大学英语四(重修)期末试卷A

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东南大学成贤学院考试卷（期末A 卷）

Part I Reading Comprehension (15 minutes, 20%)

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.

Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

What Secrets Y our Voice Reveals About You

[A] Have you ever stepped back and wondered what your voice sounds like to other people? Your friends and family can probably identify you just by the sound of your voice. And it turns out, it says a lot about us. Specifically, people can tell whether you’re an extrovert or introvert. Extroverts tend to talk loudly, quickly, and excitedly. Introverts tend to speak quietly and more slowly. So, if you are that loud person at a party, you’ll probably find that all eyes are on you, whereas introverts won’t likely be at that party at all.

[B] Just one word can make the difference between whether or not someone trusts you. In one study, participants heard several recordings o f just the word “Hello.” Women said that men who said “Hello” with a deep pitch on the end of the word sounded more trustworthy. In the reverse, men said they put more trust into the recordings of people that put a higher pitch on the ending of the word. I t’s all about the pitch. Have you ever used a person’s voice to gauge their trustworthiness? Did it work?

[C] This may sound bizarre, but if people close their eyes and hear you speak they can probably tell if you’re tall or short. Taller people tend to ha ve a deeper voice, whereas shorter people tend to have a higher voice. This is true for both men and women. Think about your favorite actors and actresses, and compare their voices side-by-side to see for yourself.

[D] Let’s talk about up -speak. Ever heard of it? Maybe not the term, but I guarantee you’ve heard people speak this way. Up-speak is a talking trend -- especially in North America -- where the speaker gives the end of a sentence an upward inflection. In other words, people who talk this way make a statement sound like a question. Those with up-speak sound less

sure of themselves and less educated and therefore less professional. Something to keep in mind at your next job interview gives you the edge.

[E] If a woman is at the point in her cycle whe re she’s most fertile, her voice will involuntarily take on a higher pitch. This has an evolutionary purpose, since our early ancestors could use this as a tool to gauge whether a woman was ready and suitable for child-bearing. Likewise, studies have shown that a woman’s voice will take on a higher pitch when she’s speaking to someone she’s attracted to. What does your mother’s voice sound like? Or your grandmother’s? Hopefully, it sounded warm, soft and kind. Hearing an adult speak slowly and calmly with a warm tone has a calming effect on children, and even on pets. Adults notice this, too. If someone’s voice sounds cold, tight and abrupt, we might assume that this means they’re unable to understand the feelings of others. It’s not just in your head.

[F] One study had participants listen to male voices from different countries speaking their own languages. The strength of the men who provided the recordings was tested. The men with the deepest voices scored highest in body strength, specifically, the upper body. Another thing should be paid attention to in the dating world. Again, think of the evolutionary purpose: during the time of early man, women would gravitate toward the men with deeper voices. Since they tended to be the strongest, she knew he could protect her, defend their home, and was probably a good hunter and athlete. Having a good sense of humor apparently came later.

[G] If you’ve noticed a lot of changes in a person’s voice -- the pace at which they talk, the tone and pitch of their voice, or whether their voice has become quieter -- they may have Parkinson’s disease. These changes can happen in the voice due to the tremors that a patient would be experiencing. If we are stressed out, our vocal cords tend to tighten. This will make your voice sound crackly and uneven. You might also stumble over your words. Overall, you’ll sound like you have pretty disorganized speech, which gives off the impression of stress and anxiety.

[H] A confident people will have a smooth and steady tone, will keep their volume at a comfortable, stable level, and their words will come out at an even pace. When you feel confident and know what you’re doing, you tend to raise the pitch of your voice when negotiating or debating with someone. You would also pay attention to how often and when you’re raising your voice and would speak enthusiastically. All this makes you sound like a leader, and people will tend to get behind you. Simply raising your voice and taking over people in a sharp, cold way makes you sound like you’re trying to cover up your lack of knowledge or experience —not someone people would trust to lead.

[I] One study found that there’s a correlation between how attractive or pleasant your voice sounds and how desirable you are physically. Oh, I get that all the time. Now, keep in mind, these are stereotypes, so this doesn’t ring true for everyone; take it with a grain of salt. Maybe a little pepper. In this study, men who sounded attractive tended to have broad shoulders and narrow hips. Women who sounded attractive tended to have narrow waists and larger hips. What do you think? Has this been true in your experience?

[J] Talking slowly in an even and warm tone gives the impression that you’re in control and at

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ease, a good indicator that you are perfectly able to keep your emotions in check. If you talk too quickly and the pitch of your voices is too high, you might sound hysterical, high-strung, and anxious. People will think that you can’t control your emotions, and you’ll sound unprofessional and sloppy.

[K] A nasally voice makes a person sound demanding, calculating and cold. A person with a voice like this is unlikely to be taken seriously as well. Plus, a nasally-sounding voice is just overall annoying to most people. If you fall into this category, what can you do about it? Well, try opening your mouth wider when you speak, so that your voice comes more directly from your voice box than through your nose.

[L] Our voices are as unique as we are, but the voices of people who are considered to be successful have a couple of things in common. Think back to the earlier point about sounding confident. Successful people’s voices tend to be of a lower, warmer tone. Their words come out evenly, and their vocal cords won’t be tight. They’ll speak loudly enough to make themselves heard, but not so loudly that they’re unpleasant to listen to. They’ll be very aware of their voice and what it sounds like.

[M] A creative person may not actually talk much, because they’re daydreaming, people-watching, or thinking deeply . But when they do talk, they certainly won’t be boring to listen to. They will have a wide vocabulary, and will talk in an excited, animated way. They’ll have emotional highs and lows, and their tone will match. Plus, these people aren’t likely to use voice-deception techniques, like lowering or raising their pitch or tone (as someone lying would tend to do), or playing around with their volumes.

[N] In the middle of a lie, someone’s voice may get shaky and change pitch or tone. People who are lying tend to speak in a higher tone than their natural, everyday voice. A liar may also start to shutter, making their voice sound halted and nervous (remember those tight vocal cords?). Their voice will not come out smoothly, and they may raise it to try and distract you from your interrogation. It may take some voice comparison experiments, but a person’s voice can be a big clue as to whether they’re being trustful. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

1. Generally speaking, the taller people are, the deeper voices they have.

2. Grea t changes in a person’s voice may be symptoms for Parkinson’s diseases.

3. If adults want to calm down a child or a pet, they’d better speak with a warm tone.

4. The sound of a person’s voice is unique, and people can tell their characters just by it.

5. A nasally-sounding voice may not only make the speaker sound indifferent, but also make the listener feel annoyed.

6. Creative persons’ talking is appealing by the use of a large vocabulary and changing tones.

7. Confident people will keep their voices in a pleasant way and change the pitch of their voice when negotiating with others.

8. Successful people attach importance to their voices, tones and vocal cords.

9. Liars often change their voice, pitch or tone in order to distract the listeners from interrogation.

10. Men with deeper voices were more attractive to women in the past based on evolutionary purpose. Part II Reading Comprehension (15 minutes, 50%)

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section which is followed by some questions. For each

of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

The field of “happiness studies ” has boomed over the past two decades, and a consensus has developed about well-being as we advance through life. In The Happiness Curve: Why Life Gets Better After 50, Jonathan Rauch, a Brookings Institution scholar reviews the strong evidence suggesting that the happiness of most adults declines through their 30s and 40s, then bottoms out in their early 50s. Nothing about this pattern is set in stone, of course. But the data seem eerily consistent with my experience: My 40s and early 50s were not an especially happy period of my life, notwithstanding my professional fortunes.

So what can people expect after that, based on the data? The news is mixed. Almost all studies of happiness over the life span show that, in wealthier countries, most people ’s contentment starts to increase again in their 50s, until age 70 or so. That is where things get less predictable, however. After 70, some people stay steady in happiness; others get happiness until death. Others see their happiness decline.

A few researchers have looked at this last group to understand what drives their unhappiness. It is, in a word, irrelevance. A study of more than 1,000 older adults by some academic researchers at Princeton, showed that senior citizens who rarely or never “felt useful ” were nearly three times as likely as those who frequently felt useful to develop a mild disability, and were more than three times as likely to have died during the course of the study.

One might think that gifted and accomplished people would be less susceptible than others to this sense of irrelevance; after all, accomplishment is a well-documented source of happiness. If current accomplishment brings happiness, then shouldn ’t the memory of that accomplishment provide some happiness as well? Maybe not. Though the literature on this question is scarce, giftedness and achievement early in life do not appear to provide an insurance policy against suffering later on. The study by Carole Holahan and Charles Holanhan concluded, “Learning at a younger age of membership in a study of intellectual giftedness was related to...less favorable psychological well-being at age eighty.”

This study may simply be showing that it ’s hard to live up to high expectations, and that telling your kid he or she is a genius is not necessarily good parenting. However, abundant evidence suggests that the waning of ability in people of high accomplishment is especially brutal psychologically. Consider professional athletes, many of who struggle profoundly after their sport career ends. Tragic example abound, involving depression, addiction, or suicide;

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unhappiness in retired athletes may even be the norm, at least temporarily.

11. What is the agreement developed by “happiness studies ”?

A) People are happier during their 30s. B) People are happier during their 40s. C) People are happier during early 50s. D) People are happier after 50.

12. According to the passage, why do some people ’s happiness decline after 70? A) They feel useful. B) They feel useless. C) They develop a mild disability. D) They are likely to die.

13. According to paragraph 4, what might gift and accomplishment early in life bring to people?

A) Source of happiness. B) Insurance policy. C) Intellectual achievement. D) Psychological suffering. 14. Why is it improper to tell your kid he or she is a genius?

A) Because it may cause he or she not to work hard. B) Because it may bring him or her unhappiness. C) Because it ’s not easy to achieve high expectations.

D) Because it may make him or her susceptible to psychology. 15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A) The professional decline is extremely cruel to talented people. B) Kids should live up to high expectations from parents.

C) High accomplishment is bound to be psychologically brutal for people. D) Professional athletes will struggle profoundly so as not to retire.

Passage Two

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.

This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.

Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座), comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more

satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.

And it’s not like this hasn’t happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.

That ’s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit -- Vanguard 1 -- turned 60 in 2018.

Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.

16. What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy? A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration. B) To encourage companies to join in space programs. C) To make the best use of satellites in space. D) To improve traffic conditions in space.

17. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy? A) Reduce debris in space. B) Monitor satellite operations.

C) Regulate the launching of new satellites. D) Update satellite communications technology.

18. What does the U.S. government hope to do with the new space policy? A) Set international standards for the space flight industry. B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms. C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world. D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.

19. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices? A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space. B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time. C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates. D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris. 20. What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?

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A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris. B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem. C) Limit the amount of debris entering space. D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.

Part III Translation (30 minutes ，30%)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into

English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.

注意：此部分试题请在答题纸上作答。

阳澄湖大闸蟹(hairy crab)是到中国苏州的游客不可不尝的一道名菜。它闻名全国，畅销各地，每年的国庆和中秋两个节日期间卖得最火。位于江苏省苏州市以东的阳澄湖环境优美，日照适合湖里繁茂植物的生长，为这些淡水蟹提供了大量的充足的食物。平坦坚硬的河床为大闸蟹的繁殖提供了良好的条件。要体验这些蟹的美味，必须把它们蒸到外黄里嫩。要使得这些乳白色鲜嫩的蟹肉吃起来更加鲜美，最常见的吃法是蘸着醋和姜末调成的汁一起吃。

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