英语应用文写作之书信

英语应用文写作之书信
英语应用文写作之书信

英语应用文写作之书信

书信在日常生活及社会事务的处理中,占一定地位。书信作为外事交往的一种重要媒介,仍是我国同世界各国进行友好交往,开展对外贸易,交流情况,沟通思想,增进友谊的主要途径。当然,这仅指一般事务性信件而言。至于书信作为一种社交手段,更是我们日常生活中相互联系的必不可少的一部分。因此,了解书信的书写要求,并认真地写好,就显得十分必要了。

书信是书面的语言,它起着代言的作用。任何一封简单的书信,都能反映出写信人的思想认识、文化水平和处事态度,都会给人们一种深刻的印象和影响,尤其是涉外书信,由于其本身的特定作用,在外事活动、出国留学、文化交流和贸易往来中,政策问题、业务问题以及方法问题又处于十分重要的地位。因此,书信不仅能够体现出我国的对外政策,也直接关系到我国的政治声誉。所以,要正确有效地处理好这些问题,除了加强本身的学习外,还要有严肃认真的工作态度,这是写好英文书信的基本要求之一。

当然,写好各种英文书信,并非轻而易举。这不仅要求我们具备较坚实的语言基础,还要求我们了解英文书信的书写格式和行文要求,并在实际工作中,不断地认真实践。只有这样,我们才能写好英文书信,发挥其应有的作用。

现将英文书信的概况,以及书写方法、行文风格等具体要求,分别介绍如下。(一)英文书信的种类 (The Kinds of English Letters)

英文书信大致可分为事务信件(Business Letters)和私人信件(Private Letters)两大类。

由于英文书信涉及面广,用途极为广泛,根据不同的作用和用途,还可细分为社交书信(Social Letters), 私人信件(Private Letters) 以及一些既属于事务书信又属于私人书信的专门书信(Special Letters)和其他书信(Other Letters), 如表扬信(Letter of Commendation)、感谢信(Letter of Thanks) 等。

值得指出的事,近年来在社会事务和对外贸易函件的处理中,非正式事务性函件(Informal Business Letters) 已被越来越多地使用。

(二)英文书信的格式(The Forms of English Letters)

英文书信,尤其是事务性信件,其书写格式与汉语不尽相同,或者说完全不同。一般来说,英文书信的格式可以分为四种: 并列式/全封式(Blocked Form/

Full-block Format)、斜列式/全缩式(Indented Form/ Fully Indented Style) 、折衷式/混合式/缩入式(Modified Form / Indented Style)和半封式(Semi-blocked Style/ Semi-block Format)

并列式/全封式 (Blocked Form/ Full-block Format)

并列式亦称全封式,要求信头、收信人地址、称呼和正文(包括每段起行)均上下对齐。如果使用印有信头的信笺,发信日期就要移至左边,齐头写起。由于并列式左边上下齐头,便于打字,故常用于商业信件或正式信函。这些信函多半写给不认识的人,如日常所说的询问信、申请信和投诉信等。(见例1)

例1:并列式/全封式 (Blocked Form/ Full-block Format)

Madison and Moore, Inc.

Professional Architects

7900 South Manheim Road

Crystal Springs, NE 71003-0092

January 11, 2001

Ms. Paula Jordan

Systems Consultant

Broadacres Development Corp.

12 East River Street

Detroit, MI 48001-0422

Dear Ms. Jordan:

SUBJECT / Re: Request for alternate duplex plans, No. 32134 (This part can be omitted in informal letters.)

Thank you for your letter of December 3,2000. I have discussed your request with the

officials in our Planning Department and have learned that the forms we used are no longer available..

In searching through my files, however, I have come across the enclosed catalog from a Nevada firm that might be helpful to you. This firm, Nevada Designers, offers plans very similar to the ones you are interested in, as you can tell from the design I checked on page 23 of their catalog.

I hope this will help your project and I wish you success in your venture. Sincerely yours,

Madison and Moore, Inc.

William Newhouse

Office Manager

Encl.: Catalog

注:(Encl.=Enclosure 附件)

例2:斜列式/全缩式 (Indented Form/ Fully Indented Style)

斜列式也称全缩式或阶梯式,要求信头和收信人地址,均比上行缩进一点,呈倒梯形状。正文每段起行,均向右缩进五个字母。

246 Wall Street

New York 5, N.Y.

June 16th, 1982

Mr. David Hall

801 Oxford AV.

San Francisco

Dear David,

I wonder if you have made any definite plan for the coming summer vacation.

If not, I want you to come and stay with me for a few days. Every member

David Brown

例4 半封式(Semi-blocked Style/ Semi-block Format)

半封式与并列式/全封式基本相同,每个段落都不缩进,只是将信头及签名缩至中线

右侧。如下所示。

Department of Psychology

The University of Reading

Whiteknights

P. O. Box 217, Reading

United Kingdom

RG 6 6AH

December 22, 2000

Prof. Li Yang

School of Humanities

Beijing University of Aeronautics

& Astronautics

Beijing, 100083

PR China

Dear Prof. Li,

It is a pleasure for me to invite you on behalf of the Department of Psychology to

accept an appointment as a visiting professor at the University of Reading from

January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2001. The University of Reading will offer you an

honorarium of £1250 per month and reimburse your travel expenses. We hope

that you can accept this invitation and we ask you to contact Dr. Valerie Peterson

with respect to details of your research and lecturing activities

during your stay in

Reading.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely,

Timothy Clarks

Chairman

Dept. of Psychology

英文书信的各组成部分(The Parts of English Letters)

1. 信头(The Heading / Letterhead)

2. 收信人的地址、姓名(The Inside Address)

称呼(The Salutation)

正文(The Body of the Letter)

结束用语(The Complimentary Close)

签名(The Signature)

除以上六项外,有时一些书信还有附件(Enclosure)和附言(Postscript)两项次要补充性部分。它们是否需要,则视实际情况而定。

另外,公文信还有“事由”一项。事由,在正式公文中占有一行,用SUBJECT 或Re: 来表示,“事由”即信的主要内容,一般信件中可以略去。

信头(The Heading / Letterhead)

信头也称信端,通常位于信纸的右上角。它包括两项内容:(1)写信人的地址,(2)写信日期。凡是正式英语信函都需要写上发信人的地址和日期。但如果使用具有公司或单位台头的信纸,则只需写上日期即可。需要注意的是,英语书信和汉语书信在地址和日期的写法上有很大的不同。汉语书信的地址是从大到小依次排列,而英语书信则恰恰相反, 即从小到大。例如:

中国北京市海淀区学院路37号

写在英文信件中则为:

37 Xueyuan Road,

Haidian District,

Beijing,

PR China

在发到国内的书信地址上,不需要写国名;而发到国外的书信,必须在发信人和收信人的地址上写上国名。

英文书信中的日期的写法常见的有两种,顺序为:月、日、年或日、月、年。例如:2005年4月25日

英文可以写成:April 25, 2005 或:25 April, 2005

见下面各例:

(1) (美式)

76 Brooklyn Avenue 美国纽约第九邮区

New York 9, N.Y. 布鲁克林大街76号

U.S.A. 2005年3月21日March 21, 2005

(2)(英式)

No. 21, Victoria Street 英国伦敦中央东7区

London, E.C.7, 维多利亚大街21号England 2005年3月21日

21st March, 2005

(3)

Nanjing University, 中国南京

22 Hankou Road 汉口路22号

Nanjing, 南京大学

China 2005年3月21日

March 21, 2005

(4)(斜列式 / 阶梯式)

English Section, Class 0501, 江苏南京

Foreign Languages Department, 南京大学外语系

Nanjing University, 英语专业05级1

Nanjing, Jinagsu

Province 2005年3月21日

March 21, 2005

收信人的姓名地址 (The Inside Address)

收信人的姓名地址也称信内地址, 它位于信笺的左上角,从左边略低于写信日期一、二行处顶格写起。先写姓名和头衔,后写地址, 其排列次序与写信人的先后次序要求一样。

在非正式英语信函中,可以不写收信人的姓名地址,但是在正式英语信函中则必须包括这一项内容,而且通常还需要在收信人的姓名后包括称谓和职务。注意,收信人的地址要排在发信人的地址和日期之后。

收信人的姓名前冠以何称,有一定的习惯。常见的情况是:

根据收信人的性别分别在名字前加Mr. Mrs. Miss, Ms.等词。

Mr. (Mister) 冠于男子名字前,复数为Messrs. (Messieurs), 相当于Gentlemen。

Mrs. (Misstress) 用于已婚妇女,之后接其夫之姓。如:Mrs. Smith

Miss (无缩写形式),用于未婚女子,如:Miss Jane.,其复数为Misses, 如:Misses Jane and Mary

Ms. 用于不知是否已经结婚的妇女。这在事务性信件中较为常见。

(2)根据收信人的身份冠以学位、头衔等,如:Dr. (Doctor) 冠以博士之姓名前;

Rev. (Reverend) 冠以神职人员的姓名前;

Prof. (Professor) 冠以教授的姓名前;

Pres. (President) 冠以董事长、会长、大学校长、总统的姓名前;

Hon. (Honorable) 冠以市长、内阁成员、议员、大事、法官等姓名前

(3)如果收信人是公司、机关或单位,一般不写个人的名字,而写负责人的职

务名称,如 The Manager, The President 等。

3.称呼 (The Salutation)

非正式英语书信中,多半是在Dear 之后直呼其名或在My dear 后加上称呼,如Dear John, My dear father 等。但在正式英语信件中, 则要根据收信人是

谁而相应的变动。一般情况是:

(1)写给个人或自己的朋友,常在姓名、姓氏、名字前加 Dear 一词。如:Dear Wang Jing, Dear Wang, Dear Jing。写给外籍人士,可用Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Jones, Dear Professor Lawrence, Dear Dr. Pangloss 等。但注意:在Mr., Mrs., Miss,Ms 和Dr.等称呼后只用姓氏,不写名字。

(2) 写给机构或公司,常用Sir(s), Dear Sirs 和Gentlemen. Sir(s) 是比较正式的礼貌称呼,通常用于公文;Dear Sirs 是英国人比较喜欢的用词,Gentlemen 为美国常用词。注意Gentlemen 仅用复数形式,不用单数Gentleman, 也不用Dear Gentlemen。

(3) 因为从英美人的名字可以看出对方的性别,所以如果知道收信人的名字是Michel Byram, 则称呼 Dear Mr. Byram。如果对方为女士,名字叫 Barbara Johns, 为稳妥起见,可以称呼对方为 Dear Ms. Johns。

(4) 如果对方是 professor, doctor, dean, president 等,也可用 Dear Professor …, Dear Dr.…, Dear Dean …, Dear President …。

(5) 如果不知道收信人的名字,那么称呼可以是如下几种:Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sirs, Gentlemen 等等。

(6) 如果是写给妇女社团、组织,可用Madams 或 Ladies 等尊称。

4.正文 ( The Body of the Letter)

正文是信的主体,是信中最重要的部分。英语书信的正文通常包括三个部分:

(一)写此信的目的;(二)具体要表达的内容;(三)表示希望或祝福的话。如:

With best regard .

Hoping for an early reply .

Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Looking forward to an early reply.

Wit h kind regard to your father (mother, wife …).

Please convey my best regard to your father (mother, wife…).

一般书信的正文从低于称呼一、二行处落笔,每段第一行向右约缩进五个字母。正文要求简明扼要,条理清楚。每段不宜太长,尤其开头和结尾两段,更应简短。

如果正文是用打字机打,则要注意上、下、左、右的空边。一般来说,正文约占信笺的四分之三,左边的空白要比右边稍大一点,下方的空白要留得大一些。总之,空白要适中,两边要整齐。

5.结束语(The Complimentary Close)

结束语是写信人对收信人的一种谦称,相当于我国书信中的“敬上”、“谨上”、“谨启”等。结束语单独成行,通常位于正文末行下面一、二行,可写在与正文左对齐的地方,也可以从中间向右写。开头词第一个字母要大写,末尾加逗号。

结束语应根据通信者之间的不同的关系适当地选用,并注意与称呼吻合一致。具体写法大致如下:

1)写给机关、团体、公司或不认识的人

Yours faithfully, (您忠诚的)

Yours truly, (您忠实的)

Yours very truly, (您非常忠实的)

2)写给上级、长者或老师等

Yours respectfully, (您恭敬的)

Very respectfully yours, (您非常恭敬的)

3) 写给一般朋友、熟人、同学或同事

Yours sincerely, (您真诚的)

Yours very sincerely, (您非常真诚的)

Sincerely yours, (美)

Sincerely, (美)

Yours cordially, (您真挚的)

4)写给亲属或挚友

Yours, (您的)

Yours ever, (您永远的)

Yours affectionately, (您亲爱的)

With love from, (爱您的)

Your loving son (daughter, sister, mother…) (您的爱子、爱女、姐妹、母亲…)

5) 在非正式信函中,可以用Love, Sincerely 等;在正式信函中,如果称呼为Dear Mr…., 或Dear Ms…, 结束语用 Yours, Yours sincerely; 如果称呼为Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sirs, Gentlemen, 则用Yours faithfully 或Yours truly 。

6.签名(The Signature)

签名指自己的亲笔署名,一般签在低于结束语一、二行之处。如果使用打字机,除打上自己的名字外,也要亲笔签名,这对于商业书信和事务性公函尤为重要。其做法是:

(1) 如签署者代表单位而非个人时,应在结束语的下一行,打出全部大写的所代表的单位名称。如:

Yours very truly,

MILLS SUPPLY COMPANY

(签名)

(2) 写信人如是女性,而且与收信人素不相识,应在署名前(如用打字机,则在打出的名字前,)根据自己婚否,用圆括号注明“Miss”,或“Mrs.”等字样,以便对方复信称呼。如:

A) Truly yours, B) Yours sincerely,

(签名) (签名) (Miss)Esther Dyson (Mrs.) Jennifer Bless

(3) 如果是代理署名,一般在打出的大写本单位名称前打上By, For, Per 或

P.P.(Per Procuration 的缩写)等字样,以表示代署。如:

Yours very truly,

For STERN & COOKE CO., LTD.

(签名)

Edward Sewell

(4) 如果署上自己的职称或头衔,可写在或打在最末一行。如:

Yours truly,

(签名)

John Smith

Professor of English

一封信将名字签好后,本来可以寄发出去,但有时可能会发现内容有点遗漏或随信需寄点什么附件等还要予以说明。这些虽属补充部分,但其写法也有具体要求,现说明如下:

1)附件(Enclosure): 如果信内已说明有附件要寄,也要在信笺的左下角附注说明,以便收信人查阅。如:

En cl: Doctor’s Certificate (附:医生证明一张)

Enclosures: 2 Invoices (附:发票两张)

2)附言(Postscript): 一般而言,除非确属需要,最好不要附言,尤其郑重的函件,更应避免。如用,则在签名的下一、二行,信笺的左边,先写P.S. (即Postscript的缩写),接着写出要讲的话。如:

………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………Looking forward to an early reply!

Yours truly,

Denis Green

P.S. Kindly send me a syllabus.

Writing Assignment 1:

1. 用你的姓名和住址(首都医科大学,中国北京右安门外西头条10号,邮编:100069)

给下面这位教授写好信头和收信人姓名地址。

Professor Levy Lawrence, P.O. Box 6332, Stanford CA 94309,U.S.A.

2. 用你的姓名和住址(首都医科大学,中国北京右安门外西头条10号,邮编:100069)

给Dr. John Smith, Dept. of Education, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-1175,U.S.A.写一封邀请信,请他到中国来度假。

Key to Writing Assignment 1

1. Capital University of Medical Sciences

10 Xitoutiao, You An Men / 10 You An Men

Beijing, 100069 China

高中英语应用文写作:申请信常用写作句式

高中英语应用文写作:申请信常用写作句式 申请信是书信的一种,主要以介绍个人情况为主,包括自己的姓名、年龄、身高、健康状况、业余爱好、特长、工作态度及人际关系等。 一般说来,作文中会涉及到以下几点: (1)说明信息的来源。比如从报纸、网络、学校布告栏 等处得知或经朋友介绍等; (2)介绍个人情况,包括自己的工作经历、个人特长及 爱好等; (3)表达自己对申请对象的期盼; (4)用简明的句子表明自己的能力及奋斗目标。 此类写作会涉及比较常用的一些文章结构和写作句式,熟记并灵活应用是写好该类应用文的关键! 【篇首句】介绍自己,简要说明信息来源,并提出申请。 1. I'm Li Hua, from Class One, Senior Three. 我是李华,来自高三一班。 2. I have read in the newspaper that a secretary is wanted in your company. 我在报纸上看到你们公司在招聘一名秘书。

3. I read the announcement of the Experience Life that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. 我在网上看到你们发布的体验生活的消息,我对此很感兴趣。 4. I am extremly pleased to see your advertisement for an English tutor(家庭教师/助教)in the newspaper. 我很高兴在报纸上看到你们招聘家庭教师/助教的广告。 5. I am writing to apply for the summer camp in your school. 我写信是想申请加入你们学校的夏令营。 6. I am writing to tell you that I'm suitable for the job you are advertising. 我写信是想告诉你,我适合做你们在广告上刊登的这份工作。 7. I am writing to inquire about the possibility of the job. 我写信是询问(我得到)这份工作的可能性。 8. I am writing to join the program. 我写信是想加入这个项目。 9. I would like to apply for it during the summer vacation. 我想要暑假申请它。 【篇中句】突出自己特点,具体说明胜任理由。

申请签证解释信

申请签证解释信 文稿归稿存档编号:[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-

尊敬的签证官您好, Dear Visa Officer, 我是申请人贾一凡,目前就读于石家庄市第二十八中学。My name is ////, I am studying in No.28 middle school. My mother works in ///branch of China Construction Bank. She is taking the position of credit approval department supervisor, mainly responsible for credit approval of the company. My father works in Chinese People's Liberation Army //// troops political department. He is taking the position of engineering in technical department, mainly responsible for equipment maintenance. I am the only child in my family, and my parents teach me to be an independent child since I was very young. I prefer to do thing by myself at school and at home. My mother plan to go on a trip to Canada with me ,and pay a visit to Canadian schools. Canada is a beautiful country with the largest investment in education. My mother has known some information about the learning environment and class styles from her friends. I have collected some information about the schools in Canada and I have felt in love on Canada. My mother has had the Canadian short-term visit visa since May in 2014. I have a strong desire to pay a visit to Canada with my mother in the summer holiday, and I think this experience will improve my

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