最新山东大学考博英语真题2014-附答案

2014山大考博英语

2014-04-07

语法词汇题比较难，30个单选题，一个0.5分，基本上是考查词意的

完型题20个，一个0.5分，01年考研真题

阅读理解4篇，每个题 1.5分，30分，都是六级和考研原题（最近两年阅读没出专八题）

7选5，共10分，关于奥巴马的

英译汉五个，一个3分，长句子翻译比较难，费得时间比较长

作文20分，关于children surfing the net

2013山大考博英语

Part I Grammar and Vocabulary

1. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that __________ the speakers stopped for deferments.

A. at large

B. at intervals

C. at ease

D. at random

2. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers’ checks, which provide

a secure__________ to carrying your money in cash.

A. substitute

B. selection

C. inference

D. alternative

3. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a character.

A. gracious

B. suspicious

C. unique

D. particular

4. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this__________produces artificial cold surrounding it.

A. absorption

B. transition

C. consumption

D. interaction

5. Language, culture, and personality may be considered__________of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.

A. Indistinctly

B. separately

C. irrelevantly

D. independently

6. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December

25th__________the birth of Jesus Christ.

A. in accordance with

B. in terms of

C. in favor of

D. in honor of

7. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must

__________the qualities and varieties of products we make t o the world market demand.

A. improve

B. enhance

C. guarantee

D. gear

8. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed __________and means of packing.

A. specimens

B. inspections

C. samples

D. specifications

9. Many of the conditions that __________population pressures --- overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness --- lead to dissatisfaction.

A. bring forward

B. give rise to

C. feed up with

D. result from

10. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as

easily__________for a month or a year as for a single day.

A. put up

B. stay up

C. speed up

D. make up

11. The fact that the earth’s surface heats__________provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.

A. infrequently

B. irregularly

C. unsteadily

D. uneverny

12. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird __________a set of

actions to protect its offspring.

A. hastens

B. releases

C. devises

D. initiates

13. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can

be__________to tourist spending?

A. attributed

B. applied

C. contributed

D. attached

14. Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and __________for us in

an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade

when we grow old.

A. ingredient

B. reliance

C. shelter

D. inclination

15. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to

__________wonderful bargains in the market.

A. pick up

B. bump into

C. pile up

D. bring back

16. Scientists are searching for the oldest tree __________because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.

A. lively

B. alive

C. living

D. live

17. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New Y ork City __________shock and anger throughout the world.

A. tempted

B. provoked

C. summoned

D. enveloped

18. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that __________girls in school was

probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world

today.

A. enrolling

B. assigning

C. involving

D. consenting

19. The UN o fficial said aid programs will be __________until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.

A. multiplied

B. arrested

C. spanned

D. suspended

20. Despite almost universal__________of the vital importance of women’s literacy, education remains a dream for many women i n far too many countries of the world.

A. confession

B. identification

C. acknowledgement

D. compliment

21. Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must

now __________much of their food.

A. deliver

B. import

C. produce

D. develop

22. Because Jenkins neither __________nor defends either management or the

striking workers, both aides admire his journalistic

A. criticizes...acumen

B. attacks,neutrality

C. confronts,aptitude

D.

dismis ses,flair

23. Some anthropologists claim that a few aps have been taught a rudimentary

sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only __________their trainers.

A. imitating

B. condoning

C. instructing

D. acknowledging

24. It is ironic that the__________insights of the great thinkers are voiced

so often that they have become mere

A. oriinal, cliches

B. banal, beliefs

C. dubious, habits

D.

philosophical-questions 25. The most frustrating periods of any diet are the

inevitable__________, when weight loss if not stops.

A. moods, accelerates

B. feasts, halts

C. holidays, contracts

D. plateaus, slows

26. Since the author’s unflattering references to her friends were so__________, she was surprised that her__________were recognized.

A. laud atory, styles

B. obvious, anecdotes

C. oblique, allusions

D.

critical, eulogies

27. If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not

the erosion of religion herald the __________of moraliy?

A, regulation B. basis C. belief D. collapse

28. Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be __________,

and therefore external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.

A. learned, immune to

B. innate, unaffected by

C. intricate, belong to

D.

specific, confused with

29. Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy __________at any price.

A. order

B. emancipation

C. hope

D. liberty

30. As a person who combines care with _________, Marisa completed her duties

with__________as well as zeal.

A. levity, resignation

B. enthusiasm, meticulousness

C. vitality,

willingness D. empathy, rigor

PartⅡ Close

The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called

biotechnology. As the name __31__ , it combines biology and modern technology through such __32__ as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, __33__ in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent (取得专利) seeds that give a high yield (产量), that __34__ disease, drought and frost,

and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals. __35__ such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some h ave raised __36__ about genetically engineered crops. "In nature, genetic diversity (多样性) is created within certain limits,"

says the book Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment. "A rose can be

crossed(杂交) with a different kind of rose, but a lose will __37__ cross with a

potato ..." Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes

from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to __38__ a desired

property or character. This could mean, __39__ , selecting a gene which leads to

the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and

joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes __40__ from bacteria, viruses, insects,

animals or even humans. __41__ , then, biotechnology allows humans to break the

genetic walls that __42__ species. Like the green revolution, (43)what some call

the gene revolution (44)contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity (千篇一律) –some say even more so (45)because geneticists can employ techniques such (46)as cloning and organ culture, processes that produce perfectly (47)identical copies,

or clones. Concerns about the biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new(48) issues, such as the effects that they may have on

us a nd the environment. ―We are flying blindly into a new (49) of agricultural

biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potensial

(50) , ‖ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.

31. A. suggests B. recalls C. concerns D. advises

32. A. concepts B. views C. techniques D. courses

33. A. participate B. focus C. specialize D. involve

34. A. treat B. avoid C. oppose D. resist

35. A. If B. Unless C. Since D. As

36. A. demands B. topics C. concerns D. lessons

37. A. sometimes B. never C. frequently D. eventually

38. A. convey B. transfer C. select D. collect

39. A. for example B. for one thing C. on one hand D. in any case

40. A. resulted B. evolved C. injected D. taken

41. A. In contrast B. In that C. In case D. In essence

42. A. separate B. form C. create D. vary

43. A. what B. where C. as D. so

44. A. combines B.contributes https://www.360docs.net/doc/f210984257.html,mands D. breaks

45. A. that B.because C. if D. when

46. A. like B. for example C. as D. is

47. A. resembling B. alike C. similar D. identical

48. A. issues B. height C. difficulties D. goals

49. A. spot B. era C. deadline D. scheme

50. A. navigations B. mystery C. outcomes D. destinations

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Passage 1

The Carnegie Foundation report says that many col leges have tried to be ―all things to all people‖. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The

current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning

to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has

no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered

a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven

by careerism, ―the nation’s colleges and universities are more successful in

providing credentials (文凭) than in providing a quality education for their

students. ―The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the

undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning. Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the

disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ―　Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study

found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they

do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: ―Teaching is important, we are

told, and yet faculty know th at research and publication matter most.‖ Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to

graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated

themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among y oung scholars is that ―There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the

publications.‖

51. When a college tries to be ―all things to al people‖ (Lines 1-2, Para.

1) it aims to ________.

A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously

B) focus on training students in various skills

C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible

D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends

52. By saying that ―in too many a cademic fields, the work has no context‖　(Lines 4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas ________.

A) ignores the actual situation

B) is not based on the right perspective

C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning

D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students

53. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and

universities is that ________.

A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges

B) students don’t have enough f reedom in choosing what they want to learn

C) skills are being taught as a means to an end

D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials

54. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their

four-year degree candidates because ________.

A) most of them lack high-quality faculties

B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research

C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard

D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching

55. It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for ________. A) putting academic work in the proper context

B) a commitment to students and effective teaching

C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends

D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge

答案

51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. B

Passage 2

Endangered Species Endangered species are plants and animals that are in

immediate danger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution. Since the formation of the earth, many m ore species have become extinct than those exist today. These species slowly disappeared because of changes of

climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation (捕食). Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment (侵犯) on natural ecology systems. Today the majority of the world’s envir onments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through

natural selection.

Species become extinct or endangered for a number of reasons, but the primary

cause is the destruction of natural habitats (栖息地). Drainage of wetlands (沼泽地), cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam

construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various

surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal populations crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small islands‖　lose contact with other populations of their own kind, thus reducing their genetic variation and making them less adaptable to environment changes.

Since the 1600s, commercial exploitation of animals for food and other products has caused many species to become extinct or endangered. Introduced diseases and

parasites have also greatly reduced some species. Pollution is another important

cause of their extinction.

Some private and governmental efforts have been organized to save declining

species. Laws were made i n some c ountries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. approved by 51 nations.

Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating

and restricting trade in certain species. How e ffective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement (实施 ) and support by the people and