中考阅读理解及解题方法

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编

1．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Are you afraid of going to the dentist （牙医）? If so, you're not alone.

These fears could just be in our heads, however. According to a recent survey by Martin Tickle, a professor at Manchester University in the UK, the pain isn't felt most of the time in dental surgeries （牙科手术）. In fact. among the 451 interviewed patients, 75％ reported no pain at all during their visits, including situations when they had their teeth pulled out.

Could it be the sound of the drill （钻头）then?

"I found that the sound of drilling can evoke deep worry in dental patients. Actually they don't have any pain." Hiroyuki Karibe, a scientist at Nippon Dental University in Tokyo, told the Guardian.

To find the reason why a drill might bring on a racing heart, Karibe divided the volunteers into low-fear and high-fear groups based on how much they feared a trip to the dentist. Volunteers were played the sound of a drill while their brain activities were watched by a machine.

What Karibe found in the low-fear group was increased activity in the areas of the brain relative to auditory processing （听觉处理）, which means, for these people, the sound of dental drills is no different from other sounds

In the high-fear group, however, the brain area that was activated （激活） was different. It was the area that carries out a number of duties, including learning, feelings and, most importantly, memory. This means that these volunteers not only heard the sound, but they remembered it-they made connections between the sound of a drill and the worry it produced in the past, causing their worry to return.

Understanding how brains reply to the sounds of dentists ' drills could help scientists find ways to make patients more relaxed, according to Karibe, because patients who worry about going to the dentist might keep putting off their visits. But the best way is to keep your teeth healthy.

（1）How does the writer explain that the pain isn't felt most of the time in dental surgeries?

A. By showing facts with numbers.

B. By asking questions one by one.

C. By giving examples group by group.

D. By comparing results of patients.

（2）According to the fourth paragraph, what does the word "evoke" mean in Chinese?

A. 减轻

B. 引起

C. 显示

D. 阻止

（3）How did the sound of drilling produce different results to the volunteers in the study?

A. It produced some worry in the volunteers in the low-fear group

B. For the low-fear group, it activated the brain area dealing with learning, feelings and memory

C. For the high-fear group, it caused more activities in the brain area relative to auditory processing.

D. It made people in the high-fear group remember their past uncomfortable memories

（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A. How the study might be useful.

B. Some new ways to treat teeth

C. The proper way to treat dental patients.

D. The importance of keeping our teeth healthy.

（5）What's the purpose of the passage?

A. To show us different areas of fear in brains.

B. To introduce us a recent survey by a scientist.

C. To help us have less fear of a trip to the dentist.

D. To make it clear that the sound of drilling is not terrible.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】【分析】主要讲了理解大脑对牙医的钻头声的反应可以帮助科学家找到让病人更放松的方法。

（1）细节题。根据In fact. among the 451 interviewed patients, 75％ reported no pain at all during their visits, including situations when they had their teeth pulled out.可知采访了451人，75%说一点不疼，可知用数字说明事实，故选A。

（2）细节题。根据后文To find the reason why a drill might bring on a racing heart可知是发现钻头引起担心的原因，所以意思是引起，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据but they remembered it-they made connections between the sound of a drill and the worry it produced in the past, causing their worry to return可知让他们记住过去的担心忧虑，故选D。

（4）细节题，根据Understanding how brains reply to the sounds of dentists ' drills could help scientists find ways to make patients more relaxed可知理解大脑对牙医的钻头声的反应可以帮助科学家找到让病人更放松的方法，即研究是有用的，故选A。

（5）细节题。根据全文可知主要讲了理解大脑对牙医的钻头声的反应可以帮助科学家找到让病人更放松的方法。，即介绍科学家的一项最近的研究，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

2．阅读理解

Sun bears（马来熊）are the smallest of the world's eight bears species（物种）. They have a black coat and a white or golden colour on their bodies. Their homes are in the tropical（热带雨

林）of Southeast Asia. They live in trees and eat both plants and animals. They can grow to be

1.4 metres in height and 65 kilograms in weight. They usually live alone and are happy to spend most of their time by themselves.

Scientists studied sun bears in the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Center. They found that although sun bears live alone, they have developed a surprising social skill. They can copy （模

仿）other sun bear's facial expression （面部表情）as a form of communication. They can even copy exact muscular （肌肉的） movements that other sun bears make— such as making a face.

The ability to copy facial expressions is found in humans, gorilla's （大猩猩）, some monkeys

and some other animals. But until now, only humans and gorillas have the ability to exactly copy facial expressions. However, scientists found that sun bears can copy facial expression as well as humans and gorillas. This surprised them because sun bears are alone and they have no close relationship with human beings.

Although they live alone in the wild, the sun bears in the study often played gently with each other. Sometimes they played with faster actions as hitting and biting. Scientists are still not sure

what messages the sun bears were sending to one another.

（1）According to the passage, where do sun bears usually live?

A. In caves.

B. In trees.

C. By the river.

D. On the ice.

（2）From the passage, we can learn something about sun bears EXCEPT that _______________.

A. they like to live alone in the wild and only eat animals

B. they can copy other sun bears' facial expressions for communications

C. they can copy exact muscular movements of other sun bears

D. they have no close relationship with human beings

（3）Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A. A warm home on the earth

B. A brave animal in the forest

C. A new friend of human beings

D. A surprising skill of sun bears

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了世界上八个熊类物种中最小的马来熊的栖息

环境，生活习性以及他们所拥有的能力。虽然马来熊在科学研究中经常表现得很文静，有

时候会快速的击打撕咬，但是科学家仍然不知道他们如何传提信息。

（1）细节理解题，根据 They live in trees ，可知马来熊生活在树上，故答案是B。

（2）细节理解题，根据 They live in trees and eat both plants and animals. 可知马来熊既吃动

物也吃植物，并不是只吃动物，故答案是A。

（3）标题判断题，根据文章的第二段可知，马来熊有着令人吃惊的社交技能，故答案是

D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题和标题判断题，细节理解题一般比较简

单，可以直接从文章中找到答案，标题判断题则需要在充分理解文章的基础上抓住中心凝练句式，得出正确结论。

3．阅读理解

People all over the world eat eggs. Most of the eggs we eat come from hens. Eggs are easy to cook. They can be cooked in lots of ways such as fried or hard-boiled. Eggs can be used with other things to make cakes and ice-cream.

The fresh test

Put your egg in a pan of water and use the guide below to find out how old your egg is.

What happens to the egg Age of the egg

Sinks（下沉）to the bottom of the pan and stays there Sinks, but floats at an angle（角度）

Sinks, and then stands on end

Floats on top or just under the surface 3-6 days old

Just over 1 week old About 2 weeks old Over 2 weeks old

Eggs last a long time. You can keep them for about four weeks in your fridge.

A. the birth of chickens

B. the difference between them

C. the use of eggs

D. the way of keeping them

（2）What makes a yolk dark orange?

A. The hen's food.

B. The colour of the shell.

C. The age of the egg.

D. The vitamins in the egg.

（3）What does the table above show?

A. How heavy an egg can be.

B. How long to cook an egg in a pan.

C. How to make an egg sink.

D. How to check the age of an egg.【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍怎样测试鸡蛋的时间。

（1）主旨大意题。根据They can be cooked in lots of ways such as fried or hard-boiled. Eggs can be used with other things to make cakes and ice-cream.可知这段主要讲固定是鸡蛋的用途。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据The yolk can be pade yellow to dark orange.The colour depends on what the hen eats，可知母鸡吃的食物决定蛋黄的颜色，故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据Put your egg in a pan of water and use the guide below to find out how old your egg is.可知这个图表是用来核查鸡蛋的时间。故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。先进行审题，弄清题意。然后带着问题阅读短文，从短文的信息中找出问题的正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Pablo Casals was a great cello（大提琴） player and music writer. He was born in Catalonia, Spain. He first heard the cello played when he was 11.Generally, he felling love with the instrument. So, he went to school at the Escuela Municipal de Musica. He focused on his studies and got high grades. When he finished school, he played the cello in the queen's palace. He became more and more famous. Soon, he began to play for audiences worldwide.

After the events of the Spanish Civil War, Casals left Spain. He refused to go back. He went to live in Puerto Roco. He continued his work as a teacher. Healso recorded many albums（相册）. At the age of 80 he married his third and final wife, Marta Montanez.

Casals died in 1973.The king of Spain had enjoyed Casals' music very much. He ordered a postage stamp to be made. It showed a picture of the cellist.

（1）What school did Casals attend?

A. Julliard.

B. L' Ecole Normale de Musique.

C. The Royal Conservatory.

D. Escuela Municipal de Musica.

（2）How old was Casals when he married Marta Montanez?

A. 80.

B. 89.

C. 45.

D. 27.

（3）What did the king of Spain order?

A. Casals' cello.

B. A postage stamp.

C. A palace.

D. A music school.

（4）What is the main topic of the passage?

A. The life of Pablo Casals.

B. Pablo Casals' playing style.

C. Pablo Casals' opinion of Spain.

D. The music of Pablo Casals.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了帕布罗·卡萨尔斯，这位伟大的大提琴演奏家和音乐作家的个人简历。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句So, he went to school at the Escuela Municipal de Musica. 可知，他去了埃斯库拉市音乐学校。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句 At the age of 80 he married his third and final wife, Marta

Montanez.可知，在80岁时，他与Marta Montanez结婚，故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句He ordered a postage stamp to be made. It showed a picture of the cellist.理解可知，国王下令制作了一张邮票，上面是一个大提琴手的照片，故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，此文主要介绍了Pablo Casals的一生，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。

5．阅读理解

When you speak to foreigners, what will you do if you can't understand their languages? Will you use your body language to help you, or just say sorry to them and then go away? Learning spoken language is very important, but learning local gestures（手势） is also very necessary.

I often use gestures to communicate with someone whose language I don't know. We use our hands to talk with each other. Although we don't understand the others' words, our hand movements make our conversation more necessary.

However, gestures aren't always clear. Different gestures may have different meanings in different countries and cultures.

In many countries, people move their hands at someone to call him to come near. In the United States, people usually move hands at somebody with their palms（手掌）up and sometimes move just one finger. But in many countries in Asia, hand movements like that would be impolite. In Asia, many people move hands at someone with their palms down using all fingers.

Do you use your thumb, your thick short finger to make gestures? In western countries, "thumbs-up" means agreement. But it is very rude in parts of Africa.

If you want to say "OK" in America, you can make a circle with the thumb and the second finger. But in France, it means "zero", and it is very rude in many other countries.

You can use your second finger to point at something but not at somebody in the United States. However, in some parts of Europe, Asia and Africa, pointing at anything with one's second finger is not polite.

"V" form is often used when people take photos. But using two fingers to make up the "V" shape means "peace" in the West.

The last example is that people in parts of Asia point to their noses to mean themselves, but people in western countries usually point to their chests.

Gestures are important, but also have different meanings.

（1）It's OK in to call someone to come near by moving just one finger.

A. America

B. Asia

C. Africa

D. Europe

（2）According to the passage, we can learn that .

A. pointing one finger at someone in the United States is sometimes allowed

B. using "thumbs-up" as your body language is very rude in parts of Africa

C. making a circle with the thumb and the next finger means"0"in America

D. using two fingers to make up the "V" shape means "success" in the West

（3）There are examples of different gestures in the passage.

A. five

B. six

C. seven

D. eight

（4）The best title of this passage can be .

A. Work Hard to Learn Different Cultures around the World

B. Talk to Other People with Spoken Language Successfully

C. DifferentGestures Are Difficult to Understand and Learn

D. Make Sure Your Gestures Are Saying What You Want to Say

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：实例说明在不同的国家和文化中，不同的手势可能有不同的含义。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句 In many countries, people move their hands at someone to call him to come near. In the United States, people usually move hands at somebody with their palms（手掌） up and sometimes move just one finger. 理解可知，在美国可以用一个手指，向某人挥手让他过来，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句In many countries, people move their hands at someone to call him to come near. In the United States, people usually move hands at somebody with their palms（手掌）up and sometimes move just one finger. But in many countries in Asia, hand movements like that would be impolite. 可知，在亚洲的一些国家，手掌向上的手语是不礼貌的，故选B。

（3）理解归纳题。通读全文可知，此文一共列举了6个不同的手势，故选B。

（4）标题归纳题。通读全文语句理解可知，不同的国家或地区，手势不同其代表的含义也不同，一定要弄清它们具体的含义，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本题涉及细节理解题和标题归纳题。做题的时候，先从题目中找到一个关键词，再定位原文，找到答案。

6．阅读理解

When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings （缺点）. Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn't a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with （忍受） her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.

He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, "Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn't you ever wonder what you're really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said."

I did as he told me and to my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.

I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. "That's just for you," he said. "You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be helpful to you. Don't shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right."

Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure （珍惜） all your life!

（1）What did the writer's father do after he heard her complaints （抱怨）?

A. He agreed with her "enemy".

B. He let her continue to put up with her "enemy".

C. He told her to write down all her "enemy" had said about her.

D. He told her not to pay attention to what her "enemy" had said.

（2）The writer felt________ when she did the things as her father had told her.

A. surprised

B. angry

C. disappointed

D. sad

（3）Which of the following can we know from the passage?

A. The "enemy" thought the writer was pretty.

B. The "enemy" thought the writer studied hard.

C. The writer and her "enemy" became best friends at last.

D. The writer is thankful to her father.

（4）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. My Parents

B. A Serious Criticism （批评）

C. What People Say About You Is Always Right

D. The Best Advice I Have Ever Had

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者12岁时有一个女孩喜欢指出作者的缺点，起初作者是不高兴的，在爸爸的劝说下发现女孩说的一半都是自己的缺点，认识到在我们的生活中，我们经常遇到一些麻烦，我们经常去找别人寻求建议。为了一些建议，你会珍惜你的一生！（1）细节题。根据Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true.可知爸爸让女儿把“敌人”说的每一句话都列一张单子，把正确的地方标出来。故选C。（2）细节题。根据I did as he told me and to my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.我照他说的做了，令我吃惊的是，我发现大约一半的事情是真的，可知作者是惊讶的，故选A。

（3）推断题。根据I did as he told me and to my surprise, I discovered that about half the things were true.我照他说的做了，令我吃惊的是，我发现大约一半的事情是真的，可知作者在爸爸的帮助下认识到了自己的错误，所以作者对爸爸非常感谢，故选D。

（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了作者12岁时有一个女孩喜欢指出作者的缺点，起初作者是不高兴的，在爸爸的劝说下发现女孩说的一半都是自己的缺点，认识到在我们的生活中，我们经常遇到一些麻烦，我们经常去找别人寻求建议。为了一些建议，你会珍惜你

的一生！即作者曾经拥有的最好的建议，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

7．阅读理解

The phenomenon （现象） of a bike rider getting hit by an opening car door is so common that it has its own term: dooring.

According to a study in Chicago, as many as 1 in 5 bike accidents are caused by car doors—in total, there is nearly one dooring each day in the Windy City （Chicago）.

Even when the bike riders try to turn to the other direction to escape from the opening doors, they can end up getting hit by cars.

Then how can we reduce such kind of accidents? Is there any practical way to solve that problem? Yes. It's the Dutch Reach, which has been popular on the Internet recently. The Dutch Reach is a practice where instead of using your near hand—usually the driver's left hand—to open your car door, you use your far hand—your right hand.

By doing that, you will turn your body around. And you turn your head and shoulders back, so you are looking directly out. First, pass the rearview mirror. And then, you are very easily able to look back and see if there are coming bicycles or cars or anything else. The simplicity of the approach is part of its intelligence.

（1）What is dooring?

A. The opening of the car door.

B. The accidents caused by opening the car door.

C. That bike riders are hit by opening car doors.

D. The accidents that happened in the Windy City.

（2）__________ of bike accidents are caused by dooring according to the study.

A. 1%

B. 5%

C. 20%

D. 25%

（3）Which hand do you use to open the door in the Dutch Reach?

A. The left hand if I am the driver.

B. The right hand if I am the driver.

C. The right hand if I sit at the back.

D. The right hand if I sit next to the driver.

（4）What does the underlined phrase "rearview mirror" mean in Chinese?

A. 门把手

B. 雨刮器

C. 后视镜

D. 挡风玻璃【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：骑自行的人被打开的车门撞到是很普遍的现象，怎样避免这种状况的发生呢？

（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句The phenomenon （现象） of a bike rider getting hit by an opening car door is so common that it has its own term: dooring.理解可知，dooring就是骑

自行车的人被汽车车门撞倒了，故选C。

（2）理解计算题。根据文中的语句According to a study in Chicago, as many as 1 in 5 bike accidents are caused by car doors—in total, there is nearly one dooring each day in the Windy City （Chicago）.理解可知，根据芝加哥的一项研究，多达五分之一的自行车事故是由车门引起的，也就是20%，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句The Dutch Reach is a practice where instead of using your near hand—usually the driver's left hand—to open your car door, you use your far hand—your right hand.理解可知，在这种练习中，司机要用右手而不是左手去开门，故选B。

（4）词义推测题。根据文中的语句 First, pass the rearview mirror. And then, you are very easily able to look back and see if there are coming bicycles or cars or anything else. 理解可知，rearview mirror是后视镜的意思，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题，词义推断题及推理判断题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题，词义推断题以及判断题都需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。

8．阅读理解

"The day will be the most memorable in the history of America," wrote John Adams in 1776. "People will honor it with parades, fireworks and celebrations," he added.

Since 1776, Americans have celebrated July 4 as the country's Independence Day. Several early presidents of the United States died on July 4. They include John Adams, who became the second president. Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the country's third president, both died on the country's 50th anniversary of Independence Day. James Monroe, the fifth US president, died on July 4, 1831. And the 30th president, Calvin Coolidge, was born on July 4.

Most Americans celebrate Independence Day with barbecues, parades and fireworks. But a few celebrate by eating all the hot dogs they can, Since the early 1970s, a restaurant called Nathan's Famous has organized a competition to see who can eat the most hot dogs in a short time. In 10 years, Joey Chestnut has won the men's contest nine times, In 2016, he set a record at the competition by eating 70 hot dogs in 10 minutes. The 2016 women's winner, Miki Sudo, has won in each of the past three years. In 2016, she ate 38 and a half hot dogs. Sudo and Chestnut each won a $ 10, 000 prize.

Let's go back to those fireworks, probably the most common image related to Independence Day. Americans really love fireworks. Where do many of our fireworks come from? . By the way, we also import most of our American flags from China, too.

（1）Some presidents died on July 4 EXCEPT____________.

A. John Adams

B. Thomas Jefferson

C. James Monroe

D. Calvin Coolidge

（2）Some Americans celebrate Independence Day by eating____________.

A. hot dogs.

B. noodles

C. dumplings

D. hamburgers

（3）Which of the following can be put into the blank?

A. England

B. China

C. France

D. Germany

（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Joey Chestnut ate 38 and a half hot dogs in ten minutes.

B. Americans import most of their national flags from Japan.

C. Americans love fireworks very much.

D. Americans have celebrated July 4 as the country's Independence Day since 1831.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了内国人庆祝独立日的方式，有人通过烧烤、游行和放烟花庆祝，有人通过吃热狗庆祝，十年来乔伊获得了九次冠军，Miki Sudo在过去三年中每一年都获得了冠军。2016年，她吃了38.5个热狗。

（1）细节理解题，根据Several early presidents of the United States died on July 4. They include John Adams, who became the second president. Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the country's third president, both died on the country's 50th anniversary of Independence Day. James Monroe, the fifth US president, died on July 4, 1831.可知死于七月四日的美国总统有约翰亚当斯，托马斯杰斐逊，詹姆士摩尔，不包括柯立芝，故答案是D。

（2）细节理解题，根据 B ut a few celebrate by eating all the hot dogs they can,可知一些美国人通过吃热狗来庆祝美国独立日，故答案是A。

（3）细节理解题，根据By the way, we also import most of our American flags from China, too.可知，空缺处应填China，故答案是B。

（4）正误判断题，根据Americans really love fireworks.可知美国人非常喜欢放烟花，因此C的陈述是正确的，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和正误判断题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；正误判断题属于细节理解题的一种，也需要根据文章内容进行判定。

9．阅读理解

Need to buy something? Why go to a store? Buy it on the Internet! Need it now? Why wait? Ask to receive it the next day! Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited. Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment.

People are surprised to hear this." They think, I don't need to drive, and the business doesn't need to build a store, so there will be less pollution," says Nuria Prost, an environmental scientist. "But it is not so simple. In fact, online shopping is wasteful. It also adds to air pollution."

In truth, the Internet is not always as good a friend to the environment as it seems. For example, most people thought that the Internet would help offices use less paper and other materials. But paper use increased by33percent between 1986 and 1997."Online shopping could

have similarly harmful results," says Nevil Cohen, a researcher of environmental science. Part of the problem is what people are buying these days. In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. This creates a lot of waste.

Another problem caused by online shopping is air pollution. When customers buy products and ask to receive them the next day, online businesses often have to send them by air. Airplanes use much more oil than cars and produce more carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）. When people buy a lot of different things from different online businesses, this creates even more travel by airplane.

Online product returns are also a problem. For example, an online shoe store may allow customers to return shoes for free if they are wrong size. This doubles the packing materials and number of airline trips required to sell one pair of shoes.

"If people want to protect the environment, they need to think before they shop," says Prost. "People need to ask themselves: Is this exactly what I want? Do I really need it tomorrow, or can I wait?" Online stores can also ask customers to pay money for returns. This may make people shop more carefully." Online shopping is fast and easy, "says Prost," but we can't forget the harmful result it has caused to the environment."

（1）The passage begins with several questions to .

A. introduce the main topic

B. describe online shopping

C. show the writer's opinion

D. list advantages of shopping

（2）What is the passage mainly about?

A. The Internet is not good to the environment.

B. Online shopping causes more air pollution.

C. Online shopping is bad for the environment.

D. Stop online shopping to protect the environment.

（3）Which of the following is to show that online shopping is wasteful?

A. Large products need more packing materials.

B. Paper use increased by 33 percent about ten years.

C. Businesses need to build a store to sell the products.

D. Online shopping costs less than shopping in a store.

（4）What is probably the best title of the passage?

A. A Good Deal to Make

B. A Different Lifestyle to Keep

C. A Cleaner Way to Shop

D. A New Business to Start

（5）Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage?（P=Paragraph）

A.

B.

C.

D.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物。

（1）意图判断题，根据 Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited.可知，以上的几个问题是为了引出网上购物的话题。故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据 Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment. 可知，短文主要在论述网上购物对环境的危害，故答案是C。

（3）细节理解题，根据 In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require

much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. 可知，网上购买的产品的包装浪费了大量的包装材料，故答案是A。

（4）标题判断题，文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物，故答案是C。

（5）篇章结构题，通过阅读发现第一二段是独立的，接下来的三段是并列部分对于第二段进行论证，最后一段是总结性段落是对前面三段的总结，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题涉及到的题型较多，包括目的意图题、细节理解题、标题判断题和篇章结构题。目的意图题需要找出句子之间的因果关系，细节理解题需要认真阅读，仔细在文中寻找答案，标题判断题需要抓住文章的中心，用精炼的短语概括中心，篇章结构题比较简单，一般来说只要能看明白文章的意思，就可以判定出它的结构方式。

10．根据短文内容判断正误。

If someone says to you: "give me five", do not search your pocket to get five yuan! It will make others laugh! The person's not asking for your money, but your fingers.

In the US, "give me five" or "give me the high five" is a popular gesture （动作）. You can see it often in films or on TV It means the clapping （拍） of each other's raised right hands together. People do it when they meet for the first time or something happy happens. For example, a student has good marks in exams or wins a lottery ticket （彩票）. If a football team wins a game, the players will give high fives to everyone around to celebrate.

This gesture may come from the old Roman gesture of raising the right arm for the emperor to show respect. This also showed that the person raising his am did not have a sword （刀） in his hand.

Why not try to give the high five to your friends?

（1）"Give me five" is a gesture to ask for money.

（2）The gesture "give me five" is the clapping of hands.

（3）When you get good grades in your exam，you give your friends high fives.

（4）The gesture started in America according to the story.

（5）The Romans raised the right arm without a sword in his hand for the emperor to show their respect to the emperor.

【答案】（1）0

（2）1

（3）1

（4）0

（5）1

【解析】【分析】主要讲了受欢迎的手势"give me five" or "give me the high five" 。

（1）细节题。根据If someone says to you: "give me five", do not search your pocket to get five yuan! It will make others laugh! The person's not asking for your money, but your fingers.可知"give me five"不是要钱的手势，而是要手指，故选错误。

（2）细节题。根据It means the clapping （拍） of each other's raised right hands together.可知意思是互相举起右手拍手，故选正确。

（3）细节题。根据People do it when they meet for the first time or something happy happens. For example, a student has good marks in exams or wins a lottery ticket （彩票）.可知当人们第一次见面或者发生了一些快乐的事情时，他们就会这么做，例如，一个学生考试成绩好或中了彩票。故选正确。

（4）细节题。根据This gesture may come from the old Roman gesture of raising the right arm for the emperor to show respect.可知这个手势可能来自古罗马的举右臂表示尊敬的手势。故选错误。

（5）细节题。根据This gesture may come from the old Roman gesture of raising the right arm for the emperor to show respect. This also showed that the person raising his am did not have a sword （刀）in his hand.可知这个手势可能来自古罗马的举右臂表示尊敬的手势这也表明，举起手臂的人手里没有剑。故选正确。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

11．阅读理解

For thousands of years, humans have explored（探索）the Earth. Nowadays, we are exploring space. Astronomers （天文学家） are the modern﹣day explorers, Now, many astronomers are looking for new planets and new places for humans to live in the future. But where do astronomers start looking？

First of all, astronomers look for a star. That's because our own Earth moves around a star （the Sun）. More importantly, it is the correct distance（距离） from the Sun for heat and light. So when astronomers have found the star, they look at the planets around it. In recent years, astronomers have found nearly 400 new planets with stars. However, many of these planets are either too near to the star or too far away.

However, if the planet is in a good position, astronomers look for three key things: water, air and rock. Water is important because all life needs water. Humans can drink it and they can also grow plants with water. And plants produce air for humans to breathe and food to eat. Rock on a planet is also important. That's because there is often water under the rock.

After many years of scrutinizing, astronomers have found a planet that is similar to the Earth. It's Gliese 581g and it's near a star. The astronomers think it has water and rock and the average （平均的） temperature is between -31℃ and -12℃.That's cold, but not colder than Antarctica or the Arctic Circle, for example. Gliese 581g is bigger than the Earth. A year on Gliese 581g is only 37 Earth days instead of 365. But astronomers do not think these are big differences and

some of them think Gliese 581g will be a new Earth. However, Gliese 58Ig is twenty light years from the Earth.

（1）What do astronomers have to find first before starting to look for a new place for humans to live？

A. new star.

B. A new planet.

C. Some heat.

D. Some light.（2）What does the rock on a planet tell us？

A. The star is in a right position.

B. We may discover water under it.

C. The planet is too near to the Sun.

D. There can be air around the rock.

（3）What does the underlined word "scrutinizing" mean in the last paragraph？

A. discussing.

B. waiting.

C. looking.

D. traveling.

（4）What's the main idea of the text？

A. Gliese 581g is already a new Earth.

B. There are planets similar to our Earth.

C. Water, air and rock are important.

D. Astronomers are looking for a new Earth.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述了天文学家寻找新的和地球一样的星球。

（1）细节理解题。根据First of all，astronomers look for a star.可知，首先，天文学家找一颗行星，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据Rock on a planet is also important.That's because there is often water under the rock.可知，星球上的岩石告诉我们在它下面可能有水，故选B。

（3）词义猜测题。根据上文Now，many astronomers are looking for new planets and new places for humans to live in the future.可知，现在，许多天文学家正在寻找新的星球和新的地方以供人类未来生活，判断本句句意为经过多年的观察（寻找），天文学家找到了一个与地球类似的星球，推出scrutinizing的意思为寻找，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。根据Now，many astronomers are looking for new planets and new places for humans to live in the future. But where do astronomers start looking？现在，许多天文学家正在寻找新的星球和新的地方以供人类未来生活，但是从哪儿开始找呢？本文主要介绍了天文学家寻找新的星球供人类未来生活，即天文学家在寻找新的地球，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

12．阅读理解

English is becoming more and more popular in China. It can be used in every field, such as on some signs and restaurant menus. But there are some problems when people use it. Perhaps

you've seen the English letters "WC" in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from native（地道的） English？In fact, foreigners from English﹣speaking countries seldom use the letters.

Workers in our city are changing "WC" signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.

"WC, or water closet, is old﹣fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me. "says Nancy, a young woman from the US. The old sign will become "Gents/Men" and "Ladies/Women". "I see much poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs, "she says, "I know what they mean, but they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me "My hometown is Guizhou Province", I know he or she should say "My hometown is in Guizhou Province". Hometown is a smaller place in a province. The common mistakes that Nancy picked up include "Not Entry", which should be "No Entry", "Direction of Airport" should be changed to "To the Airport". And it is "Room Rate", not "Room Price". And remember to "Keep off the Grass" rather than "Care of the Green".

The next time you walk on the street or eat in the restaurant, you can go and see if the expressions are right.

（1）Who seldom uses letters of "WC" according to the passage？

A. Chinese students.

B. Foreigners from other countries.

C. Teachers in China.

D. English﹣speaking foreigners.

（2）What's the attitude（态度）of the government towards the bad English on signs？

A. It's native.

B. It should be changed.

C. It doesn't matter.

D. It can be used on signs.（3）When Nancy sees much poor English in everyday life, .

A. she thinks it should be corrected

B. she thinks it is dirty

C. she thinks it is proper

D. she likes to use it

（4）Which of the following signs is Right？

A. Not Entry

B. Room Price

C. To the Airport

D. Care of the Green （5）What is the main idea of the passage？

A. Chinglish on menus.

B. Money spent on Chinglish.

C. Usages of native English.

D. Letters of "WC".

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了目前我国出现很多标志以及日常用的英语不地道，相关部门进行整改，以及采访了几个来自说英语国家对我国用汉语式英文的感受。

（1）细节题。根据原文In fact，foreigners from English﹣speaking countries seldom use the letters事实上，来自说英语国家的外国人很少用这个词，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据原文The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus政府花很多钱来改变所有不良的英文标志和餐馆的菜单，可知政府是认为要改变的，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据原文The common mistakes that Nancy picked up include "Not Entry"，which should be "No Entry"，"Direction of Airport" should be changed to "To the Airport". And it is "Room Rate"，not "Room Price". And remember to "Keep off the Grass" rather than "Care of the Green".Nancy发现的包括Not Entry，应该是No Entry，飞机场的方向应该改为To the Airport，Room Rate而不是Room Price，而且记住勿践踏草地是用Keep off the Grass而不是Care of the Green，可知她认为应该要把这些不标准的英文该改过来，故选A。

（4）细节题。根据原文"Direction of Airport" should be changed to "To the Airport". 飞机场的方向应该改为o the Airport，所以To the Airport的表达是正确的，故选C。

（5）主旨题。根据原文主要介绍了目前我国出现很多标志以及日常用的英语不地道，相关部门进行整改，以及采访了几个来自说英语国家对我国用汉语式英文的感受，可知主要在讲述地道英语的运用，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

13．阅读理解

When Justin Tong was a child, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him doing lots of housework such as carrying out the rubbish and sending newspapers. But when he grew up, he was better off than his childhood friends and lived a happier and healthier life.

This is the finding of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 children in London. It showed that the children who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and a happier future. "Children who worked in the home or community gained competence（能力） and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society," said Daniel Brown, the psychologist（心理学家）who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."

Brown's study followed these children in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Brown, the researchers compared the children's mental-health scores with their childhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.

Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings （基础） of emotional health.

They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.

Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said, "One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work."（1）What do we know about Justin Tong?

A. He enjoyed a happy life.

B. He felt sorry for the other kids.

C. He always sold newspapers.

D. He seldom collected rubbish.

（2）Who will probably succeed in the future according to Paragraph 2?

A. Children who enjoy happier and richer lives.

B. Children who work in the home or community.

C. Children who take part in Daniel Brown's study.

D. Children who feel good about people around them.

（3）How did Brown follow the children in his study?

A. By giving housework and praise.

B. By interviewing and giving scores.

C. By setting goals and showing love.

D. By solving problems and testing them.

（4）What's the purpose of the passage?

A. To talk about an interesting study.

B. To introduce Justin Tong's success.

C. To tell us about childhood activities.

D. To encourage children to work hard.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了童年时努力工作的孩子有一个更富裕、更幸福的未来，并且鼓励孩子们努力工作。

（1）细节题：根据"he was better off…and lived a happier and healthier life",可知，贾斯汀·汤过着幸福的生活，故选A。

（2）细节题：根据第二段第二行和第三行 "children who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and a happier future,"和之后的"Children who worked in the home or community competence … feel they were worthwhile"，可知童年时努力工作的孩子们有一个更加富裕和幸福的未来。“在家里或社区工作的孩子获得了能力，故在家或社区工作的孩子将来谁可能会成功，故选B。

（3）细节题：根据Brown's study followed these children in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Brown, the researchers compared the children's mental-health scores with their childhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems布朗的研

究非常详细地跟踪了这些孩子。采访在25、31和47岁时重复进行。在布朗的领导下，研究人员比较了孩子们的心理健康分数和他们的童年活动分数。兼职工作、家务、在校努力和处理问题的能力都得了分，可知布朗是通过面试和打分跟踪他书房里的孩子们的，故选B。

（4）主旨题：根据本文介绍了童年时努力工作的孩子有一个更富裕、更幸福的未来，故目的是鼓励孩子们努力工作，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

14．阅读理解

How do you turn your interests into a business （生意）? Mohammed Ali, 15, a teen gamer from Dewsbury in West Yorkshire, UK, is a good example.

At the age of 12, he learned how to code （编程） by using YouTube and even made his own video game. Users have to pay 5.99 pounds （56 yuan） per month to play the game. He has already made 30,000 pounds. He also makes websites and is working on a finance app （理财应用软件）, which will be open to the public in August.

Ali has saved lots of money for his future university costs and even bought two sofas for his family's living room.

"When I first started making money, I thought I'd just spend it all. Then I thought, why should I spend it all? I save most of it in the bank, because I want to do more in the future," he told the Daily Mail.

He became interested in computers when his parents bought him one at the age of 6. He often played video games on his computer. But after playing so many games, he decided to make his own.

Then, Ali learned how to code using YouTube videos and by reading books on the subject. In 2012，he made his own game called Project 2006 after working on it for seven months. It was a role-playing game and more than 3, 000 people are members. After his game became popular, he started a website-making business.

In the future, he wants to go to university and study computer science. "I'm looking forward to studying computer science, not business because I've got a lot of experience in business already," he told the Daily Star.

（1）What did Mohammed Ali do, according to the first two paragraphs?

A. He learned how to code for YouTube.

B. He made a video game by himself.

C. He started a video store and has made 287, 000 yuan.

D. He set up a website for people to do business.

（2）What did Ali do with the money?

A. He kept it to pay for university.

B. He spent it all on his family.