小学基础语法整理

一般疑问句

一般疑问句是以助动词和情态动词开头，语音语调上扬，一般回答为Yes/ No的句子分三种情况：

1、Be动词+主语……？

1）肯定句；I am a beautiful girl.

一般疑问句；Are you a beautiful girl?

2）肯定句；He is a student.

一般疑问句；Is he a student?

3）肯定句：They are drawing pictures.

一般疑问句：Are they drawing pictures?

2、情态动词（can，shall,may,should,must,will等）+主语……？

肯定句I can dance.

一般疑问句Can you dance?(做一般疑问句时会把I 改为you)

3、助动词+主语……？

肯定句I like drawing pictures.

一般疑问句Do you like drawing pictures.?

肯定句She likes drawing pictures..

一般疑问句Does she like drawing pictures.？

肯定句They saw some trees here last year.

一般疑问句Did they saw some trees last year?

一般疑问句的回答：

1）Is he a pupil? Yes,he is / No ,he isn’t.

2）Can she drive、Yes,she can./No,she can’t.

3）Do you like apples？Yes, I like./No,I don’t.

4）Does she like apples? Yes,she does/No,she doesn’t.

5）Did you go to the zoo yesterday? Yes,,I did/ No,I didn’t.

句子的种类

认识几个基本句子：

1．肯定句：表示肯定的意思, 即不含有否定词“不”。

比如：我是一个学生I am a student.

他去上学He goes to school.

2．否定句：表示否定的意思。

比如：我不是一个男孩。I am not a boy

他不去上学He does not go to school.

3. 一般疑问句：回答为“是yes”或者“否no”的问句。

比如：你是一个学生吗？Are you a student?

他去上学吗？Does he go to school?

4. 特殊疑问句：回答不是“是yes”或者“否no”的问句，根据提问内容具体回答。比如：现在几点了？What’s the time?

哪一支笔是你的？Which is your pen?

重点：肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换

am, is, are后面加上not,其余按顺序照抄。

肯定句变一般疑问句：把am, is, are提前放到句首并大写Am, Is, Are,其余照抄。

肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤

第一步：先变一般疑问句

第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分

第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。

注意：1.

如：Li ming is not here today.Who is not here today? 今天谁没来？

1．肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的互换

肯定句：This is a book.

否定句：

一般疑问句：Is this a book?

肯定回答：Yes, it is. 否定回答：No, it isn’t.

2．就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句)

This is a book.

第一步：变一般疑问句Is this a book?

第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词Is this what ?

第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What is this?

do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形

肯定句变一般疑问句：在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意：动词用原形

肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤

第一步：先变一般疑问句

第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分

第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。

注意：1.

2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。

非第三人称（常为几个人、几样东西）时用do, 第三人称(常为一个人、一样东西)时用does 肯定句：I like English.

否定句：

单三肯定句：He likes English.

否定句：

就划线部分提问：I like English.

第一步：先变一般疑问句Do you like English?

第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what?

第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What do you like?

否定句

特殊情况：

1.some变为any。如：

There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.

但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：

Would you like some orange juice?

与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。

2.and变为or。如：

I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.

3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：

They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.

There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）

→There isn't much orange in the bottle.

4.already变为yet。如：

I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.

特殊疑问句的具体做法：

对划线部分提问。（把各句变为特殊疑问句）

1、对主语（人）提问：y

The boy is running now. Who is running now?

2、对表语（人）提问：y

He is Lily’s father. Who is he ?

3、对介宾（人）提问：

She is looking for the little boy. Who is she looking for ?

4、对动宾（人）提问：

I often help Wei Hua with English. Who do you often help with English?

5、对间宾（人）提问：

Kate lent Tom a ball yesterday. Who did Kate lend a ball yesterday?

6、对主语（东西）提问：

The books are on the desk.. What are on the desk ?

7、对表语（东西）提问：

These are boats. What are these?

8、对动宾（东西）提问：y

I want a cup of tea. What do you want?

9对职业（提问）提问：

The man is a farmer. What is the man ? What does the man do?

10.对介宾（东西）提问：

He is looking for his pen. What is he looking for?

11、对是什么提问：

It’s a Chinese car. What is it?

12、对计算结果提问：

Six and nine is fifteen. What is six and nine?

13、对年级提问：

I’m in Grade Three. What grade are you in?

14、对班级提问：

Li Lei is in Class Five. What class is Li Lei in?

15、对年级和班级提问：

Wei Hua is in Class Three Grade One, What class and grade is Wei hua in ? 注：１、对年级、班级提问时，问句中的in 不能去掉．

18、对后置定语提问:

This is a map of China. What map is this ?

19、对颜色提问:

The flowers are red. What color are the flowers?

20、对几点几分提问:y

It’s six. What time i s it ? What’s the time?

21、对名字提问○:w

My name is Li Lei. What’s your name ?

22、对前置定语提问:

These apples are yours. Which apples are yours?

The best one is Lily’s. Which one is Lily’s?

23、对表语（名物代）提问:w

This cup is yours. Whose is the cup?

24、对后置定语提问:

The boy in the hat is my brother. Which boy is your brother?

25、对后置定语提问:

I want to buy the shirt on the left. Which shirt do you want to buy?

26、对主语（名物代）提问:

Mine is red. Whose is red?

27、对定语（形物代）提问:

They are my books. Whose books are they?

28、对定语（名词所有格）提问:

This is Lucy and Lily’s room. Whose room is this?

29、对表语（名词所有格）提问：

This cup is Kate’s. Whose is this cup?

30对身体提问：

I’m fine (well, OK, All right.) How are you?

31、对年龄提问：

The boy is fifteen. How old are you?

32、对天气提问：

It’s cloudy today. How is the weather today? =What’s the weather like today?

33、对语言提问：w

I can spell it in English. How can you spell it?

34、对方式提问：w

I often go to school on foot.(by bus ,by train , by bike···) How do you often go to school?

35、对程度提问：

She studies hard. How does she study?

36、对数量提问：

1,There are five birds in the tree. How many birds are there in the tree?

2,There is much water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle ?

37、对价格提问：The meat is ten yuan . How much is the meat?

38、对距离提问：

The factory is two kilometers from here. How far is the factory from here?

39、对长度提问：

The ruler is one metre long. How long is the ruler?

40、对for+一段时间提问：

We have stayed there for two hours. How long have you stayed there ?

He has lived here since 1997. How long has he lived here?

42、对in+一段时间提问：

The woman will go to the shop in five minutes. How soon the woman will go to the shop?

43、对频度副词提问：

Liu Ying often carries water for Uncle Li. How often does Liu Ying carry water for Uncle Li?

44、对范围内的次数提问：

I go swimming once a week in summer. How many times do you go swimming in summer?

45、对宽度提问：

The river is five metres wide. How wide is the river?

46、对原因状语提问：

He didn’t come to school because he was ill in bed. Why didn’t he come to school?

注：表示“因为”的连词有since, as , for, because.

47、对时间状语提问：

We usually come to school at seven in the morning. When do you usually come to school? 48、对地点状语提问：

The children sometimes play football on the playground. Where do the children sometimes play football?

50、对种类（后置定语）提问：

I want the cakes with nuts in them . What kind of cakes do you want?

51、对作什么提问：

The boys are playing in the tree. What are the boys doing in the tree?

熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。

1、数词

表示年龄：He is fifty-five. How old is he ?

表示时间：It’s fifty-five. What’s the time?

表示加法：Six and two is eight. What’s six and two?

表示价格：The shirt is thirty yuan . How much is the shirt?

表示多少：I have three brothers. How many brothers do you have?

2、姓名和人

表示人名：My name is Gina. What’s your name?

表示人：The woman is Gina. Who is the woman ?

3、长度和距离

表示距离：It’s five hundred metres away from here. How far is it from here? 表示长度：It’s five hundred metres. How long is it ?

4、颜色，东西

表示颜色：The shoes are white. What color are the shoes?

表示物：They are white sheep. What are they?

表示颜色：They are white sheep. What color are these sheep?

5、名词所有格和人

表示名词所有格：She’s Lucy’s sister. Whose sister is she?

表示人：She’s Lucy’s sister. Who is she?

，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：

Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？

What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？

Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? 咖啡和茶，你喜欢喝哪种？

What do you usually drink before dinner? 你饭前通常喝什么？

Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who 代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：

Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）

Who(m) are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）

To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who取代）