动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式

动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)

爬山是一项好运动。

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)

他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。

一、谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:

1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单

独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.

玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)

Mr.Victor came to our classroom [to have a talk with us] [last week].

维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)

2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形

式没有这种限制。

Larke like s the pop music.

拉克喜欢流行音乐。(动词用单数第三人称形式)

Larke has nothing to do today.

拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)

二、非谓语动词的特征:

(1) 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.

学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)

To help him is my duty.

帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)

(2) 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.

在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是working 的状语)

It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.

他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)

(3) 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.

对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more

beautiful.

从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。(Seen from...是分词的

被动形式)

(4) 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.

我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)

There are two big swimming pools here.

这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)三、非谓语动词的形式变化:

不 定式 主 动 被 动

一般 to write to be written

进行 to be writing /

 完成 to have written to have been written

完成进行 to have been writing /

现在分词 主 动 被 动

一般 writing being written

完成 having written having been written

过去分词 一般 written

动 名 词 主 动 被 动

一 般 writing being written

完成 having written having been written

四、动词不定式:

 (一)动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。

1 动词不定式作主语:

To mast a language is not an easy thing.

掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。

To teach English is my favorite.

教英语是我的爱好。

It's my pleasure to help you.

很乐意帮助你。

(动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作)

动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.

你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.

有必要找到目击者。

2 动词不定式作宾语:

某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.

What I wish is to learn English well.

我所希望的是把英语学好。

I like to help others if I can.

如果有可能的话,我喜欢帮助别人。

3 动词不定式作宾语补语。

We expect you to be with us.

我们希望你和我们在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.

请叫他快过来。

4 动词不定式作表语:

What I should do is to finish the task soon.

我应该做的是赶快完成任务。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.

当务之急是马上去找孩子。

5 动词不定式作定语:

There are many ways to solve the problem.

有许多方法能解决这个问题。

I have something important to tell you.

我有重要的事情要告诉你。

(不定式作定语表示“将要”;动名词表示“正在”或主动)

6 不定式作状语:

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.

我们去医院看了我们的老师。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.

她在做试验,从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。

(动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词,表示原因、目的和结果,动名词作状语修饰动词和句子,表示时间、

原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果。)

(二)动词不定式的否定形式:

not + to + 动词原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.

老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.

没告诉我们真是不公平。

(三)带疑问词的不定式:

疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。

Where to go is not known yet.

去什么地方还不知道。

I don't know when to begin.

我不知道什么时间开始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.

你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗?

Do you know how to get to the station.

你知道怎样去车站吗?

(四)带逻辑主语的不定式:

动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是:for + 逻辑主语+ 不定式。

注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式,for 本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。

It's necessary for us to help each other.

我们互相帮忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish,

有许多工作要我去完成。

(五)动词不定式的时态:

动词不定式一般时:表示动作和句中谓语动词的

I helped him put the things into the car.

我帮助他把东西放进了汽车。

I want to see you again.

我想再见到你。

Would you like to have a rest.

你愿意休息一下吗?

动词不定式完成时:表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。

We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.

对不起,我们让你久等了。

They seems to have known the answers.

他们好像知道了答案。

动词不定式进行时:表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,强调动作正在进行。

They seem to be working hard.

他们好像在努力工作。

动词不定式的被动形式:表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。

He is the man to be examined.

他是受检查的人。

There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。

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动词不定式用法 不定式是动词的一种非限定式,它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。 一、动词不定式的基本结构 动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to。不定式的否定形式是:not to+动词原形。在句中除不能作谓语外,其他成分都可作。如:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to的功能不同。介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语;而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。 speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话 to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语 二、动词不定式的用法 不定式在句中有各种作用,一般可归类为三种基本用法:作名词,作形容词,作副词。 (一) 不定式作名词的用法 不定式起名词作用,在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 ⒈作主语

名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。 To grow more trees here is very important. (=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。 To hear your voice is so nice. (=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。 To speak English well is not easy for me. (=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。 To walk to school takes me twenty minutes. (=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。 注意:在It is… to…”的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。通常不定式被视为第三人称单数,所以动词用is或was。 It is bad for your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 另外,不定式作主语的句子,同时有另外一个不定式作表语时,不能转换成“It is… to…”的句型。 To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。) 不能转换为:It is to believe to see. 2.作表语

动词不定式讲解

动词不定式的用法 概念: 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。 一、作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work ③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如: easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough ④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. 在句型④中,常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless(欠考虑的;不考虑的), brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。 注意:1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子主语时,动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句 型 对应性:To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 二、作宾语 1) 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语 afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到), appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),condescend (屈尊),consent(准许),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决心),endeavor (竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare (准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse (拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten (威胁),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓),want(想要),wish(希

详解动词不定式的五种

详解动词不定式的五种“式” 不定式根据其发生的时间不同以及所处的状语的不同,可以有一般式、完成式、进行式、完成进行式,同时根据它与逻辑主语的关系的不同,可以有主动式和被动式。如下表: 一、不定式一般式的用法 1. 表示未发生的动作 即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。如: I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我预计他明天到达。 I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。 The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建议我完全休息。 2. 表示同时发生的动作 即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。如: Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的?(say与heard几乎同时发生) I?m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。(to hear 略先于am sorry) 3. 表示一般情况 即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。如: Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。 None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。 二、不定式进行式的用法 1. 表示同时进行

即表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。如: He seems to be following us. 他似乎在跟着我们。 He pretended to be looking for a book. 他假装在找书。 I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived. 他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。 2. 表示将来 正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样,不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。如:You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸运的,能乘飞机走。 He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高兴。 I happened to be going that way. 我恰好也是到那里去。 I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out. 我答应在门口一直 等到他出来。 3. 表示一般情况 即看不出动作的先后关系,而是表示一种情况或现象。如: I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot. 我发现他似乎烟瘾很大。 Just to be doing something was a help. 做点事是有益处的。 You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小,不能交男朋友。 三、不定式完成式的用法 1. 表示比谓语动作更早的动作 即不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。 They are said to have left London. 据说他们已经离开伦敦。 I happened to have driven that kind of car before. 碰巧我过去曾开过那种汽车。 I?m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起给了你这么多麻烦。 2. 表示比某特定时间更早的动作 即表示在某个特定的时间之前已完成的动作。如: I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。

动词不定式的ing形式 总结

动词不定式、动名词形式总结 1. I regret to inform (inform)you of the bad news. 2. I immediately regret answering (answer)in the way I did. 3. He prefers walking (walk)to work every day. 4. I feel a bit tired ,and I’d prefer to take (take)a bus. 5. A policeman’s duty is protecting (protect) people’s safety. 6 .Your work tonight is to protect (protect) the witness from being attacked (attack). 7 . I must apologize for not letting (let) you know earlier. 8. I strongly object to being treated (treat) like a child. 9. The car needs cleaning (clean). 10. The computer wants repaired (repair)by an expect. 11. The books deserve to be read (read). 12. The books are worthy of to read (read). 13. It’s not use having (have) a car when you don’t know how to ride (ride) it . 14. It’s a waste of time fishing (fish) like you. 15. It’s nice meeting (meet) you. 16. It’s a pleasure going (go) there with you. 17. The police have had trouble/difficulty/problem keeping (keep) order. 18. I’ve had a hard time learning (learn) English. 19. Don’t forget to look (look) after my garden while I am on the trip. My flowers needs to be watered (water) at least twice a week . 20. The little girl is afraid to go (go) to school alone, for she is afraid of knocking (knock) down by the cars in the busy street. 21. After listening test, students then went on translating (translate) the sentences. 22. I don’t enjoy being laughed (laugh) attack by other people. 23. He hates answering (answer) the phone , and very often just lets it ring (ring) 24. They suggest going (go) to the Summer Palace ongoing National Day. 25. The young people intend to stay (stay) there for good. 26. I never expect to see (see) him again. 27. I hope to meet (meet) you when you come to Beijing. 28. He pretended not to see (not see) us , and walked quickly into a shop. 29 The boy admitted having broken (have broken) the window. 30. They reduce to do (do) anything that is against the law. 31. Many people prefer living (live) in the countryside. 32. We won’t go outside today, if you prefer to stay (stay) at home. 33. He teaches driving (drive) inform his spare time. 34. He says he is going to teach me to drive (drive) a car today. 35. We didn’t come for a visit, we mean to stay (stay). 36. Missing the train means waiting (wait) for two hours. 37. A great number of students helped to build (build) the park. 38. We couldn’t help laughing (laugh) when we heard the joke. 39 .If you can’t sleep, try lying (lie) on your side. 40. Try to finish (finish) your work within two weeds.

动词不定式(基础讲解)

动词不定式 【概念引入】 1. 动词不定式名言: (1)动词不定式作表语 To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。 (2)动词不定式作主语 It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。 (3)不定式作宾语 Expect to be treated as you have treated others. 你怎样待别人,就指望别人怎样待你。 (4)不定式作宾补 Adversity causes some men to break,others to break records. 逆境使一些人崩溃,也使一些人破记录。 (5)不定式作定语 There is a time to talk and a time to act. 该说的时候说,该做的时候做。 (6)不定式作目的状语 To find the exact answer,one must first ask the exact question. 要找到确切的答案,首先必须提出确切的问题。 2. 动词不定式定义: 动词不定式是一种非谓语形式(不能作谓语),基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志,无意义,可以不翻译) 肯定式:to + 动词原形 否定式:not to + 动词原形 【用法讲解】 1.动词不定式的特征 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用 动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 (1)动词不定式作主语。例如: To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好。 It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。 (2)动词不定式作宾语。 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask等。例如: I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话,我喜欢帮助别人。 I want to buy a new car when I have enough money. 我有钱时想买一辆新车。

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的对象,即是一种动宾关系时,不定式用被动形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的执行者,即是一种主动关系时,不定式用主动形式。 在某些情况下,不定式虽然与所说明的人或物是动宾关系,但仍用主动形式。这种不定式主动形式表示被动意义的情况主要有下列几种: 一、当不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: I have a meeting to attend. 我有个会议要参加。(to attend与I有主谓关系) Give him some books to read. 给他一些书看。(to read与him有主谓关系) 如果不属于上述情况,则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句: 1. Have you anything to do this afternoon? 你今天下午有事要做吗? 2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ? 你有什么东西要带到城里去吗? 句1中主语you与不定式to do存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,to do实际上指的是you的动作,所以用主动形式表示被动意义;而句2中主语you与不定式to take不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式所指的并非是you的动作,所以仍要用被动形式to be taken表示被动意义。 二、当不定式在"There be..."句型中用作定语修饰主语而表示被动意义时,一般情况下,既可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式。在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。例如: There is no time to lost (to be lost). 时间紧迫,不能耽误了。 There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of). 还有好多事要处理。 但是应该注意以下两点: (1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语,那么用主动形式或被动形式则须视sb. 是其动作的发出者或承受者而定。例如: There are still many questions for us to discuss. 我们还有许多问题要讨论。

初中动词不定式用法及练习

动词不定式用法及练习 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 构成:to do .否定式not to do 常见时态:一般时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done 完成进行式to have been doing 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分 1、作句子的主语:现实中常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动词不定式(或短语)后置。 比较下列句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White. To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school. 句型总结 It is + adj. + of sb. to do…= sb. is\are +adj. +to do…在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等)作表语时,不定式之前常加一个引起的短语,说明不定式指的是谁的情况。(可以理解为某人的好,坏,聪明,愚蠢,对,错等等) It is very kind of you to help me. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do…≠ sb. is\are +adj. +to do…如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语,即不定式的逻辑主语。 It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English. 2、作句子的表语:不定式放在be 动词后面,用作表语如: Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. My dream is to own a robot. The doctor’s suggestion is to take more exercise. The best way is to talk to your parents. His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer. My purpose is to help you solve this problem. 3、作句子的宾语:不定式放在及物动词后,用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词(及物)很多,常见的有want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend, I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. They began to read and write. She forgot to close the door. He wanted to borrow my CD player. I hope to speak English well. The workers demanded to get better pay. I hope to hear from you soon. John doesn’t want to be the host of the charity show. They are trying to solve the problem by himself. Millions of people have learned to use computers.

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