财务管理专业英语(吐血整理)

财务管理专业英语(吐血整理)
财务管理专业英语(吐血整理)

Topic1:

1、Financial management is an integrated decision-making process concerned with acquiring, financing, and managing assets to accomplish some overall goal within a business entity.

财务管理是为了实现一个公司总体目标而进行的涉及到获取、融资和资产管理的综合决策过程。

2、Making financial decisions is an integral part of all forms and sizes of business organizations from small privately-hold forms to large publicly-traded corporations.

做财务决策对于所有形式和规模的商业组织,无论是小型私人公司还是大型公开上市公司,都是不可分割的一部分。

3、In today’s rapidly changing environment, the financ ial manager must have the flexibility to adapt to external factors such as economic uncertainty, global competition, technological change, volatility of interest and exchange rates, changes in laws and regulations, and ethical concerns.

在当今瞬息万变的环境中,财务经理必须具备足够的灵活性以适应外部因素,如经济的不确定性、国际竞争、技术变革、利息波动、汇率变动、法律法规变化以及商业道德问题。

4、The process of planning and managing a firm's long-term investments is called capital budgeting

规划和管理一个公司的长期投资的过程是资本预算。

5、Net working capital defined as current assets minus current liabilities 净营运资本定义为流动资产减去流动负债。

6、Money begets(or breeds or gets) money

钱产生钱(或品种或获取)。

7、The financial manager also acts as a liaison between others in the finance department and management personnel from other departments

财务经理也要在财务部和管理部门的人员之间扮演联络人角色。

8、By issuing common stock,the firm dilutes the control of current owners but does not have to repay the funds obtained from the stock sale

通过发行普通股,公司稀释了现有股东的控制权,但不需要偿还出售股票获得的资金。

9、Although considerable debate exists over the precise model for

estimating risk and return ,few contest the notion of a risk-return tradeoff

尽管估计风险和回报的精确模型存在着相当大的争议,但很少人反对风险收益权衡这一概念。

10、chief executive officer:总裁、首席执行官(简称C.E.O.)

11、stock offering:股票发行

Topic2:

1、GM's senior managers rebuffed the shareholders

通用汽车公司的高级管理人员拒绝了股东。

2、Agency problems involving the separation of ownership and management and mechanisms for aligning the interests of owners and managers

代理问题涉及所有权和经营权的分离及所有者与管理者利益的结合机制。

3、The drawbacks are that it is non-transferable ,has a limited life and a limited pool of funds ,and the proprietor has unlimited liability

缺点是,它是不可转让的,期限有限,资金有限,而且业主承担无限责任。

4、This means that the corporation can own assets,enter into contracts ,sue and be sued

这意味着公司可以拥有自己的资产,签订合同,起诉与被起诉。

5、These provide most of incorporation's benefits but do not relieve the participants of professional malpractice(失职)

这些给公司提供大部分的利益但不减轻会员的专业事故。

6、profit maximization focuses on accounting profits,lack a time dimension and ignores risk

利润最大化的重点是会计利润,缺乏时间维度,忽视风险。

7、Some dissertation exists on whether the criterion should be the maximization of market value of the stockholders or that of the firm

一些论文讨论应是以股东还是公司的市场价值最大化为标准。

8、This single-valued objective serves as a prerequisite for rational behavior within an organization

这种单一价值目标作为组织内合理行为的先决条件。

9、The corporate objective function assumes that managers operate in the best interests of stockholders,not themselves,and not attempt to

expropriate wealth from lender to benefit stockholders

企业的目标函数假定管理者为了股东的最佳利益工作,而不是自己的,而且不会征用债务人的财富来使股东受益。

10、Agency problems are said to result from the divergence in interest 代理问题来源于利益的差异化。

11、managers may squander(浪费)corporate funds on excessively lavish corporate offices and jets

管理者会浪费企业资金,用于奢华的公司办公室和设备。

12、corporation whose shares are held by a few individuals are called closely held corporation

公司股份由少数人持有,这样的公司称为控股公司。

13、A few possibilities include maximizing revenues(总收入),profits ,earning per share(每股收益),returns,market share,or social good 可能包括收入的最大化,利润,每股收益,回报,市场份额,或社会福利。

14、sole proprietorship:个人独资企业

15、tender offer:要约收购

16、principal-agent or agency relationship:委托-代理关系(代理关系)

17、stock options:股票期权

Topic5:

1、For most of us,taking the money in the present is just plain instinctive 对于我们大多数人来说,拿了钱,在目前只是普通的本能。

2、Annuity due,in which the first cash flow in the series occurs at the beginning of each period

先付年金,是指一系列中的第一次现金流量发生在每个阶段的开始。

3、The notion that money has time value is intuitively appealing.

金钱有时间价值这一概念直观的吸引人。

4、The interest rate is in essence a specialized form of time value of money,and pertain s generally to the use of debt instruments.

利率在本质上是货币时间价值的特殊形式,一般涉及债务工具的使用。

5、Most credit card holders are acutely aware of the implications of

missing an interest payment as this amount is then added to the outstanding balance to calculate the amended amount owing!

大多数信用卡持有人都能敏锐地意识到这种错过利息支付的暗示,因为这个数目会被加到未付余额中以计算修正后的欠款数目!

6、There are three basic approaches to valuing financial assets--discounted cash flow(DCF) valuation,relative valuation,and contingent claim valuation.

有三种基本方法评估资产—贴现现金流,相对估值,和或有要求权估价。

7、Term to maturity or simply maturity of a bond is the length of time until the agreement expire s.

债券的到期时间是直到协议到期的这段时间。

8、Because a call provision is beneficial to the issuer,the issuer usually has to offer investors some enticement s to sell such a bond.

因为赎回条款对发行人有益,发行人通常为投资者提供一些诱惑来出售这种债券。

9、A sinking fund provision permits the issuer to retire a bond through a series of predefined principal payments over the life of the issue.

偿债基金条款要求发行人在偿债期间通过一系列预先支付的基金来

偿还债券。

10、The trustee monitors the issuer to ensure that he complies(comply) with all terms of the indenture.

受托人监督发行人,保证他遵守契约的所有条款。

11、Unsecured debt,also called a debenture,represents bonds raised without any collateral.

信用借贷,也被称为信用债券,代表了没有任何抵押额债券。

FVIFA(future value interest factor for annuities):年金终值系数

PVIFA( present value interest factor for annuities):年金现值系数

Topic6:

1、It disregard s the fact that a project is only one asset within a firm's portfolio of assets and that a firm's stock is only one stock in most investor's portfolios.

它忽视这样一个事实:项目只是公司的投资组合资产中的一个资产,公司的股票只是在大多数投资者的投资组合中的一只股票。

2、The uncertainty of future outcomes is usually expressed in terms of probability and plotted in a probability distribution which can be

expressed as an equation called the probability distribution function.

未来结果的不确定性通常表示为条件概率和绘制的概率分布,它可以表示为一个方程称为概率分布函数。

3、This assumption greatly simplifies investment analysis,as two parameter s,the expected return (mean) and the standard deviation,are sufficient to completely describe the probability distribution of all financial returns.

这一假设大大简化了投资分析,作为两种参数,预期收益(平均)和标准偏差,足以完全描述所有投资回报的概率分布。

4、They are symmetrical with densities more concentrated in the middle than in the tails.

他们是对称的,而且中间比两边更密集。

5、Hence,the price is inelastic(无弹性的) with respect to the output so the price graph is horizontal.

因此,价格在输出方面的无弹性导致价格图水平。

6、In efficient markets,prices become not predictable but random,so no investment pattern can be discerned(察觉).

在有效市场中,价格变得不可预测且随机,所以看不出投资模式。

7、Hence,only new and unanticipated information trigger s stock price changes.

因此,只有新的和意想不到的信息,引发股票价格的变化。

8、The fact that portfolio variance also depends on security covariance added to the plausibility of the approach.

事实上,投资组合方差也取决于证券协方差和方法的合理性。

9、Therefore,the relevant risk of an individual stock,which is called its beta coefficient.

因此,个人股票的相关风险,即它的β系数。

price taker(s) :价格接受者

post-earnings announcement drift:期后盈余披露

mean-variance efficient frontiers:均值方差有效边际

arbitrage pricing theory(APT):套利定价理论

Topic7:

1、The world largest markets of software and personal computers

respectively,planned to work together to develop ,test,validate or ensure that products conform to standards and deploy new products

世界最大的软件和个人电脑市场,计划共同开发,测试,证实或确保产品符合标准和部署新产品。

2、another is to classify them according to the degree of their dependence on other projects into independent and mutually exclusive projects

另一个分类是根据其依赖于其他项目的程度分为独立的和互不相容的项目。

3、mutually exclusive projects are those in which the acceptance of one project precludes the acceptance of others

互不相容的项目是指一个项目的实施阻止其他项目的实施。

4、the firm forgoes the opportunity to employ the asset in its alternative use

该公司放弃该资产用于其他用途的机会。

5、For internal reporting purposes,accountants often allocate existing overhead , such as general and administrative expenses

对内报表,会计通常分配现有的制造费用,如一般费用及管理费用。

6、A project's residual value will be the disposal value of the project's assets,less any dismantling(分解成本)and removal(转移成本)costs associated with the termination(结束,终止)of projects

一个项目的残余价值等于项目资产的处置价值减去与项目结束时有关的分解成本和转移成本。

7、Discounted payback period is the length of time required for an investment's cumulative discounted cash flows to equal Zero

折现回收期是指投资累计折现现金流量等于零所需时间的长度。

8、Underlying this method is the notion that a firm is more inclined to adopt a project if it can recover its initial outlay quickly

这种方法的基本概念是一个企业更倾向于采取一个可以很快收回其初始投资成本的项目。

9、Sometimes a company's managers believe that they are prevented from undertaking all acceptable projects because of a shortage of funds。Capital rationing is the term used to describe such a situation

有时,一个公司的经理认为因资金短缺他们无法承担所有可接受的项目。资本限额就是用来描述这样的情况。

10、So a percentage of all projects undertaken by any reasonably aggressive firm will necessarily go awry

所以任意合理积极的公司从事的所有项目的一部分必然会出错。Topic8:

?1、This issuing corporation receives the proceeds from the sale of the new securities

发行公司收到销售证券的收益。

2、Investment banks neither take deposits nor make loans

投资银行不接受存款和贷款。

3、Regulations prohibit issuing corporations from stabilizing their shares to prevent them from manipulating their share price

规定禁止发行公司稳定他们的股票以防止他们操纵股价。

4、A rights offer,also called a privileged subscription,involves initially offering the securities to the firm's existing stockholders

认股权发行,也被称为特权认购,意味着最先向公司现有的股东发行证券。

5、Conferring instant superwealth on a few talented and lucky entrepreneurs

赋予少数有才干的人和幸运企业家即时巨大的财富。

6、Secondary markets exist for bonds , stocks, options, future contracts , and other financial assets

二级市场存在的债券,股票,期权、期货合约和其他金融资产。

7、But this breakdown is sufficient to show that there are many types of financial markets

但此破裂足以表明,有多种类型的金融市场。

8、And a reluctance on the part of individual countries to give up control over their national monetary policies

个别国家部分不愿意放弃对自己国家的货币政策的控制。

9、A derivative is any security whose value is derived from the price of some other underlying asset

一个衍生工具其价值是从一些其他标的资产的价格中获得的。

10、Investment banks provide three major services in handing a new security issue : advising ,underwriting ,and ,marketing

投资银行提供三大服务:在移交一个新的安全问题提供咨询,包销,营销。

11、Underwriting is the act of buying a new security form a company and reselling it to investors

包销是从一个公司购买新的证券再转售给投资者。

12、An investment banker that acts to guarantee the sale of a new securities issue by buying the securities for subsequent resale to the public is called an underwriter

投资银行家通过购买证券随后转售给公众以保证新证券发行的销售量,被称为一个担保人。

13、A publicly held firm can often attract better managers by offering them incentive stock options ,which allow managers to buy shares of the firm's stock at a predetermined price

公众持有的公司往往能吸引更好的管理者,通过向他们发行激励性股票期权,这让管理者以事先确定的价格购买公司股票的股份。

14、Many corporate charters include a preemptive right giving existing stockholders the right to buy new shares of common stock issued in proportion to their current ownership

许多公司章程,包括优先权,给现有股东购买新普通股份额的权利,(以保证)其在目前的所有权中的比例。

15、Companies use other sources of financing to a lesser extent such as convertible debt

公司使用程度较轻的其他融资来源,比如可转换债券。

16、Fortunately , these financial assets usually constitute a small percentage capital of most firms

幸运的是,这些金融资产通常构成大多数企业一个很小的百分比资本。

Topic9:

1、We also discuss the Modigliant-Miller theorem of capital structure irrelevance for a firm when there are no taxes or other market frictions .我们也讨论了公司在没有税务或其他市场摩擦时MM的资本结构无关理论。

2、What's more, there is a range of securities that share some characteristics with debt and some with equity and are therefor called hybrid securities

更重要的是,有一系列的证券共享有一些债券和一些股权的特征,因此叫做混合证券。3、Thus, smaller and riskier businesses are more likely to seek venture capital and are also more likely to be asked to give up a greater share of the firm when receiving the venture capital.因此,更小更有风险的公司更有可能去寻求风险资本, 当接受风险资本时也更容易被要求放弃更大的公司享有份额。4、One alternative used

successfully by Japanses companies in the late 1980s was warrants,where the holders received the right to buy shares in the company at a fixed price sometime in the future in return for paying for the warrants up front.日本公司在1980年代晚期的一次成功选择就是使用了认股权证。就是先购买认股权证,作为回报持有者有在将来的某个时间以固定的价格购买公司份额的权利。5、To the degree that the market overestimates how risky a firm is,the firm may gain by using warrants and option-like securities.在某种程度上,当市场对一家公司风险评估过高时,这家公司通过发行认股权证和类期权证券可能获得利润。

6、A lease agreement is usually categorized as either an operating lease or a capital lease.一个租赁协议通常分为经营租赁或融资租赁。

7、Operating leverage,Other things the same,a firm with less operating leverage is better able to employ financial leverage because it will have less business risk. 经营杠杆,和其他的一样,一家公司使用更少的经营杠杆可能比使用财务杠杆更好,因为它将降低业务风险。

财务管理专业英语 句子及单词翻译

Financial management is an integrated decision-making process concerned with acquiring, financing, and managing assets to accomplish some overall goal within a business entity. 财务管理是为了实现一个公司总体目标而进行的涉及到获取、融资和资产管理的综合决策过程。 Decisions involving a firm’s short-term assets and liabilities refer to working capital management. 决断涉及一个公司的短期的资产和负债提到营运资金管理 The firm’s long-term financing decisions concern the right-hand side of the balance sheet. 该公司的长期融资决断股份资产负债表的右边。 This is an important decision as the legal structure affects the financial risk faced by the owners of the company. 这是一个重要的决定作为法律结构影响金融风险面对附近的的业主的公司。 The board includes some members of top management(executive directors), but should also include individuals from outside the company(non-executive directors). 董事会包括有些隶属于高层管理人员(执行董事),但将也包括个体从外公司(非执行董事)。 Maximization of shareholder wealth focuses only on stockholders whereas maximization of firm value encompasses all financial claimholders including common stockholders, debt holders, and preferred stockholders. 股东财富最大化只集中于股东,而企业价值最大化包含所有的财务债券持有者,包括普通股股东,债权人和优先股股东。 Given these assumptions,shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run。 根据这些假设,从长期来看,股东财富最大化与利益相关者和社会的最好利润是相一致的。 No competing measure that can provide as comprehensive a measure of a firm’s standi ng. Given these assumptions, shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run. 没有竞争措施,能提供由于全面的一个措施的一个公司的站。给这些臆说,股东'财富最大化一贯不比任何人差项目干系人项目利益相关者的利益,社会从长远说来。 In reality, managers may ignore the interests of shareholders, and choose instead to make investment and financing decisions that benefit themselves. 在现实中,经理可能忽视股东的利益,而是选择利于自身的投资和融资决策。 Financial statements are probably the important source of information from which these various stakeholders(other than management) can assess a firm’s financial health. 财务报表可能是最重要的信息来源,除管理者以外的各种利益相关者可以利用这些报表来评估一个公司的财务状况。 The stockholders’ equity section lists preferred stock, common stock and capital surplus and accumulated retained earnings. 股东权益列示有优先股,普通股,资本盈余和累积留存收益。 The assets, which are the “things” the company owns, are listed in the order of decreasing liquidity, or length of time it typically takes to convert them to cash at fair market values, beginning with the firm’s current assets. 资产,也就是公司拥有的东西,是按照流动性递减的顺序或将它们转换为公允市场价值所需要的时间来排列的,通常从流动资产开始。The market value of a firm’s equity is equal to the number of shares of common stock outstanding times the price per share, while the amoun t reported on the firm’s balance sheet is basically the cumulative amount the firm raised when issuing common stock and any reinvested net income(retained earnings). 公司权益的市场价值等于其发行在外的普通股份数乘以每股价格,而资产负债表上的总额则主要是公司在发行普通股以及分配任何再投资净收益(留存收益)时累积的数额。 When compared to accelerated methods, straight-line depreciation has lower depreciation expense in the early years of asset life, which tends to a higher tax expense but higher net income. 与加速折旧法相比,直线折旧法在资产使用年限的早期折旧费用较低,这也会趋向于较高的税金费用和较高的净收入。 The statement of cash flows consists of three sections:(1)operating cash flows,(2)investing cash flows, and(3)financing cash flows. Activities in each area that bring in cash represent sources of cash while activities that involve spending cash are uses of cash. 该声明现金流量表包含三个部分:(1)经营现金流,(2)投资的现金流,(3)融资现金流。在每个地区活动带来现金来源的现金而代表活动涉及到花钱是使用现金 Financing activities include new debt issuances, debt repayments or retirements, stock sales and repurchases, and cash dividend payments. 筹资活动,包括发行新债券,偿还债务,股票销售和回购,以及现金股利支付。 Not surprisingly, Enron’s executives had realized some $750 million in salaries, bonuses and profits from stock options in the 12 months before the company went bankrupt. 毫不奇怪, 公司破产前的十二个月里,安然的高管们实现了7.5亿美金的工资、奖金和股票期权利润。First, financial ratios are not standardized. A perusal of the many financial textbooks and other sources that are available will often show differences in how to calculate some ratios. 首先,财务比率不规范。一个参考的许多金融教科书及来源,可将经常表现出差异如何计算一些率。 Liquidity ratios indicate a firm’s ability to pay its obligations in the short run. 流动性比率表明公司的支付能力在短期内它的义务。 Excessively high current ratios, however, may indicate a firm may have too much of its long-term investor-supplied capital invested in short-term low-earning current assets. 当前的比率过高,然而,可能表明,一个公司可能有太多的长期 investor-supplied资本投资于短期low-earning流动资产 In an inflationary environment, firms that use last-in, first-out(LIFO)inventory valuation will likely have lower current ratios than firms that use first-in, first-out(FIFO). 在一个通货膨胀的环境下,企业选择使用后进先出法对存货计价的公 司比采用先进先出法的公司有一个低的流动比率。 The cash ratio is too conservative to accurately reflect a firm’s liquidity position because it assumes that firms can fund their current liabilities with only cash and marketable securities. 流动比率太稳健不能正确反映一个公司的流动性状况,因为在这一比率假定公司仅仅用现金和有价证券就可以偿还流动负债。 Debt management ratios characterize a firm in terms of the relative mix of debt and equity financing and provide measures of the long-term debt paying ability of the firm. 描述一个公司债务管理比率从相对的混合的债务和股权融资的措施, 提供长期偿债能力的公司。 Total capital includes all non-current liabilities plus equity, and thus excludes short-term debt. 资本总额包括所有非流动负债加上股本,从而排除短期贷款。 Net profit margins vary widely by the type of industry. 有着很大的不同,其净利润为典型的产业。 Note that earnings before interest and taxes, rather than net income, Is used in the numerator because interest is paid with pre-tax dollars, and the firm’s ability to pay current interest is not affected by taxes. 注意,分子中用的是息税前利润而不是净收入,这是因为利息是税前支付的,公司支付现金利息的能力不受税收的影响。 Managers should analyze the tradeoff between any increased sales from a more lenient credit policy and the associated costs of longer collection periods and more uncollected receivables to determine whether changing the firm’s credit sales policy could increase shareholder’s we alth. 管理者应该分析权衡增加的销售从一个更为宽松的信贷政策和相关费用较长的周期和更多的应收账款收集来决定是否改变公司的信用销售的政策可能会增加股东的财富。 If the receivables collection period exceeds a firm’s credit terms this may indicate that a firm is ineffective in collecting its credit sales or is granting credit to marginal customers. 如果应收账款采集时间超过公司的信用条款这也许说明了企业信用销售收集它无效或给予客户信用边缘。 A low, declining ratio may suggest the firm has continued to build up inventory in the face of weakening demand or may be carrying and reporting outdated or obsolete inventory that could only be sold at reduced prices, if at all. 一个低税率、下降率可能显示这个公司已经持续不断地加强库存面对需求不断减弱或可能携带和报告过期或过时的库存,只能减价出售。Thus, the operating profit margin, which indicates the operating profit generated per dollar of net sales, measures t he firm’s operating profitability before financing costs. 因此,经营利润,预示着美元营业利润产生的净销售额,公司的经营利润措施在融资成本。 If the firm’s fixed assets are old and have been depreciated to a low book value, and the assets have not lost their productive ability, the low figure in the denominator will inflate ROA. 如果公司固定资产比较旧,分母的减少会是ROA折旧到低的账面价值,但是资产并没有失去生产能力。 Return on common equity(ROCE) focuses on just the return to common shareholders and is computed by removing the dividends to preferred shareholders from net income and dividing by the capital provided by common shareholders. 普通股权益报酬率仅仅关注普通股股东的报酬率,用净收入扣除优先股股利除以普通股股东提供的资本计算得到。 Dividend yield represents parts of a stock’s total return; another part of a st ock’s total return is price appreciation. 代表部分股息率的股票总回报;另一部分是一个股票的总回报价格上涨。 In fact, of all the concepts used in finance, none is more important than the time value of money, also called discounted cash flow(DCF) analysis. 事实上,财务上所有的概念中,货币时间价值是最重要的,也称作是折现调整现金流量折价分析。

信息管理专业英语第二版参考答案

Unit 1 【Ex1、】根据课文内容,回答以下问题。 1.In human terms and in the broadest sense, information is anything that you are capable of perceiving、 2.It includes written communications, spoken communications, photographs, art, music, and nearly anything that is perceptible、 3.If we consider information in the sense of all stimuli as information, then we can’t really find organization in all cases、 4.No、 5.Traditionally, in libraries, information was contained in books, periodicals, newspapers, and other types of recorded media、People access it through a library’s catalog and with the assistance of indexes, in the case of periodical and newspaper articles、 https://www.360docs.net/doc/f72378299.html,puterized “information systems”、 7.The problem for most researchers is that they have yet to discover the organizing principles that are designed to help them find the information they need、 8.For library materials, the organizing principle is a detailed subject classification system available for searching in an online “catalog”、 9.The one thing common to all of these access systems is organization、 10.No, it isn’t、 【Ex2、】根据给出的汉语词义与规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。 n.取回,恢复,修补;检索retrieval n.机械装置,机构,机制mechanism adj.特有的,表示特性的,典型的characteristic n.分类,分级classification n.风格,方式,样式,习惯manner n.文件,公文document vt.解释,说明Interpret vt.使自动化,自动操作automate n.分类assortment n.法则,原则,原理principle n.排列,安排arrangement n.&vt.访问,存取access n.浏览器;浏览书本的人browser n.目录catalog n.索引index n.材料,原料,物资,素材material

财务管理外文文献及翻译--跨国公司财务

附录A:外文文献(译文) 跨国公司财务 有重大国外经营业务的公司经常被称作跨国公司或多国企业。跨国公司必须考虑许多并不会对纯粹的国内企业产生直接影响的财务因素,其中包括外币汇率、各国不同的利率、国外经营所用的复杂会计方法、外国税率和外国政府的干涉等。 公司财务的基本原理仍然适用于跨国企业。与国内企业一样,它们进行的投资项目也必须为股东提供比成本更多的收益,也必须进行财务安排,用尽可能低的成本进行融资。净现值法则同时适用于国内经营和国外经营,但是,国外经营应用净现值法则时通常更加复杂。也许跨国财务中最复杂的是外汇问题。当跨国公司进行资本预算决策或融资决策时,外汇市场能为其提供信息和机会。外汇、利率和通货膨胀三者的相互关系构成了汇率基本理论。即:购买力平价理论、利率平价理论和预测理论。 跨国公司融资决策通常要在以下三种基本方法中加以选择,我们将讨论每种方法的优缺点。 (1) 把现金由国内输出用于国外经营业务; (2) 向投资所在国借贷; (3) 向第三国借贷。 1专业术语 学习财务的学生通常会听到一个单词总在耳边嗡嗡作响:全球化( g l o b a l i z a t i o n )。学习资金市场的全球化必须首先掌握一些新的术语,以下便是在跨国财务中,还有本章中最常用到的一些术语: (1) 美国存托证(American Depository Receipt,ADR)。它是在美国发行的一种代表外国股权的证券,它使得外国股票可在美国上市交易。外国公司运用以美元发行的ADR,来扩大潜在美国投资者群体。ADR以两种形式代表大约690家外国公司:一是在某个交易所挂牌交易的ADR,称为公司保荐形式;另一种是非保荐形式,这些ADR通常由投资银行持有并为其做市。这两种形式的ADR均可由个人投资和买卖,但报纸每天只报告保荐形式

信息管理专业英语 unit1-12 单词以及句子翻译

专业英语 一、专业术语 RFID射频识别IOT物联网Cloud Computing云计算ANN神经网络BI商业智能E-business /Web-business / e-commerce电子商务KM知识管理GIS地理信息系统PDA掌上电脑Bluetooth蓝牙技术CAD计算机辅助设计CMD计算机辅助制作branch manager部门经理binary format二进制格式USB(Universal Serial Bus)通用串行总线computer case计算机机箱 temporary storage of information临时存储信息floppy disk软盘CD-ROM只读光盘textual源代码video card视频卡,显卡sound card音频卡,声卡 DVD数字化视频光盘SISP战略信息系统计划Project Management项目管理Human Resources人力资源End-User Systems Development最终用户系统开发rolling business plans流动业务计划MIS(management information system)管理信息系统DB(database)数据库DBMS(database Management system)数据库管理系统DSS(decision support system)决策支持系统operational manager运营经理Senior manager 高级经理semi-structured decision半结构化决策 ANS(Advanced Network&Service)高级网络及服务公司 TPS(Transaction Processing systems)事务管理系统 KWS(Knowledge Work Systems)只是工作系统GRASP绘制机器人技术应用软件包OAS(Office Automation Systems)办公自动化系统 ESS(Executive Support Systems)经理支持系统 EIS(Executive Information Systems)经理信息系统 OLAP(on-line analytical processing)联机分析处理 GIS(Group Information Systems)集群信息系统 GDSS(Group Decision Support Systems)集群决策支持系统 MIT(Management Information technology)管理信息技术 RAD(rapid application development)快速应用开发 Two-way communications 双工通讯client-server environment 客户服务环境Data warehouse 数据仓库logistics information systems 物流信息系统 ERP(Enterprise resource planning)企业资源规划 CRM(customer relationship Management)客户关系管理 OOD(Object-Oriented design)面向对象设计 OOP(Object0Oriented Programming)面向对象编程 HLLs(High Level Languages)高级语言ADTs(Abstract Data Types)抽象数据类型Software Ics软件的组成单元machine code机器码op-code输出码 EDI(Electronic Data interchange)电子数据交换 SMEs(small and medium sized enterprises)中小企业 B2B企业对企业电子商务B2C企业对用户电子商务 CERT(Character Error Rate Tester)字符出错率测试器 CIAS(Communication Link Analyzer System)通信链路分析系统 IMS(Information Management System)管理信息系统 NDMS(Netware Data Management System)网络数据管理系统

财务管理外文翻译

财务风险管理 尽管近年来金融风险大大增加,但风险和风险管理不是当代的主要问题。全球市场越来越多的问题是,风险可能来自几千英里以外的与这些事件无关的国外市场。意味着需要的信息可以在瞬间得到,而其后的市场反应,很快就发生了。经济气候和市场可能会快速影响外汇汇率变化、利率及大宗商品价格,交易对手会迅速成为一个问题。因此,重要的一点是要确保金融风险是可以被识别并且管理得当的。准备是风险管理工作的一个关键组成部分。 什么是风险? 风险给机会提供了基础。风险和暴露的条款让它们在含义上有了细微的差别。风险是指有损失的可能性,而暴露是可能的损失,尽管他们通常可以互换。风险起因是由于暴露。金融市场的暴露影响大多数机构,包括直接或间接的影响。当一个组织的金融市场暴露,有损失的可能性,但也是一个获利或利润的机会。金融市场的暴露可以提供战略性或竞争性的利益。 风险损失的可能性事件来自如市场价格的变化。事件发生的可能性很小,但这可能导致损失率很高,特别麻烦,因为他们往往比预想的要严重得多。换句话说,可能就是变异的风险回报。由于它并不总是可能的,或者能满意地把风险消除,在决定如何管理它中了解它是很重要的一步。识别暴露和风险形式的基础需要相应的财务风险管理策略。 财务风险是如何产生的呢? 无数金融性质的交易包括销售和采购,投资和贷款,以及其他各种业务活动,产生了财务风险。它可以出现在合法的交易中,新项目中,兼并和收购中,债务融资中,能源部分的成本中,或通过管理的活动,利益相关者,竞争者,外国政府,或天气出现。当金融的价格变化很大,它可以增加成本,降低财政收入,或影响其他有不利影响的盈利能力的组织。金融波动可能使人们难以规划和预算商品和服务的价格,并分配资金。 有三种金融风险的主要来源: 1、金融风险起因于组织所暴露出来的市场价格的变化,如利率、汇率、和大宗商品价格。 2、引起金融风险的行为有与其他组织的交易如供应商、客户,和对方在金融衍生产品中的交易。 3、由于内部行动或失败的组织,特别是人、过程和系统所造成的金融风险。 什么是财务风险管理? 财务风险管理是用来处理金融市场中不确定的事情的。它涉及到一个组织所面临的评估和组织的发展战略、内部管理的优先事项和当政策一致时的财务风险。企业积极应对金融风险可以使企业成为一个具有竞争优势的组织。它还确保管理,业务人员,利益相关者,董事会董事在对风险的关键问题达成协议。金融风险管理组织就必须作出那些不被接受的有关风险的决定。那些被动不采取行动的战略是在默认情况下接受所有的风险,组织使用各种策略和产品来管理金融风险。重要的是要了解这些产品和战略方面,通过工作来减少该组织内的风险承受能力和目标范围内的风险。 风险管理的策略往往涉及衍生工具。在金融机构和有组织的交易所,衍生物广泛地进行

财务管理术语中英文对照

财务管理术语表 Absorptioncosting吸收成本法: TotalCostMethods全部成本法:将某会计期间内发生的固定成本除以销售量,得出单位产品的固 定成本,再加上单位变动成本,算出单位产品的总成本。 Accounting会计:对企业活动的财务信息进行测量和综合,从而向股东、经理和员工提供企业活动的信息。请参看管理会计和财务会计。 Accountingconvention会计原则:会计师在会计报表的处理中所遵循的原则或惯例。正因为有了这些原则,不同企业的会计报表以及同一企业不同时期的会计报表才具有可比性。如果会计原则在实行中发生了一些变化,那么审计师就应该在年度报表附注中对此进行披露。 Accounts会计报表和账簿:这是英国的叫法,在美国,会计报表或财务报表叫做Financial Statements,是指企业对其财务活动的记录。Chieffinancialofficer Accountspayable应付账款:这是美国的叫法,在英国,应付账款叫做Creditors,是指公司从供应商处购买货物、但尚未支付的货款。 Accountsreceivable应收账款:这是美国的叫法,在英国,应收账款叫做Debtors,是指客户从公司购买商品或服务,公司已经对其开具发票,但客户尚未支付的货款。 Accrualaccounting权责发生制会计:这种方法在确认收入和费用时,不考虑交易发生时有没有现金流的变化。比如,公司购买一项机器设备,要等到好几个月才支付现金,但会计师却在购买当时就确认这项费用。如果不使用权责发生制会计,那么该会计系统称作“收付制”或“现金会计”。Accumulateddepreciation累计折旧:它显示截止到目前为止的折旧总额。将资产成本减去累计折旧,所得结果就是账面净值。 Acidtest酸性测试:这是美国的叫法,请参看quickratio速动比率(英国叫法)。 Activityratio活动比率:资产周转率,即销售收入除以净资产(或总资产)。它表明企业在销售过程中利用资产的效率,而不考虑资本的来源。零售业和服务业的活动比率通常比较高。制造业通常是资本密集型的,固定资产的流动资产较多,因此其活动比率也就比较低。 Allcationofcosts成本的分配:将成本分配给“拥有”它们的产品或分部,比如用某产品的广告成本抵减该产品的收入。 Amortization摊销:将资产或负债价值的逐渐减少记录在各期费用里。通常是指商誉、专利或其他无形资产,或者债券的发行费用。 Assets资产:企业所拥有的财产,可能包括固定资产、流动资产和无形资产。 Assetturnover:资产周转率 Auditing审计对公司账簿和会计系统进行检查,从而确认公司的会计报表是否真实、公正地披露其财务状况的过程。 Auditors’report审计报告:根据法律规定,有限公司每年都应当公布一份会计报表,同时审计师应当出具意见,以确认公司是否对其商业活动进行了真实、公正的披露。为了确认这一点,审计师需要检查公司的会计报表。如果他们对报表不满意,他们就会出具“保留意见”,提了同报表中他们认为错误或不确定的项目。审计师出具的保留意见可能会对公司的公众形象和股票价格产生灾难性的影响。 Authorizedcapital核定资本:经过核定允许发行的实收资本额。在核定资本的时候,公司需要支付

最新财务管理外文文献

景德镇陶瓷学院科技艺术学院法商系 外文文献 学号: 200930333145 姓名:留芳名 院(系):科技艺术学院法商系 专业:财务管理 指导老师:鄢涛 二0一三年五月

Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization Abstract: The primary goal of this study is to provide a theoretical model that shows explicit solutions for equilibrium prices and derives the equilibrium required return for the firm’s stock price. In other words, this theoretical study provides a direct link between accounting information, related to the firm’s reports, and the cost of capital within an equilibrium setting. Accounting information is judged to be of high value because it affects the market’s ability to direct firms’ capital allocation choices. The findings showed that an increase in ex-pected cash flows, coming from improvements in the quality of accounting information, leads to a reduction in the firm’s cost of capital. Keywords:theoretical Model, Accounting Information, Cost of Capital, Stock Returns 1. Introduction and Literature One of the key decisions a firm has to reach is the fundamental determination of its cost of capital. This has asubstantial impact on both the composition of the firm’s operations and its profitability, since shocks onto an ticipated cash flows are reflected in the firm’s cost of capital. Many studies have spent tons of ink coming up with proposals leading to a lower cost of capital. [1] argue that it is the environment of a firm, which is described by many parameters, such as accounting s tandards, market microstructure and information coming from the firm’s reports, that really influences the accounting type of in- formation that determines the firm’s cost of capital and, consequently, its stock price. Accounting information reduces information asymmetries, which lead to adverse selection in transaction ac-tivities in the stock market ([2]) as well as to enhanced liquidity, which lowers the discounts at which firms must issue capital ([3]). [4] argue that accounting information tends to compensate shareholders through stock returns by reducing their exposure to investment risks. Research in asset-pricing models has not, so far, modelled explicitly the accounting information environment in determining the firm’s required return, though [5] a rgue that more

财务管理专业英语

财务管理专业英语business 企业商业业务 financial risk 财务风险 sole proprietorship 私人业主制企业 partnership 合伙制企业 limited partner 有限责任合伙人 general partner 一般合伙人 separation of ownership and control 所有权与经营权分离claim 要求主张要求权 management buyout 管理层收购 tender offer 要约收购 financial standards 财务准则 initial public offering 首次公开发行股票

private corporation 私募公司未上市公司closely held corporation 控股公司board of directors 董事会 executove director 执行董事 non- executove director 非执行董事chairperson 主席 controller 主计长 treasurer 司库 revenue 收入 profit 利润 earnings per share 每股盈余 return 回报 market share 市场份额 social good 社会福利

financial distress 财务困境 stakeholder theory 利益相关者理论 value (wealth) maximization 价值(财富)最大化common stockholder 普通股股东 preferred stockholder 优先股股东 debt holder 债权人 well-being 福利 diversity 多样化 going concern 持续的 agency problem 代理问题 free-riding problem 搭便车问题 information asymmetry 信息不对称 retail investor 散户投资者

各专业课程英文翻译

各专业课程英文翻译(精心整理) 生物及医学专业课程汉英对照表 应用生物学 Applied Biology 医学技术 Medical Technology 细胞生物学 Cell Biology 医学 Medicine 生物学 Biology 护理麻醉学 Nurse Anesthesia 进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology 口腔外科学 Oral Surgery 海洋生物学 Marine Biology 口腔/牙科科学 Oral/Dental Sciences 微生物学 Microbiology 骨科医学 Osteopathic Medicine 分子生物学 Molecular Biology 耳科学 Otology 医学微生物学 Medical Microbiology 理疗学 Physical Therapy 口腔生物学 Oral Biology 足病医学 Podiatric Medicine 寄生物学 Parasutology 眼科学 Ophthalmology 植物生物学 Plant Physiology 预防医学 Preventive Medicine 心理生物学 Psychobiology 放射学 Radiology 放射生物学 Radiation Biology 康复咨询学 Rehabilitation Counseling 理论生物学 Theoretical Biology 康复护理学 Rehabilitation Nursing 野生生物学 Wildlife Biology 外科护理学 Surgical Nursing 环境生物学 Environmental Biology 治疗学 Therapeutics 运动生物学 Exercise Physiology 畸形学 Teratology 有机体生物学 Organismal Biology 兽医学 Veterinary Sciences 生物统计学 Biometrics 牙科卫生学 Dental Sciences 生物物理学 Biophysics 牙科科学 Dentistry 生物心理学 Biopsychology 皮肤学 Dermatology 生物统计学 Biostatistics 内分泌学 Endocrinology 生物工艺学 Biotechnology 遗传学 Genetics 生物化学 Biological Chemistry 解剖学 Anatomy 生物工程学 Biological Engineering 麻醉学 Anesthesia 生物数学 Biomathematics 临床科学 Clinical Science 生物医学科学 Biomedical Science 临床心理学 Clinical Psychology 细胞生物学和分子生物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology 精神病护理学 Psychiatric Nursing 力学专业 数学分析 Mathematical Analysis 高等代数与几何 Advanced Algebra and Geometry 常微分方程 Ordinary Differential Equation 数学物理方法 Methods in Mathematical Physics 计算方法 Numerical Methods 理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics 材料力学 Mechanics of Materials 弹性力学 Elasticity 流体力学 Fluid Mechanics 力学实验 Experiments in Solid Mechanics 机械制图 Machining Drawing 力学概论 Introduction to Mechanics 气体力学 Gas Dynamics 计算流体力学 Computational Fluid Mechanics 弹性板理论 Theory of Elastic Plates 粘性流体力学 Viscous Fluid Flow 弹性力学变分原理 Variational Principles inElasticity 有限元法 Finite Element Method 塑性力学 Introduction of Plasticity

相关文档
最新文档