美国文学史
一、
二、殖民地时期（1607-1765）
讲经布道等有关神学的材料或日记
三、启蒙时期与独立战争时期（1765-18世纪末）
1.富兰克林Benjamin Franklin：人文主义者，相信人性善良
《格言历书》P oor Richard’ s Almanac
《自传》The Autobiography建立了传记文学的传统
2.潘恩Thomas Paine: 《常识》Common Sense
3.杰斐逊Thomas Jefferson: 《独立宣言》Declaration of Independence
4.汉密尔顿Alexander Hamilton杰伊John Jay麦迪逊James Madison:
《论联邦》The Federalist Papers
5.词典学家韦伯斯特Noah Webster美国在政治上独立了，在文学方面也必须独
立；美国以军事著称，也必须以艺术著称世界。
四、浪漫主义时期（1800-1865）
特点：Subjective, heart feeling, man & nature, individualism, inner life, Indian (past)
Distinct features of American Romanticism: 1. to moralize and edify rather entertain 2. New American experience, including the exotic landscape, the frontier life, the westward expansion, the myth of a new garden of Eden in America
强调文学的想象力和感情色彩，歌颂大自然，崇尚个人和普通人的思想感情。赞美美国山水，讴歌美国的生活，反映了美国人民的乐观和热情
1.欧文Washington Irving:
《见闻札记》The Sketch Book开创了美国短篇小说的传统
《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
《瑞普·凡·温克尔》Rip Van Winkle 反英雄小人物
2.库珀James Fennimore Coope r：
《皮袜子故事集五部曲》The Leather-stocking Tales
3.布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant：美国第一个浪漫主义诗人
《致水鸟》To a Waterfowl, 《黄色的堇香花》The Yellow Violet
从杰克逊上台到南北战争，第一次大繁荣
19世纪的浪漫主义主要表现为超验主义Transcendentalism
1.爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson：《论自然》Nature，《论自立》Self-Reliance
2.梭罗Henry David Thorea u：《沃尔登》Walden, 《论公民的不服从》On the
Duty of Civil Disobedience
诗歌方面：
1. 朗费罗Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
2. 惠特曼Walt Whitman：《草叶集》Leaves of Grass
3. 狄金森Emily Dickinson女
小说家：
1.霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne: 《福谷传奇》The Blithedale Romance, 《带
有七个尖角阁的房子》The House of the Seven Gables, 《红字》The Scarlet Letter
2.梅尔维尔Herman Melville: 《白鲸》Moby Dick
3.埃德加·艾·伦坡Edgar Allan Poe: 诗歌《乌鸦》The Raven古怪、奇特、
病态
深受哥特式小说影响，比较著名的有：《莉盖亚》Ligeia，《厄舍大厦的倒塌》The Fall of the House of Usher
五、现实主义时期（1865-1918）
特点：Contemporary, common people, open ending, objective, collective morality
铁路的建设，资源的开发，移民带来的廉价劳动力等都促进了工业的发展。着眼于现实生活，努力表现这个充满活力与矛盾、自由竞争和崇尚物质享受的新时代。同时也开始批判现实社会。
现实主义文学时期三位最重要的作家
1.豪威尔斯William Dean Howells: 提供理论原则和指导方针《批评与小说》
Criticism and Fiction, 强调作家应该表现“现实的微笑主义”，解决社会问题的
办法往往是乌托邦式的改良主义
2.马克·吐温Mark Twain：幽默作家，海明威曾说过：“全部现代美国文学起源于
马克·吐温写的一本叫《哈里贝克·费恩历险记》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer的书。”
3.詹姆斯Henry James: 事态小说novel of manner，代表作有《一位女士的肖像》
The Portrait of a Lady、《鸽翼》The Wings of the Dove、《专使》The Ambassadors、《金碗》The Golden Bowl
其主题包括三方面：纯真而粗俗的美国人和虚伪但有教养的欧洲人之间的矛盾与对
比；现实生活同艺术的矛盾及艺术家的孤独；物质与精神的矛盾和人生的道德抉择。
19世纪末，美国垄断主义逐步形成，国内矛盾日益尖锐。受法国自然主义影响，用悲观主义宿命论的观点看待事物，比现实主义作家更激进，关心底层人民。
自然主义：Cold, godless, indifferent, hostile, slum, poverty, crime
Determinism: 1. laws of universe, environment 2. heredity family, animal instruct
1．克莱恩Stephen Crane: 《街头女郎麦姬》Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, 《红色英勇勋章》The Red Badge of Courage
2. 德莱赛Theodore Dreiser: 现实主义和自然主义文学运动中成就最大，《嘉莉妹
妹》Sister Carrie, 《珍妮姑娘》Jennie Gerhardt，《美国的悲剧》An American Tragedy 被评论界称颂为“美国最伟大的小说”
六、现代主义时期（1918-1945）
及时行乐，文学基调是低沉悲观的，探索人物的内心世界，发扬革新精神。这个阶段是美国文学的第二次文艺复兴，第二次大繁荣时期。寻求反映社会分崩离析和道德沦丧的手法技巧，不完整的片段和不连贯性成为作品形式上的主要特点。故事发展进程没有一定的逻辑或说明，叙述角度、声音、语气也不断变换。
Severance from the past, use the past, fragmentation, broke with the traditional
1.庞德Ezra Pound:意象派imagism长篇史诗《诗章》The Cantos
2.艾略特T. S. Eliot: 意象派imagism, 新诗运动的主要人物《荒原》The
Waste Land
3.弗罗斯特Robert Frost：《夜之子》The Children of the Night
4.奥尼尔Eugene O’Neil: 《毛猿》The Hairy Ape, 《大神布朗》The Great
God Brown, 《奇异的插曲》Strange Interlude, 《榆树下的欲望》Desire Under the Elm
5.菲茨杰拉德 F. Scott Fitzgerald：《人间天堂》This Side of Paradise, 文献记
录式手法，《了不起的盖茨比》The Great Gatsby，更富抒情的诗意, 《夜色温
柔》Tender is the Night
6.海明威Ernest Hemingway: 迷惘的一代主要作家，Ice-berg theory
《太阳照常升起》The Sun Also Rises, 《永别了，武器》A Farewell to Arms, 《丧葬为谁而鸣》For whom the Bell Tolls （西班牙内战），《一个干净明亮的
地方》
7.斯坦贝克John Steinbeck：《愤怒的葡萄》The Grapes of Wrath
8.福克纳William Faulkner: 南方，虚构，不仅仅是一个南方作家，而是在美国文
学史、甚至世界文坛上举足轻重的一位大师
《喧哗与骚动》The Sound and the Fury
《斯诺普斯》三部曲：《村子》The Hamlet, 《小镇》The Town, 《大宅》The Mansion
《八月之光》Light in August, 《押沙龙，押沙龙》Absalom, Absalom, 《去
吧，摩西》Go Down, Moses
9.休斯Langston Hughes: 《萎靡的布鲁斯》The Weary Blues
10.赖特Richard Wright: 《土生子》Native Son
七、当代文学（1945-）
麦卡锡主义，“美国梦”成了梦魇，人的异化为主题
特点：1. 垮掉的一代the Beat Generation 2. 黑色幽默 3. 寻找自我，自我本质Identity 4. 非虚构小说，新新闻体小说Neo-press fiction
1.海勒Joseph Heller：《第二十二条军规》Catch-22
2.艾利逊Ralph Ellison: 《看不见的人》Invisible Man
3.梅勒Norman Mailer: 《黑夜的军队》The Armies of the Night描写1957
年为抗议越南战争而举行的向五角大楼进军
4.波特Katherine Anne Porter: 女，《愚人船》A Ship of Fools
5.鲍德温James Baldwin: 《向苍天呼吁》Go Tell on the Mountain, 《没有人
知道我的名字》Nobody Knows My Name, 《下一次将是烈火》The Fire Next Time
6.汉斯贝里Lorraine Hansberry: 女，《阳光下的葡萄干》Raisin in the Sun
7.爱丽丝·沃克Alice Walker：女，《紫颜色》The Color Purple 妇女运动
8.托尼·莫里森Toni Morrison：《所罗门之歌》Song of Solomon, 《爱娃》
Beloved
9.贝娄Saul Bellow: 《赫尔索格》Herzog
10.塞林格J. D. Salinger: 《麦田里的守望者》Catcher in the Rye
11.洛威尔Robert Lowell: 《人生写照》Life Studies 自传性诗篇
12.米勒Arthur Miller: 《推销员之死》Death of a Salesman 公认为二战后最
优秀的剧本之一
美国文学史-知识点梳理
Part I The Literature of Colonial America I．Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V．Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of
美国文学史作品作家汇总全
美国文学史作品作家汇总美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代Philip Freneau菲利普弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉
美国文学史总结
ⅠColonial America(17th century)殖民主义时期文学 1.In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America and he mistook the native people on the new continent for Indians. Character of colonial literature: a.content: religious, political b.form: diary, journal, letters, travel books, sermons, history (personal literature) c.Style: simple. direct, concise d.out of humble origins Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history. The earliest settlers in America included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians and Portuguese. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿) 2.Captain Town Smith, the first American writer 3.Puritan Thoughts: hard work, thrift(节俭), piety(虔诚), sobriety(节制), 这些也成了早期 美国作品主导思想. 典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William, John Cotton was called “the Patriarch of New England(新英格兰教父)” 清教徒采用的文学体裁：narratives(日记) and journals(游记) 清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）Their voyage to the new land 2）Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3）About dealing with Indians 4）Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 4.Private literature: theological, moral, historical, political 5.The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. Anne Bradstreet is one of the most interesting of the early poets, 英国最早移民到美国的诗人. The best of the Puritan poets was Edward Taylor. ⅡReason and Revolution(18th century)理性和革命时期文学 1.The War for Independence (1776-1783) ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 2.Bourgeois Enlightenment 3.Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard’s Almanac(穷人理查德的年鉴), an annual collection of proverbs. The Autobiography, 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 ?The Autobiography is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritan because it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The Puritans, as a type, were very much given to self-analysis. ?The Autobiography shows Franklin was spokesman for the new order of 18th-century Enlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free, by nature endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
美国文学史及选读试卷 (1)
美国文学史及选读试卷 Ⅰ.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (60points in all, 2 for each) 1. Which of following can be said of the common features which are shared by the English and American Romanticists ? A. An increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions. B. An increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. An increasing emphasis on the desire to return to nature. D. both A and B. 2. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOT true? （） A. In most of the American writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. B. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. There was a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man. D. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and nationality. 3.______ is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the American Romanticism in the history of American literature. A. New England Transcendentalism B. England Transcendentalism C. the Harlem Renaissance D. New Transcendentalism 4.Hawthorn e’s unique gift was for the creation of ______ which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. A. symbolic stories B. romantic stories
美国文学史_作者作品
美国文学史_作者作品 Part 1. Colonial America(1607-1800) John Smith(158-1631) 约翰斯密斯The General History of Virginia 弗吉尼亚通史, A Description of New England 新 英格兰概览 William Bradford(1590-1657) 威廉布Of Plymouth Plantation 普利茅斯拓荒 莱德福 John Winthrop(1588-1649) 约翰温斯A Model of Christian Charity 基督徒慈善的典范 洛普 Anne Bradstreet(1612- 1672) “Contemplations ”, “Upon the Burning of Our House”, ” To My Dear and Loving Husband”, In Reference to Her Children ”,” The Flesh and The Spirit ” As Weary Pilgrim ” Edward Taylor(1642-1729) 爱德华泰“ Huswifery ”, “Upon a Spider Catching a Fly ” Roger Williams(1603-1683) 罗杰威廉The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience
John Woolman(1720- 1772) “Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes”, A Plea for the Poor ” Thomas Paine(1737 -1809) The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题;Common Sense常识［American Crisis 美国危机［Rights of Man 人的权利：Downfall of Despotism 专制体制 崩溃;The Age of Reas on 理性时代 Philip Freneau(1752-1832) The Rising Glory of America;The British Prison Ship 英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans 纪念美国勇士同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground; The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi Charles Brockden Brown(1771-1810) Wieland; Edgar Huntly; Ormond; Arthur Mervyn Jonathan Edwards(1703-1758) 爱德华The Freedom of the Will 《意志的自 由》The Great Doctrine of Original Sin 兹defended 《原罪说辩》The Nature of True Virtue 真美德的性质; Images or Shadows of Divine Things 《神灵的形影》;” Personal Narrative ” Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God ”愤怒的上帝手中之罪人 Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790) Poor Richard?s Almanac 穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth 致富之道;The Autobiography 自传 Hector St.John de Crevecour Letters form an American Farmer 来自美国农夫的信
美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
美国文学史习题 (1)
I. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’) 1. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ____ was the dominant. 2. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named ____. 3. Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism? 4. The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the __ attitude of its author.
5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by ___. 6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___ and Thoreau. 7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? 8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.
(完整版)美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reasoning and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin's shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation 2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题 3）established America's first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。 4）first applied the terms "positive" and "negative" to electrical charges. 5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表，他不断建议英国改变政策，使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。 6）As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明了，幽默，讽刺天才、 7）The Way to Wealth致富之道The Autobiography自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传
美国文学史试题3
I. Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 1 point for each) 1. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in . 2. became the first American writer. 3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the values that dominated much of the early American writing. 4. In American literature, the 18th century was an age of and Revolution. 5. Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece . 6. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet appeared. 7. The signing of symbolized the birth of an independent American nation. 8. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was . 9. Washington Irving’s became the first work by an American writer to win international fame. 10. is the summit of American Romanticism. 11. With the publication of Emerson’s in 1836,American R omanticism reached its summit. 12. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel . 13.Henry James’ major fictional theme is . 14. brought the Romantic period to an end. So the age of Realism came into existence. 15. The Poetic style invented by Whitman is now called . 16. “Because I could not stop for Death---” is written by . 17. The term The Gilded Age is given by to describe the post-civil war years. 18. Theodore Dreiser’s first novel is . 19. The leader of the literary movement Imagism is . 20. is the spokesman for Lost Generation. 答案: 1. 1607 2. John Smith 3. Puritan 4. Reason 5. The Autobiography 6. Common Sense 7. The Declaration of Independence 8. Philip Freneau 9. Sketch Book 10. Transcendentalism 11. Nature 12. The Scarlet Letter 13. international theme 14. The civil war 15. free verse 16. Emily Dickinson 17. Mark Twain 18. Sister Carrie 19. Ezra Pound 20. Ernest Hemingway II. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers or completions. Choose the one that is the best in each case and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 1 point for each) 1. The first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity was . A. Bret Harte B. Mark Twain C. Henry James D. William Dean Howells 2. Which of the following is the masterpiece of Mark Twain? A. The Gilded Age B. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer