语篇分析与翻译

语篇分析与翻译
语篇分析与翻译

语篇分析与翻译

【摘要】:作为语言学中的一个流派,语篇分析在对翻译研究的领域里发生了不小的影响。文章旨在运用对比的方法廓清翻译和语篇分析的本体,以此作为基础研究两者之间的关系,发掘翻译语篇中的深层次含义。

【关键词】:语篇分析;翻译;意义

1. 翻译的定义

纵观翻译学的发展史,许多语言学家和翻译理论家都试图从宏观的角度出发给翻译下一个完整的定义:

翻译是一项对语言进行操作的工作,即用一种语言文本来替代另一种语言文本的过程。”(J.C Catford,1965)

“翻译是把一种语言的言语产物在保持内容方面,也就是意义不变的情况下,改变为另一种语言的言语产物的过程。”(巴尔胡达罗夫,1985)“翻译是在接受语中寻找和原语信息尽可能按近、自然的对等话语,首先是意义上的对等,其次才是风格上的对等。”(Nida,1969)

“翻译乃是与语言行为抉择密切相关的一种语际信息传递的特殊方式。”(沃尔夫拉姆·威尔斯,1982)

“翻译是一种跨文化的信息交流与交换的活动,其本质是传播。” (吕俊,1997)

文学翻译的定义:

从翻译的物质形态来说,它表现为各类符号系统的选择与组合:

(1)有声语言符号,即自然语言的口头语言,其表现形式为电话通讯、内外谈判和接待外宾等;

(2)无声语言符号,包括了文字符号和图象符号,其表现形式为谈判决议、社交书信、电文、通讯及各种文学作品等印刷品;

(3)有声非语言符号,即传播过程中所谓的有声而不分音节的”类语言”符号,比如重读、语调变化、笑声和掌声等。这类符号无具体的音节可分,语义也不是固定不变的。

《语篇分析》教学大纲

《语篇分析》教学大纲 课程名称:语篇分析 授课教师:丁言仁 教学对象:语言学方向(含翻译学方向)学生 教学时间:春季学期 课程类型:专业选修 总学时:36 学分:2 教学目的: 1)介绍关于英语语篇和语篇分析的基本概念、基本方法以及主要流派; 2)培养学生分析英语本族语者文本和中国学生英语文本的结构、连贯和衔接以及其中存在的问题; 3)提高学生组织口语和书面语文本的水平以及他们教授英语口语和写作的能力。 教学形式及要求: 课堂讲课、讨论、学生报告、评议 教学安排: Week 1: Discourse and Situation Week 2: Organization of Text Week 3: The Underlying Organization Week 4: Functions of a Clause Week 5: Reference (1) Week 6: Reference (2) Week 7: Substitution (1) Week 8: Substitution (2) Week 9: Ellipsis Week 10: Conjunction (1) Week 11: Conjunction (2) Week 12: Lexical Cohesion Week 13: Discourse Coherence Week 14: Project Work: Analyzing Actual Discourse Week 15: Project Work: Reading Week 16-18: Project Presentation 考核方法: 出勤及课堂参与(10%) + 作业(10%) + 课程论文(40% + 40%) 教材: 丁言仁,2001,语篇分析,南京:南京师范大学出版社

一、韩礼德语篇分析模式对翻译研究的影响

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lecture 16 语篇衔接与连贯及翻译

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语篇分析与翻译

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从语篇分析的角度看翻译中的对等

Modern Foreign Languages (Quarterly) Vol.24, No.1 January 2001: 78-84 Guangzhou, China Aspects of Translation from a Discoursal Perspective ZHANG Mei-fang Translation is a new discipline in academic terms. It is just starting to feature as a subject of study in its own right. Like other new disciplines, it needs to draw on the findings and t heories of other related disciplines in order to develop its own methods. But which disciplines it can be naturally and effectively related to is still a matter of some controversy. Linguistics is a discipline which studies language both in its own right and as a tool for communication. It should therefore have a great deal to offer to the budding discipline of translation studies. This is particularly true of functional linguistics which no longer restricts itself to the study of linguistic structure and phenomena, but extends itself to the study of language in use. In creating a new text out of a previously existing one, translators inevitably go beyond what is said and written in the original text, trying to see the context in which the text unfolds and in which it is to be interpreted. In studying this complex process at work, we are in effect seeking insights which take us beyond translation itself towards the whole relationship between language activity and the social context in which it takes place. This paper aims at introducing M.A.K. Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics to explain some aspects of translation. According to Halliday and Hasan (1989), language is either for action or for information, so it is organized by the function it is called on to serve and shaped by its purposes. All use s of language have a context. The textual features enable the discourse to cohere not only with itself but also with its context of situation which is analyzed by Halliday and Hasan into three components (field of discourse, tenor of discourse and mode of discourse), corresponding to the three metafunctions of language (ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function). Apart from the context of situation which is the immediate environment, there is also a broader background against which the text has to be interpreted: its context of culture. The context of culture is the institutional and ideological background that gives value to the text and constrains its interpretation. In this paper, the theory of context of culture and context of situation will be briefly examined and an English TEXT and its two Chinese versions will be analyzed. It is not the aim of this short paper to build any translation theory in relation to discourse analysis, but rather to look into detailed analysis for areas where the discoursal theory of language can bring insights to English/Chinese translation. Keywords: discourse analysis context of situation context of culturetranslation Correspondence: Department of English School of Foreign Languages Zhongshan University Guangzhou,Guangdong 510275 P .R .China

语篇翻译中的衔接与连贯

语篇翻译中的衔接与连贯 摘要 衔接和连贯是语篇分析的两个重要因素。语篇翻译的过程实际上就是语篇连贯的识别与重构的过程,原文语篇中的连贯性能否再现直接关系到译文的交际功能能否实现。在翻译过程中,译者既要充分理解原文语篇中的衔接方式和连贯性特征,在译文语篇中又要采取恰当的方式创造性地再现原语的这种特征,从而产生连贯性的译文。 关键词:衔接;连贯;语篇翻译 引言 语篇语言学自20 世纪60 年代以来得到迅速发展。随着它的发展,人们逐渐摆脱了传统语言学和语法学的束缚,将语言研究的重心由句子转为语篇。翻译研究的语篇语言学方法就是在这个背景下诞生的。语篇是一个具有完整意义的语义单位,它与句子的关系不是大小关系,而是“实现”关系,即语篇依靠句子来实现。但语篇不是句子的任意堆砌,构成语篇的句子存在着深层的语义关系,即连贯性。连贯这一决定语篇语义结构的重要因素,在以语篇为基础的翻译活动中显得尤为重要。翻译的直接对象和最终产品都是语篇,而语篇翻译的过程可以说就是连贯的识别和重构的过程。译者必须尽可能保全和复现原文语篇的连贯性和完整性,才能使译文语篇结构严谨、行文流畅、语气贯通。因此翻译时译者要分析原文语篇的各种衔接手段和连贯性,同时也要在译语语篇中运用恰当的衔接手段再现原文的连贯性。本文着重讨论语篇的衔接性与连贯性及其在英汉互译中的运用。 一、语篇衔接与连贯 衔接(cohesion)或称词语连接,是指一段话中各部分在语法或词汇方面有联系或两方面都有联系。这种联系可能存在于不同的句子之间,也可能存在于一个句子的几个部分之间。衔接是语段、篇章的重要特征,是语篇研究的核心。,Holliday和Hasan(1976)的《英语的衔接》(Cohesion and English)一书的出版标志着衔接理论的创立,在该书中作者集中探讨了英语的五种衔接手段:照应(reference)、替代(substitution)、省略(ellipse)、连接(conjunction)和词汇衔接(lexical cohesion)。其中前四类属于语法衔接手段(grammatical cohesion),后一类属于词汇衔接手段,具体包括原词复现(reiteration)、同义(synonymy)、下义(hyponymy)和搭配(collocation)等。在语篇翻译中,要充分认识原文的衔接手段和方法,使译文尽可能地体现出原文的衔接方式,有时在一文中也可以变换衔接手段和方法,使译文达到和原语篇异曲同工的效果。在语篇翻译中,对语篇衔接的认识和把握会直接影响译文的质量。 连贯是一个颇具争议的概念。Windowson认为连贯是一个语用概念,是语篇的言外之力发展的关系。而V an Dijk则把它看作是一个狭义的语义概念,是语篇内部成分之间线性的语义关系。朱永生在总结国外学者研究成果的基础上指出,连贯是系统功能语言学的一个语义概念,包括Windowson的语用概念和Van Dijk的语义概念。黄国文关于连贯的定义为:“连贯指的是语篇中语义的关联,连贯存在于语篇的底层,通过逻辑推理来达到语义连接;它是语篇的无形网络。胡壮麟教授提出了语篇连贯涉及多层次的观点,认为社会符号层对语篇连贯起重要作用。此外,张德禄教授对语篇衔接和连贯也进行了系统和深入的研究。语篇连贯是指语篇内外所存在的语义和结构上的纵横交错的各种联系。连贯是语篇的基本特征之一,是区别语篇与非语篇的标志,可以说没有连贯就没有语篇。以语篇为翻译对象必然要考察其连贯性,语篇翻译过程实际上就是语篇连贯的识别和重构过程。

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