翻译硕士考研英语练习题及答案汇总

翻译硕士考研英语练习题及答案汇总

I. V ocabulary and grammar (30’)

Multiple choices

Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and

D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.

1. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _________ against the local authorities’decision to build a highway across the field.

A. contradict

B. reform

C. counter

D. protest

2. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _________.

A. minority

B. scarcity

C. rarity

D. minimum

3. Professor Johnson’s retirement _______ from next January.

A. carries into effect

B. takes effect

C. has effect

D. puts into effect

4. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________ government spending.

A. finance

B. expand

C. enlarge

D. budget

5. The heat in summer is no less _________ here in this mountain region.

A. concentrated

B. extensive

C. intense

D. intensive

6. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.

A. forbidden

B. rejected

C. excluded

D. denied

7. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _________.

A. pull back

B. pull up

C. pull through

D. pull out

8. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer’s _________ rather than the company’s.

A. benefit

B. availability

C. suitability

D. convenience

9. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church.

A. mark

B. signal

C. sign

D. gesture

10. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.

A. lightly

B. sparsely

C. hardly

D. rarely

11. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.

A. would be

B. will have been

C. was

D. were

12. With some men dressing down and some other men flaunting their looks, it is really hard to tell they are gay or _________.

A. straight

B. homosexual

C. beautiful

D. sad

13. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.

A. so as to

B. such as to

C. such to

D. as much as to

14. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.

A. will come

B. was coming

C. had been coming

D. came

15. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.

A. I was and always will be

B. I have to be and always will be

C. I had been and always will be

D. I have been and always will be

16. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install _________ solar heating device in our home.

A. some type of

B. some types of a

C. some type of a

D. some types of

17. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days.

A. must take

B. must have made

C. was able to make

D. could make

18. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.

A. something but

B. anything but

C. nothing but

D. not but

19. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.

A. much more sportsman

B. more of a sportsman

C. more of sportsman

D. more a sportsman

20. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.

A. betrayed…take

B. had betrayed…took

C. has betrayed…took

D. has betrayed…take

II. Reading comprehension (40’)

Section 1 multiple choice (20’)

Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.

Passage A

The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Governments financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.

The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony

Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.

The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.

Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.

“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,”said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock m usic venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.

“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,”Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything,we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”

1. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to

A. maintain the present status among the nations.

B. reduce legislative powers of England.

C. create a better state of equality among the nations.

D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.

2. The word “centrifugal”in the second paragraph means

A. separatist.

B. conventional.

C. feudal.

D. political

3. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT

A. people’s desire for devolution.

B. locals’turnout for the voting.

C. powers of the legislative body.

D. status of the national language.

4. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?

A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.

B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.

C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.

D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.

5. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is

A. people’s mentality.

B. pop culture.

C. town’s appearance.

D. possibilities for the people.

Passage B

The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.

The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food, warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labor unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be tak en care of.

The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labor-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.

A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay

out specified amounts years in the future, to defined contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires.

Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.

But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of cours e that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.

The Enron employees’retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.

6. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?

A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.

B. Because such events would never happen again.

C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.

D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.

7. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change in

答案：

翻译硕士英语模练习参考答案

I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)

1-10 DABAC ACDDB

11-20 AABBD ACBBC

II. Reading comprehension (40’)

Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)

1. C

2. A

3. D

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. A

8. C

9. B 10. B

Section 2 Answering questions (20’)

Key points

1. located in Dartmoor Park/with 54 sq km of hills covered by “Tors”/an event starting from 1959/young people walking over a distance of 55-mile trek in two days/in Spring (May)/ a kind of outdoor physical training

2. environmentalism/threatening of some “internationally rare bird species”/breeding season/nesting season/destroying eggs/frightening birds/declining of birds

3. if moved to autumn/children “on holiday”during the training period/majority unwilling to change the time/if moved earlier: lambing season/winter: too harsh and cold

4. Mike and Adam/one’s liver “failing”, Mike donated half of his liver/Adam survived/Mike, the healthy brother, due to the “complication”developed in the operation, died after the successful transplant

5. when there is a risk of donors’dying from organ transplant between family members/1 in 100 risk/higher or lower/Shall such transplant operations be encouraged?/different viewpoints/heated argument

III. Writing (30’)

Education as a Lifelong Process

When we talk about education, we can easily think of schools, colleges and young people. As a matter of fact, education is so important in modern society that it can be viewed as a lifelong process.

Firstly, it’s the requirement of fast-developing society to receive education despite of your age. Our world is changing dramatically with the development of new science and technology. A person who completed his education at school in the 1970s or the 1980s may have encountered new problems when he is working now. The problems might have something to do with his major or other aspects. For example an accountant now must master the skills of accounting through computers, which is a basic tool for him, so he should also learn how to apply his job in a computer no matter how old he is.

Secondly, education creates human character and moralities. Through education, youth may learn how to make contributions to the world. And the old may learn new things to enrich their lives. Through education, a healthy person can become stronger and a disabled person can have a new hope on his life. Man can find great pleasure in education.

Thirdly, our modem society has provided everyone with the chance to receive education. As long as you wish you could get education by attending night-schools, adult colleges, training centers and even long-distance education through Internet and TV.

In a word, knowledge is boundless, and life is limited. So education is a lifelong process

I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30’)

1. APEC

2. ASEAN

3. CFO

4. CPI

5. EMS

6. FBI

7. GPS

8. IPO

9. NATO

10. International Monetary Fund

11. most favored nations

12. Intellectual Property Rights

13. Certified Public Accountant

14. European Free Trade Association

15. International Atomic Energy Agency

16. 按揭贷款

17. 保健食品

18. 保税区

19. 不正之风

20. 春运

21. 第三产业

22. 法制国家

23. 国际惯例

24. 货到付款

25. 亏损企业

26. 减员增效

27. 联合兼并

28. 留职停薪

29. 特别提款权

30. 市场准入

II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)

Source Text 1:

A physician starts playing a harsh mental tape in her head every time a new patient calls: What if I make the wrong diagnosis? I’m a terrible doctor. How did I get into medical school? An executive loses his job despite 25 productive years, he tells hims elf: I’m a loser. I can’t provide for my family, and I’ll never be able to do it again. If these real-life examples sound familiar, you may have a caustic commentary running in your head, too. Psychologists say many of their patients are plagued by a harsh Inner Critic—including some extremely successful people who think it’s the secret to their success.

An Inner Critic can indeed roust you out of bed in the morning, get you on the treadmill (literally and figuratively) and spur you to finish that book or symphony or invention. But the desire to achieve can get hijacked by harsh judgment and unrelenting fear. Unrelenting self-criticism often goes hand in hand with anxiety, and it may even predict depression.

Self-criticism is also a factor in eating disorders, and body disorder—that is, preoccupation with one’s perceived physical flaws. Many people’s Inner Critic makes an appearance early in life and is such a constant companion that it’s part of their personality. Psychologists say that children, particularly those with a genetic predisposition to depression, may internalize and exaggerate the expectations of parents or peers or society. One theory is that self-criticism is anger turned inward, when sufferers are filled with hostility but too afraid and insecure to let it out. Other theories hold that people who scold themselves are acting out guilt or shame or subconsciously shielding themselves against criticism from others: You can’t tell me anything I don’t already tell myself, even in harsher terms.

Techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy can be helpful in changing patterns of thought that have become painful. There are many patients, such as doctors, lawyers—who believed that if they didn’t flog themselves, they wouldn’t be successful. And part of psychologists’ work is to break through that belief by telling the patients that they usually succeed in spite of their Inner Critics, not because of them. (360 words)

【Key words】

depression 抑郁症cognitive behavioral therapy 认知行为疗法

Source Text 2:

农业是多哈谈判的核心。发达国家和发展中国家都面临压力，但富国和穷国的压力是不同的。在全球26亿农民中，发展中国家有25亿，而且大多数处在贫困状态。即使发展中国家有雄心、有诚意去推进贸易自由化，也不能不顾及几千万甚至几亿农民的基本生计。如果让那些已处于贫困线上的农民遭受更大的冲击，将引发灾难，届时发达国家也不得安宁。因此，应立即给予最不发达国家免关税、免配额的待遇，应该给予发展中国家“特殊产品”和“特殊保障机制”的待遇。

在推动世界贸易自由化的过程中，关键是要照顾大多数，要让广大发展中成员能跟上前进的步伐。因此，要给予所有发展中成员特殊和差别待遇，并力争在香港会议期间就棉花等问题作为阶段性成果达成共识。让发展中成员“早期收获”，获得看得见、摸得着的好处，才能增强多数成员对多哈谈判的信心。(344 words)

【关键词】

多哈谈判the Doha Round negotiations 免配额quota-free

I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30’)

1. 亚太经贸合作组织

2. 东南亚国家联盟

3. 首席财务官

4. 消费价格指数

5. 邮政特快专递

6. 联邦调查局

7. 全球定位系统

8. 首次公开募股

9. 北大西洋公约组织

10. 国际货币基金组织

11. 最惠国

12. 知识产权

13. 注册会计师

14. 欧洲自由贸易联盟

15. 国际原子能机构

16. mortgage loan

17. health-care food

18. the bonded zone

19. bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency

20. (passenger) transport during the Spring Festival

21. tertiary industry; service sector

22. a state with an adequate legal system

23. international common practice

24. cash on delivery

25. enterprises running in the red/under deficit

26. downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency

27. conglomeration and merger of enterprises

28. retain the job but suspend the salary

29. special drawing rights (SDR; SDRs)

30. market access

II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English (120’).

英译汉：

一位内科医生每次给新病人看病时脑子里就会响起一个刺耳的声音：我要是诊断错了该怎么办?我是个蹩脚的医生。当初我是怎么混进医学院的?一位高管失业了，虽然此前有过25年的辉煌职业生涯，他还是不断地告诉自己：我是个失败者。我没法赡养家人，以后也都不能够了。如果这些真实的事例对你来说非常地熟悉，那么你的头脑里可能也有那么一个严厉的声音在回荡。心理学家称，很多病人都备受苛刻的自我怀疑的折磨──包括一些非常成功的人士，他们认为这正是自己成功的秘诀。

自我怀疑的确能在清晨把你从床上唤起，敦促你快马加鞭地干活，尽快去完成手头那本书、那支曲子或是那项发明。不过对于成功的渴求也许会为严苛的评判及无休止的恐惧所阻挠。无休止的自我批评通常会带来焦虑，甚至会导致抑郁症。自我批评也会导致进食失调、身体机能紊乱，即总是想象自己的身体有缺陷。很多人在幼年时期便有了自我怀疑的倾向，之后这个声音便常伴他们左右，成了他们性格的一个部分。心理学家称，儿童，尤其是那些先天易患抑郁症的儿童，可能会内化并夸大父母、同辈或社会对自己的期望。有一个说法认为，自我批评其实就是冲自身发泄怒气，这类人内心充满了敌对情绪，但是太过忧虑、太没有安全感，不敢把这种情绪发泄出来。还有一些说法则认为，那些责备自己的人是在表达自己的负罪感或羞辱感，或者是下意识里保护自己免遭他人的责备：你不能再来责备我了，我自己已经责备过自己了，用的词比你还要严厉呢。

各种认知行为疗法有助于改变给人带来痛苦的思维模式。经常有一些医生、律师类的病人，他们相信如果他们对自己没有那么苛刻，就不会有现在的成功。心理学家的部分工作内容就是打破那种成见，并告诉他们——很多时候他们是因为突破自责获得了成功，而并不是因为自责而成功的。

汉译英：

Agriculture is the centerpiece of the Doha Round negotiations. Although both developed and developing countries are faced with pressures, the nature of their difficulties is very different. Of the 2.6 billion farming population in the world, 2.5 billion reside in the developing countries, and the majority of them are living below poverty lines. Even if some developing countries were willing to embark on the road of trade liberalization, they would have to take into account the basic livelihood of millions or even billions of their farmers. To expose those poor farmers to further external shocks could trigger disastrous consequences. Should such scenario occur, the lifestyle of the rich countries would be endangered, too. It is therefore sensible to offer duty-free, quota-free treatment to products from the least developed countries immediately. Developing countries should also be entitled to the concepts of “Special Products” and “Special Safeguard Mechanism”.

In the process of promoting world trade liberalization, it is crucial to bear in mind the interests of the majority and to enable them to adapt to the pace of progress. Hence the necessity of providing special and differential treatment to all developing countries. It is advisable to reach consensus during the Hong Kong conference on issues like cotton and others, so that there could be s ome “Early Harvest” for developing countries. Such visible and tangible benefits could boost the confidence of most members in the ongoing Doha Round negotiations.