英语句子结构分析基础及练习

英语句子结构分析基础及练习
英语句子结构分析基础及练习

句子成分

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

一:SV(主+谓)

二:SVP(主+系+表)

三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S│V(不及物动词)

1.The sun│was shining.太阳在照耀着。

2.The moon│rose.月亮升起了。

3.The universe│remains.宇宙长存。

4.We all│breathe,eat,and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5.Who│cares?管它呢?

6.What he said│does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。

7.They│talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。

8.The pen│writes smoothly这支笔书写流利。基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be,look, keep,seem等属一类,表示情况;get,grow,become,turn等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

S│V(是系动词)│P

1.This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。

2.The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。

3.He│fell│in love.他堕入了情网。

4.Everything│looks│different.一切看来都不同了。

5.He│is growing│tall and strong.他长得又高又壮

6.The trouble│is│that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7.Our well│has gone│dry.我们井干枯了。

8.His face│turned│red.他的脸红了。

There be结构:There be表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

S│V(及物动词)│O

1.Who│knows│the answer?谁知道答案?

2.She│smiled│her thanks.她微笑表示感谢。

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3.He│has refused│to help them.他拒绝帮他们。

4.He│enjoys│reading.他喜欢看书。

5.They│ate│what was left over.他们吃了剩饭。

6.He│said│"Good morning."他说:"早上好!"

7.I│want│to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。

8.He│admits│that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。

基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.

强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+代词直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.

S│V(及物)│o(多指人)│O(多指物)

1.She│ordered│herself│a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

2.She│cooked│her husband│a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。

3.He│brought│you│a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。

4.He│denies│her│nothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。

5.I│showed│him│my pictures.我给他看我的照片

6.I│gave│my car│a wash.我洗了我的汽车。

7.I│told│him│that the bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了。

8.He│showed│me│how to run the machine.他教我开机器。

基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。名词/代词宾格+名词

The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.

名词/代词宾格+形容词

New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

名词/代词宾格+介词短语

I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.

名词/代词宾格+动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.

名词/代词宾格+分词

I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

S│V(及物)│O(宾语)│C(宾补)

1.They│appointed│him│manager.他们任命他当经理。

2.They│painted│the door│green.他们把门漆成绿色

3.This│set│them│thinking.这使得他们要细想一想。

4.They│found│the house│deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。

5.What│makes│him│think so?他怎么会这样想?

6.We│saw│him│out.我们送他出去

7.He│asked│me│to come back soon.他要我早点回来。

8.I│saw│them│getting on the bus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称之为:定语、状语

一、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语:

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词:

Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语:

His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语:

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of9,and three of10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。名词作定语:

The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语:

The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语:

The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。

分词(短语)作定语:

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句:The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

二、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'

副词(短语)作状语:

The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)

The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

分词(短语)作状语:

He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)

不定式作状语:

The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.

名词作状语:

Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)

状语从句:

时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句

三、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:

We students should study hard./(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)

We all are students./(all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)

四、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。

感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

肯定词yes

否定词no

称呼语:称呼人的用语。

插入语:一些句中插入的I think,I believe,等。

如:The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.

情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然,等。

五、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。

例:

错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.正确:(1)Studying hard,you can make your score go up.

或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.

解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score.显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数).正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致(同为you);正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.

如:

Game(being)over,he went home.

He stands there,book(being)in hand.独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。

如:

With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)

句子成分练习题(一)

(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)

①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二)选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)

①I don't like the picture on the wall.

A.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall

②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A.get

B.longer

C.days

D.summer

③Do you usually go to school by bus?

A.Do

https://www.360docs.net/doc/fb2862261.html,ually

C.go

D.bus

④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A.will be

B.meeting

C.the library

D.afternoon

⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A.Did

B.twins

C.have

D.breakfast

⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A.Tom

B.didn't

C.do

D.his homework

⑦What I want to tell you is this.

A.want

B.to tell

C.you

D.is

⑧We had better send for a doctor.

A.We

B.had

C.send

D.doctor

⑨He is interested in music.

A.is

B.interested

C.in

D.music

⑩Whom did you give my book to?

A.give

B.did

C.whom

D.book

(三)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)

①My brother hasn't done his homework.

②People all over the world speak English.

③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?

⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦They made him monitor of the class.

⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩They didn't know who"Father Christmas"really is.

(四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)

①The old man was feeling very tired.

②Why is he worried about Jim?

③The leaves have turned yellow.

④Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤She was the first to learn about it.

(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)

①They use Mr.and Mrs.with the family name.

②What is your given name?

③On the third lap are Class1and Class3.

④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)

①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

②He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③She found it difficult to do the work.

④They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.

⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

(七)挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)

①There was a big smile on her face.

②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.

⑤With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.

⑥She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it,you must pay for it.

⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)

①Please tell us a story.

②My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.

④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.

⑤Did he leave any message for me?

句子成分练习题(二)

指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:

1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather.

2.People’s standards of living are going up steadily.

3.That was how they were defeated.

4.The nursery takes good care of our children.

5.I’ll return the book to you

6.We are sure that we shall succeed.

7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other.

8.There are many film that I’d like to see.

9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?

10.I have a lot of work to do.

11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it.

12.I said it in fun.

13.We can send a car over to fetch you.

14.She had to work standing up.

15.Seeing this,some comrades became very worried.

16.Much interested,he agreed to give it a try.

17.The bus arrived ten minutes late.

18.We should serve the people heart and soul.

19.Spring coming on,the tree turned green.

20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.

21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.

22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today.

23.It was in the library that I come today.

24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working.

25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.

句子成分练习题(三)

A

1、___six years since I began to study English.

A.It is

B.I have been

C.There are

D.It was

2、___in the room at that time.

A.Nobody was

B.Someone were

C.Who is

D.He are

3、IT'S very noisy outside.___is going on?

A.Who

B.What

C.Which

D.Where

4、___in English in class every day is important.

A.Speak

B.Talking

C.Saying

D.To tell

5、There must be____near the factory.

A.a book store

B.book store

C.books store

D.books stores

6、Although it's raining hard,___are still working in the fields.

A.but they

B.and they

C.they

D.since they

B

1、The doctor as well as the nurses___great concern for the patients.

A.show

B.shows

C.have shown

D.are showing

2、Your son must be a clever boy,___he?

A.is

B.isn't

C.must

D.mustn't

3、The computer center,___last year,is very popular among students in

this school.

A.open

B.opening

C.opened

D.being opened

4、I___go to the shop today,for there is a lot of food at home.

A.mustn't

B.had to

C.can't

D.needn't

5、Don't___excited.

A.get

B.is

C.seem

D.look

6This room___every morning.

A.is cleaning

B.is cleaned

C.cleans

D.cleaning

C

1、Glad to meet you!___is your full name?

A.What

B.Where

C.How

D.Who

2、He is___to lift the heavy box.

A.too weak

B.weak too

C.enough weak

D.weak enough

3、The days are___warmer and warmer in spring.

A.getting

B.looking

C.seeming

D.going

4、His job is____English.

A.teach

B.to teach

C.taught

D.teaches

5、Two balls are___.

A.under the desk

B.in the wall

C.to here

D.at desks

D

1、We should get ready___others.

A.helping

B.to help

C.help

D.help with

2、___interesting work we are doing?

A.What a

B.How

C.What

D.What an

3、I want___a teacher when I grow up.

A.to be

B.to

C.be

D.being

4、-Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?

-I don't think so.To be honest,I really don't feel like___on a picnic.

A.going

B.to go

C.go

D.went

5Do you know___?

A.where does he live

B.where he lives

C.where he live

D.if where he lives

6Let____do it again.

A.I

B.me

C.he

D.she

7I don't know___.

A.how to do

B.what to do

C.where to do

D.when to do

E

1、I saw him___basketball with Jack an hour ago.

A.plays

B.to play

C.played

D.play

2、Sorry,we've kept you___for a long time.

A.waited

B.sing

C.stand

D.waiting

3、The teacher told us____late again.

A.aren't be

B.don't be

C.not to be

D.not be

4、We find the room very___.

A.warm

B.warmly

C.terribly

D.hardly

F

1、I found___difficult to work together with him.

A.it

B.its

C.that

D.those

2、We all know___our duty to clean our classroom after school every

day.

A.that

B.this

C.which

D.it

3、He found___very interesting to play with the little dog.

A.what

B.it

C./

D.that

G

()1Tom said he___a good dream yesterday evening.

A.dream

B.dreamed

C.have

D.has

()2Children___a happy life in China.

A.lead

B.living

C.has

D.leading

H

()1America,Japan and Canada are___countries.

A.developing

B.developed

C.less developed

D.develop

()2-___skirt is that on the chair?

-Let me see.Oh,no,it's not mine.

A.Whose

B.What

C.Who's

D.Which

()3Do you have anything___?

A.saying

B.to say

C.said

D.say ()4Look,there is an___tree by the wall.

A.apple

B.apple's

C.apples'

D.apples

()5Where is____seat?

A.yours

B.your

C.you

D.yourselves

I

()1The box is___heavy for her___carry.

A.very;to

B.too;not to

C.too;to

D.very too;to

2-___did you buy the new bag?

-Last Monday.

A.Where

B.How

C.When

D.Who

3You can see these signs in a hospital.___can you see them?

A.Where else

B.Where place else

C.Where else place

D.Else where

4They went out___their old friends.

A.visit

B.visiting

C.to visit

D.visited

5There is a wide river____our village.

A.outside

B.over

C.from

D.below

J

1The young man,___works in the office.

A.me brother

B.my brother

C.my brothers

D.me

2Our English teacher,___often helps us with study.

A.Mrs.Wang

B.Mrs.Wang

C.Mrs.Wang's.

D.of him 3___,some railway workers are busy repairing the train.

A.Them

B.He

C.They

D.Theirs

初中英语五种基本句型结构

初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面: 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为: 单选(1分) 写句子(1分) 写作(1-2分) 阅读理解(1-2分) 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型,在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时,运用这些基本句型,对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中,首先要能运用好这些基本句型,才能得到高分。 (一)五种基本句型的句子成分: 1. 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语(verb):谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。

小学英语句子大全

小学英语句子大全 1、what问句 What’s your name? What’s in the picture/ your schoolbag/ your pencil-case/ the classroom? What do you like? What’s your father? What would you like? What’s this? What’s his /her name? What about you? What are you going to do after school/ this weekend/ this evening /this afternoon? What are you going to buy? What does he like to do? What’s your hobby? What does she/ he /your father/ your mother do? What are you going to be? What should we do then? What time is it? What does she do? What colour is it?

What are they? What are you doing? What’s the weather like in Beijing? What’s the matter? What size? What do you see in the picture? What are these? What do you do on the weekend? What’s your favourite season? What’s the weather like in spring? What would you like to do/eat? What’s the date today? What are they? What’s she doing? What are they doing? What is it doing? What are the ducks doing? What do ants like to eat? What do you have? What are you reading? What’s that? What do you do when you have the flu?

高中英语句子结构、成分分析-直接打印版

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一.SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。S│V不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │do es not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S│V(是系动词)│ PHis face │turned │red. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │fell │in love. 4. Everything │looks │different. 5.He│is growing │tall and strong. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 7. Our well │has gone │dry. There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等S│V及物动词│O1.Who │knows │the answer? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 3.He │has refused │to help them. 4. He │enjoys │reading. 5.They │ate │what was left over. 6. He │said │"Good morning." 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常人为间接宾语;物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如: Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please. S│V及物│o多指人)│O(多指物)1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 1 / 6

英语句子结构+动词练习题

英语句子五种基本结构+代词be动词初级练习题 1.S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(主谓结构) 2. S (主语)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓语)+ O(宾语)(主谓宾结构) 3. S (主语)+ V(谓语)(lv,系动词)+ P(表语)(主系表结构) 4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ In O(间接宾语)+ D O(直接宾语)(主语+双宾语结构) 5. S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾)+ O C(宾补)(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补结构) 练习题: 一、造句(请用自己中文写出以上五种基本句子的例句,并用横线划分句子结构) 例如:主谓宾结构 1、我喜欢吃苹果。(主谓宾) 二、判断句子结构,并用横线划分句子结构。 1、我和妹妹喜欢洋娃娃。 2、打排球是一件很有趣的事。 3、我爸爸是一位工程师。 4、我给我妹妹五个糖。 5、去北京是我的梦想。 6、王叔叔的儿子跳了起来。 7、打排球和踢足球是我的爱好。 8、把这件事做好是我们的主要任务。 9、我把钢笔还给了小明。 10、这件事情让我很开心。 11、李明、张红和张强的自行车都被偷了。 练习题:第一题:根据题目要求将所给代词的适当形式填入括号内(每个括号里只填 写一个单词)。 1、——This is my book. ——This is______.(I) 2、LiLy, where(在哪里) is ______ book?(you) 3、______are very nice. (I) 4、______am very good.(I) 5、______books are cheap(便宜).(they) 6、_______book is cheap.(she) 7、_______books are cheap.(she) 8、Dog is clever(聪明的),_____can(可以) find(找到)the way(路) back to ____ home.(it)(狗很聪明,它可以找到回它自己家的路) 第二题:根据题干选着合适的be动词填空。 1、I_____ a good student. 2、He ______a good student.

小学四种时态句子结构以及 各种时态标志词

小学四种时态句子结构以及各种时态标志 词 一般现在时的句型结构 一般现在时的标志词: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, five days a week, three times a month等. 1. 含有be动词的句子结构的变化: ①肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其他。如:I am a boy. 我是一个 男孩。 ②否定句:主语+ be + not +其他。 如:He is not a worker.他不是 工人。 ③一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它?如:-Are you a student? - Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. ④特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?如:Where is my bike? 2. 含有行为动词的句子结构的变化: ①肯定句:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学 习英语。 ②否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如: I don't like bread. He doesn't often play. ③一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其他? 如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. ④特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?即:疑问词+ Do( Does ) +主 语+动词原形+其他? 如:How does your father go to work?

高考英语句子结构剖析=

高考英语句子结构剖析 1、The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.(同位语从句、让步状语从句) 句意:拍电影和四年后出演The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实:尽管我们存在年龄差距,但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。 分析:本句的主干是The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中,grew out of... later为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词friendship;后面的although there was ... live TV为that引导的同位语从句,解释说明fact的内容。此外,同位语从句中还包含了一个although引导的让步状语从句。 2、We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.(同位语从句、条件状语从句、定语从句)

英语句子结构练习

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英语基本句子结构

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小学英语句型结构练习

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高考-英语句子结构详细剖析

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2、"Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,"replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in. 参考译文:在询问新父母所在的房间之前,丹尼斯回答道:“好吧,我不了解你们的全部,但我会到那里和孩子合影的。” 句式分析 整体分析:选句两部分。replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in为主句,其中before asking which room the new parents were in为状语。 Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby为引语,可以切分为两部分:I don’t know you all 和but I will get there to take pictures with the baby. 重点词汇 take pictures照相 replied回答,反应(reply的过去式和过去分词) parents双亲(parent的名词复数) 3、Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise ! 参考译文:令全家人惊讶的是,丹尼斯坚持了他的承诺!

英语句子结构分析及练习题课件

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英语句子的基本结构

英语句子的基本结构 英语句子由主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分构成。 主语:Subject=S.,表示句子所说的是什么人或事物。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词、代词的短语来充当。 谓语:Predicate,说明主语做什么、是什么或怎么样。 由动词Verb=V.来充当。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。 宾语:Object=O.,表示动作、行为的对象。及物动词Vt.后可以接双宾语 (即:间接宾语Indirect Object=Oi.; 直接宾语Direct Object=Od.)。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词代词的短语来充当。 表语:Predicative=P.,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 由名词n.、形容词adj.、代词pron.或相当于名词、形容词的短语来充当,和连系动词v.一起构成谓语。 补语:Object Complement=Oc.,放在某些及物动词Vt.的宾语O.后面,补充说明宾语的特征, 宾语和补语一起构成复合宾语。 根据谓语动词与其他成分的不同搭配,我们可以将英语句子归纳为以下五种基本句型 (祈使句除外) 1. 主语+不及物动词 S+Vi. Example: The teacher left yesterday. 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 S+Vt+O. Example: He teaches English. 3. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+Vt+Oi+Od Example: He teaches us English 或主语+及物动词+直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语 S+Vt +Od+for/to+ Oi He teaches English to us. 4. 主语+连系动词+表语 S+V+P Example: It is fine today. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S+Vt+O+Oc Example:

高三英语句子结构

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常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, e, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:(1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 (2) The aident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。(3)Spring is ing. (4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link. V (系动词) + Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。 其系动词一般可分为下列两类: 1.表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。 如:(1)This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。(2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 2.表示变化。这类系动词有:bee, turn, get, grow, go等。

(完整版)初中英语句子成分及练习

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英语五大基本句型结构介绍

句子的基本句型 由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分,按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。 句子成分的表示方法: S: Subject主语; V: Verb动词; O: Object宾语; P: Predicative表语; IO: Indirect Object间接宾语; DO:Direct Object 直接宾语

OC: Object Complement宾语补足语; ◇第一种句型:主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词,其后当然不能接宾语,但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议九点开始。 ◇第二种句型:主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO) 该句型所用动词都是及物动词,可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。 We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语) She stopped him. 她叫住了他。(代词作宾语) She wants to ask a question. 她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语) They enjoy listening to the classic music. 他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语) 注意:一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能,其后就可以接宾语了。 这一类词组有:listen to 听;look at 看;look after 照看;look for 寻找;arrive at/in 到达等。 May I turn on the light? 我可以开灯吗? What are you looking for? 你在找什么? ◇第三种句型:主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词的后面必须接表语,说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。 She became a lawyer last year. 去年,她成为了一名律师。 He is honest. 他是诚实的。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气渐渐冷了。 It tastes delicious. 这好吃极了。 下列动词也作连系动词使用:look 看起来;smell 闻起来;sound 听起来;taste 尝起来;feel 感觉;keep 保持;grow/go/get/turn变得。 ◇第四种句型:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,但某些动词,除直接宾语外,还要求一个间接宾语,以表示该动词所表示的动作所及的人或物,通常由名词或代词的宾格担任。 She gave me a ticket for that film. 她给了我一张那部电影的票。

小学英语基本句子结构与句型转换

小学英语基本句子结构与句型转换 (一) 主语+ 实义动词(词组)+ 其它。 如:①We go to school on Monday.(我们星期一上学。) ②He reads a book in the morning.(他早上读书。) ③It starts at three o’clock.(它3点钟开始。) 需要注意的是,当主语是第一人称(I,We),第二人称(You),第三人称复数(They,Ann and Ken等)时,谓语动词用原形; 但当主语是第三人称单数(He,She,It,Ken,Mocky等)时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式(如例句②③)。 (二)一起构成谓语,表示主语的个性、特征、状态,其基本句子结构: 主语+ be + 表语(形容词、名词组、介词组等)+ 其它。 I am tall.(我是高的。) ⑤Allen is late for dinner. (Allen晚饭迟到了。) ⑥You are a good student. (你是一个好学生。) ⑦Today is Monday. (今天是星期一。) ⑧The bird is on the rock. (这只鸟在岩石上。) (三)一起构成谓语,表示人物的看法,其基本句子结构:主语+ can + 动词原形(词组)+ 其它。 如:⑨We can play with you on Sunday.(星期日我们能和你玩。)⑩Uncle Booky can help you.(Booky大叔可以帮你。) (四)陈述句变一般疑问句: 一般疑问句是疑问句的一种,意为“谁……吗?”,通常用Yes或No来回答,其基本句子结构: 助词do/系动词be/情态动词can + 主语+ 其它? (1)实义动词作谓语的陈述句变一般疑问句时,要凭借助词Do或Does来完成,方法是在主语前加助词Do或Does,主语后一律用动词原形,句尾变为“?”即可。 其答语为:Yes,主语+ do/does。或No,主语+ don’t/doesn’t。 需要注意的是,主语是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数时,与助词Do搭配;主语是第三人称单数时,与助词Does搭配(助词do的第三人称单数形式是does)。 如:⑾Do we go to school on Monday?(我们星期一上学吗?)------Yes,we do. / No,we don’t. ⑿Does he read a book in the morning?(他早上读书吗?)------Yes,he does. / No,he doesn’t. ⒀Does it start at three o’clock?(它3点钟开始吗?) ------Yes,it does.. / No,it doesn’t. (2)系动词be或情态动词can作谓语的陈述句变一般疑问句时,可直接将be或can提到主语前,句尾变为“?”即可。

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