非谓语动词全面讲解
非謂语动词（一）
一、Done
被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。
完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。
句法功能
表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished.
The door remained locked.
They seemed worried.
定语：划出下列句子的定语部分
The broken glass is still lying on the table.
The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived.
A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up.
He sent them his newly-invented devices.
She was reading a novel written by Dickens.
The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter.
The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well.
翻译：
他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。
宾补
1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。
We found him greatly changed.
2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。
He made himself understood in spoken English.
3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。
She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped.
翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了
状语
方式和伴随情况
The teacher went out, followed by some pupils.
The old man sat on the chair, lost in thought.
翻译：带着枪和刀，三个大男人冲出了那房子。
条件
Heated to a high temperature, water changes into vapor.
如果用白色粉刷, the house will appear nicer.
原因和理由
Done in a hurry, T om's exercise was full of mistakes.
Wounded badly, he was sent to hospital.
由于在在旅途后很疲惫, they went to bed early.
时间
Dismissed by the boss of the hotel, John never got a job. Questioned by the police, the man was very much afraid.
让步
Badly wounded in the leg, the soldier refused to withdraw.
Protected by 3 fences, Robinson Crusoe still felt unsafe.
非被动意义的done非谓结构
Be faced with;
Be lost
Be determined to
Be armed with
巩固练习（一）：
用上非谓语动词结构完成句子
1.那个受伤的男人被送去了医院
without delay.
2.由于匆匆忙忙地完成，, T om's
homework was full of mistakes and errors.
3.我将会把我的房子重新粉刷。
4.今天下午修的那辆车
belongs to one of my friends.
5.An old man was collecting
院子里的落叶
6.The police were 寻
找那个逃跑的男人。
7.他试着让自己英语口语被别人明白。
8.He works and lives in 被
绿树围饶着的学校。
9.他感觉自己被抬进一辆车里。
10.It's very important for you to
keep .让你父母得知你的状况。（inform）
参考答案：
（一）
The injured man was sent to hospital
Done in a hurry
I'll have my house repainted.
The car repaired this afternoon
the fallen leaves in the yard.
searching for the escaped man.
He tried to make his broken English understood.
a school surrounded by green trees.
He felt himself carried into a carriage.
your parents informed of your situation.
二、Doing
动名词及现在分词的意义：表示动作正在进行、强调动作的过程，或者主动
1.作主语：可用it 作形式主语
T alking is easier than doing.
Learning English well is not an easy work.
用it 作形式主语：
It is no use crying over spilt (溢出来的) milk.
句型：it is no use / good doing sth.
2.作表语，现在分词作表语(相当于+ing 变成形容词)
动名词：对主语说明、解释。
The story is touching. （感人的）
His hobby is collecting stamps.
3.作宾语
你介意把音乐声调低一点吗？
I always practice speaking English in the morning.
用动名词作宾语的部分动词：
Enjoy，be busy doing，imagine，can’t help doing, finish Practice, avoid, miss, keep (on), mind, be worth doing, consider,
prevent sb from, quit, devote…to doing
翻译：自从被女朋友严重警告之后，他停止了吸烟。
4.现在分词作宾补（动作正在进行或强调过程）
我感觉到火车正慢慢停下来。
I see him passing my house every day.
5.作定语：修饰一个名词或者代词，可以前置或后置
I saw a weeping（哭泣的）girl on my way home.
后置: 修饰something, nothing nobody或those, 较长的定语The boy playing the violin over there will take part in a violin competition(比赛).
改成定语从句：
There is nothing interesting in his story.
6.作状语：（伴随，原因等）
Following T om, we started to climb the mountain.
T aking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
翻译：从山顶上望下去，我们可以欣赏到城里极美的风景。
非谓语动词（二）
一、分词的特殊时态和语态变化
主动被动
Having done: 非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前
The secretary worked late into the night, _ __ (prepare)a long speech for her boss.
He was praised for (finish)the work ahead of time.
Having heard that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
Being done：被动动作放在介词后面；强调动作正在进行，
We must do something to prevent water from （pollute）
(surround) by the students, the teacher was answering questions one by one.
Having been done: having done & being done 的结合
Having been told many times, he finally understood it.
用上述所学知识写三个句子：
巩固练习一：
1.Who are these people with banners（横幅）? -A group _____ （call）itself the league（联盟）for Peace.
2.T o their great fear, they found themselves ________ （catch）in the heaviest snowfall they had ever had.
3.Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could __________ (enter) a good college.
4.It rained heavily in the south，(cause )serious flooding in several provinces.
5. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano.
6.________ （see）from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
7.I'm calling to enquire(咨询) about the position ___ (advertise )in yesterday's China Daily.
8.Though___________（surprise）to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
9.While shopping, people sometimes can't help _____ (persuade)into buying something they don't really need．
10.T ony was very unhappy for _____ (invite)to the party．
11.He ran as fast as he could ____________ (hope) to catch the early bus.
12.He spent every minute he could ___________（practise）spoken English.
13.Before going abroad he devoted all he could __________（improve）his oral English.
14.Not only should you get used_________ ( work) under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _________ your work well.
二、to do 不定式：主动、表示目的以及将要的动作
作主语：
1、按时到达那对我们来说是不可能的。
2、It is very kind of you to help us. 句中真正的主语是：
作宾语
3、He managed to escape from the fire.
4、I find it important to learn a foreign language.（it 作形式宾语）
5、我觉得逃脱照顾这位老人的责任是羞耻的。
to escape the responsibility of taking care of the old man.
后接不定式作宾语的部分动词：
hope, expect, pretend, desire, wait, exist, fail, plan, arrange, prepare, learn, choose, manage, want, decide, determine, help, agree, demand, promise, dare, refuse
动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try
Remember to do remember doing
Regret to do regret doing
Mean to do mean doing
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour.
A waiting
B to waiting
C wait
D to be waiting
作宾补
6、We consider him to be one of the best students in our class.
7、He warned me to be careful in darkness.
T o do 作宾补的部分动词
want, warn, order, encourage, inspire，urge, allow, expect, ask, advise, persuade, invite, teach,
省略“to” 的不定式作宾补：在被动句要还原来to
Make, have, let, see, observe, hear, help
翻译：那些男孩最后是被看到在河里游泳。
作表语
8、His dream is to be a doctor.
9、The question is how to put it into practice.
作定语
11、I have a lot of data to type. (to be typed)
12、Though living a hard life, I hope to have many books to read.
作状语:
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
He came to the school to see his son.
He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.
We were very excited to hear the news.
a)他看起来像是在吃东西。（seem）
b)I’m sorry to(带给你那么多麻烦)
c)He require to (send) to Tibet. 他要求被派到去。
d)有很多有天赋的演员在那外面等着被发现。
e)当母亲叫他做家务的时候，他总假装在睡觉。
巩固练习二：用非谓语结构翻译句子
1.我花了两个多小时做好这份计划。然而老板却对它不满意。
2.虽然对美国了解极少，他仍然下决心去周游一番。
3.我决定教他学英语，以免他再次在考试时催我帮他作弊。
4.我发现玩好电脑游戏也是有困难的。
5.他是第一个想到这个主意的人。
6.我想要这个案件深入调查，使一切细节都清晰。
7.在一个女孩的支撑下，那老太太下了车。
8.如果能给予更多关注，这些树会长得更好。
9.被德军突然的袭击震惊了，波兰政府陷入了茫然，不知道要做什么。
翻译参考答案：
1.It took me more than two hours to finish this plan. But the boss wasn’t
satisfied with it.
2.Though knowing little about America, he determined to travel around it.
3.I decide to teach him to learn English, in case he urge me to help him (to)
cheat in the exam
4.I find it difficult to play computer games well.
5.He is the first person to think of the idea.
6.I want the case investigated further to make every detail clear.
7.Supported by a girl, the old lady got off the bus.
8.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
9.Shocked by the sudden attack of the German army, the Poland
Government was at a loss and didn’t know what to do.