名词、数词、冠词

名词、数词、冠词
名词、数词、冠词

名词、数词、冠词预习方案

中山实验学校黄金霞

名词的预习

一、可数名词复数的规则变化

1.一般词尾加s;

2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词词尾加-es;

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加-es;

4.以o结尾的词加-s或-es(词尾加-es口诀:黑人,英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿. Negroes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoes);

5.以f或fe结尾的变f或fe为v再加-es;

注意:scarf-scarfs / scarves, giraffe- giraffes; roof –roofs

二、可数名词复数的不规则变化

①,改变字母变复数

man- men, woman -women, child-children, foot- feet, mouse-mice, tooth- teeth

(男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙)

②,表示“某国人”的名词变复数

中日瑞士不变英法变(变a为e),其他直接加-s (Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Englishmen, Frenchmen, Americans, Germans,Italians, Australians)

三、可数名词复数的特殊形式

1.单复数同型:fish, deer, sheep;

2.复数名词clothes,socks, pants, glasses, shoes 等;

3.集体名词:class, family, team, group等作单数表示整体,作复数强调成员;

4.形式上是复数,意义上是单数的名词,news,math, physics 等

5.复合名词的复数通常变后面中心名词为复数:a bus driver-two bus drivers;

由man, woman修饰的复合名词都变复数:a man teacher -three men teachers

四、不可数名词量的表达:

1.“基数词+量词(单位名词)+of短语”

量词可数,数词大于1时,要用复数形式:3 cups of tea,2 pieces of bread

2.不可数名词可用,some,any a little,a lot of, lots of, much等修饰

五、名词所有格的构成:

1.无生命的名词所有格一般由of构成

the windows of the room房间的窗户

2.有生命的名词在词尾加-'s构成所有格

Jane' s English book简的英语书

注意:①若是以-s结尾的复数名词只在词尾加“'”

International Workers' Day国际劳动节

the teachers' office教师办公室

②表示两者共同拥有的人或物时,只需在并列名词中的

后一个名词后加-'s构成所有格;表示两者各自拥有的人

或物时,需要并列的每个名词的后面加-'s构成所有格。

Lucy and Lily's room is very clean and tidy.露西和莉莉的房间非常干净整洁。(房间是两人共有的)

Lucy's and Lily's books are on the desk.露西和莉莉的

书在桌子上。(书是两人各自拥有的)

③有些表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等无生命的名词也可用-'s构成所有格,

ten minutes' walk=a ten-minute walk步行十分钟的路程

the world' s population世界的人口

3.双重所有格的构成:...of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词

He' s a friend of Li Ming's.他是李明的一个朋友。

Lucy is a friend of mine.露西是我的一个朋友

4.表在店铺、住家、公共建筑物、办公室等时,所有格后常省略名词

at Mr. White's (house), at the doctor's (office)

5.特殊所有格

to也表示所有关系:the key to the door, the answer to the question, the way to... ,

the exit / entrance to(...的出口/入口)

数词的预习

一、基数词

1)基数词一般可写成如345或three hundred and forty-five。

2)基数词一般是单数形式,但遇下列情况,常用复数:

a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如thousands of people 指成千上万人;

b. 在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里。例如:

They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地到了。

c. 表示“几十岁”,如in his forties在他四十多岁时

d. 表示“年代”,用 in +the +数词复数。如in the 1980s在二十世纪八十年代

e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如Three fives is(are)fifteen。

二、时刻表示法

1.英语通常用at引导表示时刻的短语。如:

(at)six / six o‘clock

(at)eight / eight o‘clock

2.如说几点几分,用下面的方法

a)表示几点过几分,用介词past,但分钟数须在半小时以内包括半小时。如:

7:11 eleven past seven

8:15 a quarter past eight

9:30 half past nine

b)表示几点差几分,用介词to,但分钟数需要在半小时以上不包括半小时。如:6:58 two to seven

7:45 a quarter to eight

8:42 eighteen to nine

三、序数词

1. 基数词变序数词口诀:

基变序,有规律,末尾加上th;

一二三,特殊记,八加h,九去e, ve要用f替,

以y结尾变ie, 后跟th莫忘记;

若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。

2.序数词的用法

a. 序数词前必须加the,如:

The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。

b.序数词前若有限定词,则不用加the。如:

It is my third time to visit Beijing. 这是我第三次到北京。

c.序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一,再一”,内含顺序性。如:

We’ve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了,还必须再试一次(第四次)吗?

四、分数词表示法

1.分数词是以基数词和序数词合成的,基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子是“1”的情况外,序数词都是用复数,(分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”)如:

1/4 one-fourth 2/3 two-thirds 7/9 seven-ninths 5/12 five-twelfths

2.另外还有下面一些表示法:

1/2 (one) a half 1/4 a (one ) quarter 3/4 three-quarters

3.分数的应用

分数在句中可以充当主语或宾语,作主语时常与of连用谓语动词的形式和of后的名词保持一致。

Two sevenths of my classmates are interested in physics.我的同学之中有七分之二对物理感兴趣。

冠词的预习

1. 不定冠词的用法

冠词本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词,另一种是不定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。

不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。

1)表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物。例如:

A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。

2)代表一类人或物。例如:

A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。

Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程师。

3)组成词组或成语,如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。

2. 定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但意义较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1)特指双方都明白的人或物。例如:

Take the medicine. 把药吃了。

2)上文提到过的人或事。例如:

He bought a house. I’ve been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

3)指世上独一无二的事物,如the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth等。

4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。

5)用在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词only,very,same等前面。例如:

Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。

That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。

6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。例如:

They are the teachers of this school. (指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)

7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如:

She caught me by the arm. 她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如:

the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国

the United States美国

9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。

例如:She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。

10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。例如:

the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)

11)用在惯用语中。例如:

in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end, on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre

3. 零冠词的用法

1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary。

2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词。例如:

They are teachers. 他们是教师。

3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。例如:

Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。

4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词。例如:

Man cannot live without water. 离开水人就无法生存。

5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词。例如:

We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。例如:

The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词,如have breakfast,play chess。

8)当两个或两个以上的名词并用时,常省去冠词。例如:

I can’t write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。

9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,如by bus,by train。

10)有些个体名词不用冠词,如school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。例如:

go to hospital去医院看病

go to the hospital去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

11)不用冠词的序数词;

a. 序数词前有物主代词时。

b. 序数词作副词。例如:He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。

c. 在固定词组中,如at(the)first, first of all, from first to last等。

4. 冠词与形容词+名词结构

1)两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同的人或物。例如:

He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。

The black and the white cats are hers. 这黑猫和白猫都是她的。

2)如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一人或一物。例如:

He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。

5. 冠词位置

1)不定冠词位置

不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:

a. 位于such,what,many,half等形容词之后。例如:

I have never seen such an animal. 我从来没见过这样的动物。

Many a man is fit for the job. 许多人适合这岗位。

b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。例如:

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. 我从未这么高兴过。

so short a time 如此短的时间

too long a distance 距离太远了

c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词时,不定冠词放其前后均可,如:rather a cold day/a rather cold day。

d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后。例如:

Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。

2)定冠词位置

定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。例如:

All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了

当堂检测:

一、单项选择

( )1.(2019·河北中考) I like this song. It's by one of my favorite__________.

A. singers

B. dancers

C. painters

D. writers

( )2.(2015·河北中考) Could you please take my picture? Here is my________.

A. printer

B. radio

C. player

D. camera

( )3.(2014·河北中考) I want a sweet milk. Put some _______ in my cup, please.

A. ice

B. soup

C. salt

D. sugar

( )4.(2013·河北中考) Jason likes the______ of the cake. It is a heart.

A. color

B. size

C. smell

D. shape

( )5.(2012·河北中考) I'd like a _______ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health.

A. potato

B. banana

C. candy

D. pie

( )6.(2019·石家庄42中二模)---Kids often feel better in a happy family.

---That's true. A happy family provides a loving ________ for its children.

A. expression

B. environment

C. encouragement

D. development

( )7.(2019·保定二模) Can you imagine what life will be like in _____ time?

A. 20 years’

B. 20 year's

C. 20-years’

D. 20-years

( )8. There will be ___ _ interview between the manager and his assistants this afternoon.

A. an

B. a

C. the

D. /

( )9. Little Tony is __________honest boy. He never tells lies.

A. a

B. an

C. /

D. the

( )10. Please stay for dinner. It will be ready in half ______ hour.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

( )11. Can you see _____ one-eyed cow in _____field?

A. an, the

B. a, the

C. /, the

D. a, a

( )12. A: Which girl is your daughter, Mr. White?

B: Oh, look, that little one in _____ red.

A. a

B. an

C. /

D. the

( )13. Who is that man,______ in the front row?

A. one

B. the one

C. first

D. the first

( )14. Five hundred yuan a month _____ enough to live on.

A. is

B. are

C. is being

D. has been

( )15. ______ of the buildings were ruined.

A. Three fourth

B. Three four

C. Three-fourths

D. Three-four

二、词语运用

1.(2018·河北中考)Mr. Du said I could be a good example to my ____________ (classmate).

2.(2017·河北中考) We have different ________ (class) every day.

3.(2015·河北中考) Mom and Dad send their best ________ (wish).

4.(2013·河北中考) These shoes are too big for my ________ (foot).

5. But schools say dress codes help protect ________ (student) safety.

6.(2018·河北中考) Later in the ________ (three) class, Mr. Du came in and asked me to go to the front.

7.(2017·河北中考) My friend Sam is in the ________ (ten) grade.

8.(2014·河北中考)Art is my _________ (five) class in the timetable today.

9.(2013·河北中考) Susan will sing some pop songs at her ______ (one) concert

10.(2012.河北中考) Jack got the ________ (four) place in the 100-meter race.

答案:

一、单项选择:

1-5ADDDB 6-10BAABB 11-15BCDAC

二、词语运用:

1.classmates

2.classes

3.wishes

4.feet

5.students’

6.third

7.tenth

8.fifth

9.first 10.fourth

名词、数词、冠词

名词、数词、冠词预习方案 中山实验学校黄金霞 名词的预习 一、可数名词复数的规则变化 1.一般词尾加s; 2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词词尾加-es; 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加-es; 4.以o结尾的词加-s或-es(词尾加-es口诀:黑人,英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿. Negroes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoes); 5.以f或fe结尾的变f或fe为v再加-es; 注意:scarf-scarfs / scarves, giraffe- giraffes; roof –roofs 二、可数名词复数的不规则变化 ①,改变字母变复数 man- men, woman -women, child-children, foot- feet, mouse-mice, tooth- teeth (男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙) ②,表示“某国人”的名词变复数 中日瑞士不变英法变(变a为e),其他直接加-s (Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Englishmen, Frenchmen, Americans, Germans,Italians, Australians) 三、可数名词复数的特殊形式 1.单复数同型:fish, deer, sheep; 2.复数名词clothes,socks, pants, glasses, shoes 等; 3.集体名词:class, family, team, group等作单数表示整体,作复数强调成员; 4.形式上是复数,意义上是单数的名词,news,math, physics 等 5.复合名词的复数通常变后面中心名词为复数:a bus driver-two bus drivers; 由man, woman修饰的复合名词都变复数:a man teacher -three men teachers 四、不可数名词量的表达: 1.“基数词+量词(单位名词)+of短语” 量词可数,数词大于1时,要用复数形式:3 cups of tea,2 pieces of bread 2.不可数名词可用,some,any a little,a lot of, lots of, much等修饰 五、名词所有格的构成:

名词、代词、冠词、数词综合练习题

名词、代词、冠词、数词综合练习题 1 There are ___ days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2 There are____ students in this school. A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.______people visit this museum every day. A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of 4.There are two___ people in the meeting room. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of 5.Every year ___ watch NBA on TV. A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people D. million of people 6.____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of 7.Look! There are ___ in the sky. A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star 8. My brother is in____. A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 9. We are going to learn___ this term. A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six 10. Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud. A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second 11. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five

名词、冠词、数词

名词、冠词、数词 (一)名词 名词有可数与不可数之分,有数和所有格的变化。名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、 表语、同位语和定语等。 考点1 :名词的数 考向一:可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 考向二:可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 第一条,a 变 e (man — men,woman —women ) 第二条,oo 变成两只 e (goose —geese, tooth —teeth,foot —feet ) 第三条,看见孩子长大成ren (child —children ) 第四条,老鼠爱大米(mouse —mice ) 第五条,绵羊和鱼都一样(sheep —sheep,fish —fish ) 第六条,各国人,都好记:中日不变英法变,其他后面加 -s (Japa nes —Japa nese,Chi nes —Chi nese,E nglishmar —E nglishme n,Fre nchmar — Fre n chme n, Germar —Germa ns ) 考向三:不可数名词量的表达

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名词冠词数词代词介词

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