(完整word版)中考复习名词用法讲解.doc
语法总复习
名词
一、考纲解读
明确考点在历年中考中所占分数比例是提高学习效率的首要条件，要做到心中有数！
二、学习与应用
我们知道，构成句子的两个主要成分是主语和谓语，谓语由动词或者动词短语来充当，
而主语则主要是由咱们名词或者名词短语来构成。由此可见名词多么重要！那还等什么
呢？快快进入咱们名词世界畅游吧！
常考点知识清单
名词的分类
名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类，普通名词又分为可数名词和
1.可数名词：
________ 两类。
有单数和复数之分，表示一个或者多少。单数名词表泛指，在前面加
冠词后得单词以_____ 音素开头时前用an，反之用 a 。例如 an -s/-es 。例如： books/classes。
可数名词复数的变化形式
a.规则变化ugly
a/an. 例如 a man/an old man。当不定
man/a useful book 。复数形式通常加
【巧学妙记】
1 ．以 -o 结尾，复数加 -es 的，初中阶段主要有以下几个单词：
Negro 黑人 hero 英雄 potato 马铃薯 tomato 西红柿 Negroes
and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes.
黑人和英雄喜欢吃马铃薯和西红柿
2 ．以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词变复数改成-v 加 -es，初中阶段主要有以下几个单词：
Leaf 树叶half 一半self 自己wife 妻子knife 刀子shelf 架子wolf
狼thief 小偷life 生命树叶半数自己黄，妻子操刀去割粮
架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命亡
3 ．以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词变复数时，只加-s 的，初中阶段主要有以下几个单词：
gulf 海湾， roof 屋顶， chief 首领， serf 农奴， belief 信仰， proof 证据， handkerchief手帕。可以记为：海湾边，屋顶上，首领农奴两相望
谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上
b.不规则变化
【巧学妙记】
名词中单复数相同得，初中英语主要有以下几个单词： Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 Sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿，
可以记为：中国人和日本人喜爱绵羊和鹿
注意事项：
1.people 作人们讲时，看做复数，不能加 -s，谓语动词用复数形式； family, class 是集体名词，即指单数，又
指复数，谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数，具体根据语境而定
2. 有些名词以 -s 结尾，但表达的是单数意义，例如：news/maths/politics/physics/the United States 等
3. 常以复数形式出现的名词，例如 glasses/trousers/shoes/gloves/socks/shorts 等，要表达它们得量时常
用 pair ，例如： a pair of glasses/trousers/shoes/gloves 等 .
4. the+ 姓氏复数表示一家人或夫妇二人，例如the Greens 格林一家 /格林夫妇。
5. 年分前面加 the ，后面加 -s，表示年代，例如：the 1990s 20 世纪 90 年代，
6. 名词作定语时，不用复数形式，例如： a shoe shop/an apple tree ，如果要表示复数，就去掉不定冠词，
把名词词组中的最后一个名词变成复数形式，例如apple trees 。但是也有例外，当 man/woman 作定语时，如果后面的名词是复数，则 man ，woman 也要变成复数。如：a woman teacher — three women teachers 。
2．不可数名词：
a.可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语
a lot of, lots of, some, a little, little
数词 +容器 +of+ 不可数名词
a glass of water—two glasses of water
b.常用得不可数名词
food/meat/fish/chicken/pork/beef/mutton/drink/orange/milk/tea/Coke/water/rice/bread/homework/news/pa
per/ice/rain/snow/wind/cloud/air/weather/maths/Chinese/English/music/information/fun/work等
【巧学妙记】八句歌诀
可数不可数好分辨，名词所示物分两半
如每半不能叫原名，那该词可数最公平
每半还能把原名叫，不可数名词就遇到
有的名词是两面堵，意变不可数为可数
一般来说，一个动物，活着的时候是可数的，肉是不可数的。
3
例如 : some chickens一些鸡/some chicken一些鸡肉
有些不可数名词以复数形式出现时，意思有所变化，如下表：
有些名词既能做可数名词，又能做不可数名词，但含义不同，如下表：
名词的所有格
【知识拓展】
1. 有不少名词在汉语中是可数的，但在英语中却不可数，我们不能说 a new/a bread/a cloth 等。如果要表
示“一则 /片 /件”这一概念时，就要加 a piece of 这样的定语，例如 a piece of news
2. 有些名词以 -s 结尾，但它们却不是复数。例如：physics/maths/politics/news
3.数词 +名词 +形容词构成的复合形容词中，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。例如：
She is a five-year-old girl
经典例题
1.Mr. Black gave us ____ on how to learn
English well.
A. an advice
B. many advices
C. some advice
D. some advices
2.You can get much ______ about the World Expo on the Internet.
A. map
B. picture
C. ticket
D. information
3. I saw many _________ eating grass on the hill.
A. horse
B. cow
C. rabbit
D. sheep
4.I d on’ t think looking after children is just
work.
A. woman
B. woman ’s
C. women
D. women’s
5. The hospital is a bit far from here. It ’abouts _______.
A. forty minutes walk
B. forty minute walks’
C. forty minutes ’ walks
D. forty minutes ’ walk
6.There are a lot of ______ planting trees on the
hill.
A. boy
B. people
C. girl
D. student
7.－ Your English is very good. Who taught you?
－Nobody. I taught ______.
A. me
B. him
C. himself
D. myself
8.Listen! The ______ are singing in the
next room.
A. twins babies
B. twin babies
C. twins’ baby
D. twin’ s baby
历年中考真题
1. In autumn there are a lot of _______on the
ground. (2013茂名，27)
A. leaf
B. leafs
C. leaves
2. ------ I ’ m very thirsty now. (2013梅州，32)
-------Would you like some______?
A. tea
B. fish
C. noodles
D. potatoes
3. — Mum ,I ’ ve heard that we can’ t eat ____ these
days. Is it true?(2013广东，28)
— Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.
A. chicken
B. chickens
C. a chicken
D. the chicken
4.________ school is quite near the bus station.
（2012 茂名， 27 ）
A. Ted and Tom’ s
B. Ted ’ s and Tom ’ s
C.
Ted and Tom
5.The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’ s farm and
saw many_____there. (2012广东，28)
A.bird
B.duck
C.sheep
D.rabbit
6. --- How many are there on the
table? (2011湛江，22)
--- Only two.
A.glasses of orange
B. glasses of oranges
C. glass of orange
D. glasses of oranges
7. –---Could you please tell me something about
the two_______?
–----________.They are exchange students of No. 1 Middle School. (2011深圳，4)
A. Frenchmen; Yes, please
B. Frenchmans; Come on
C. Germen; Not at all
D. Germans; All right
8.I'm so hungry. Please give me ______ to
eat (2011 清远， 38)
A. three bread B three pieces of bread
C. three pieces of breadsD three piece of bread
5
经典例题
历年中考真题
9. We all think football is not only ____ game.
9. We can see two in the picture.
Some girls like football, too.
A. a boy ’s (2010 茂名， 31)
B. boy ’s
B. apples trees
C. boys A. apple tree
’
D. the boys ’
C. apple trees
10. There are a lot of yellow _____ on the tree when autumn comes. A. leafs
B. leaves
10.Tomorrow I ’ m going to my______.It
’ s a____.
(2010 江门， 29)
C. apple
D. banana
A.aunt;five minutes ’ walk
11. There are about one hundred teachers in our
’ s walk school. Two thirds of them are _______. B.aunt ’ s;five minute
C.aunt;five minute ’ s walk
A. women teachers
B. woman teachers
’ walk
C. women teacher
D.aunt ’ s;five minutes
D. woman teacher
．
11.---Two ________died in the accident
12 ．— They are thirsty. Will you please give them
深圳， 2)
______ ?
---_________terrible it is! (2009
A.policemen ， How
B.policeman,What — Certainly.
C.police,What
D.policemans,How
A. some bottles of waters
12 . ― It' s really hot today. What drinks d
o we B. some bottles of water
have in the fridge? (2009 广东， 44)
C. some bottle of water
― We have some .
D. some bottle of waters
A. noodle
B. cheese
13 ．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident
D. lemonade
yesterday.
C. sausages
A. tooth
B. feet
C. hand
D. ear
.
14 ．There is some _______ on the plate.
13. Near our school there are two
(2009 肇庆， 23)
A. cakes
B. meat
A. shoes shops
B. shoes shop
C. shoe shops
C. potato
D. pears
15 ．The______ has two _______ .
14.Nowadays people can get much
A. boys; watches
B. boy; watch
C. oy; watches
D. boys; watch
from TV, newspapers and the Internet.
(2009 梅州， 32)
A. ideas
B. stories
C. photos
D. information
15.Three____are eating
the grass at the foot of
the mountain. (2009 广州， 27)
A.sheeps
B.sheep
C.sheepes
D.ships
练习题参考答案：
经典例题：
1~5 CDDDD
6~10 BDBCB
11~15 ABBBC
中考真题：
1~5 CAAAC
6~10 ADBCD
11~15 ADCDB