西方经典思想课后翻译

西方经典思想课后翻译
西方经典思想课后翻译

第一单元:

1.Thou shouldst eat to live ; not live to eat. 你应该为了活而吃;而不是为了吃而活

2. The only good is knowledge and the only evil is ignorance. 唯一的善,是知识;唯一的恶,是无知。

3. .The hour of departure has arrived, and we go our ways - I to die, and you to live. Which is better God only knows. 分手的时刻已经到来,我们将各走各的路─我将死了,你将活着。那一种比较好呢?只有神知道。

4. True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing. 真正的知识在于知道自己的无知。

5. If a man is proud of his wealth, he should not be praised until it is known how he employs it.

如果一个人以他的财富为骄傲,那么要看他如何运用财富,才知道他是否应该被称赞。

6. Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, because they have to say something.智者说话,是因为他们有话要说;愚昧人,因为他们想说

7. Living well and beautifully and justly are all one thing. --Plato好的生活和精美的公正都是一件事。——柏拉图

8.The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men. –Plato.好人对于公众事务冷漠的代价就是,被邪恶的人奴役。

9.We are twice armed if we fight with faith. –Plato

10.It is the mark of an educated man to be able to entertain a thought withou accepting it. 能够在不接受一种思想的情况下去思考它,这是一个受过教育的人的标志。

11.What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. –Aristotle朋友是什么?两个躯体,却拥有着相同的灵魂。...

12We make war that we may live in peace.战争才能带来和平——亚里斯多德(

13..I count him braver who overcomes his desires than him who overcomes his enemies.

--Aristotle我认为克服自己欲望的人比征服敌人的人更为勇敢

14.Anybody can become angry, that is easy; but to be angry with the right person, and to the right degree, and at the right time, and for the right purpose, and in the right way, that is not within everybody's power and is not easy. --Aristotle,生气谁都会,但什么时候对什么人生气,生气到什么程度,这是很难学会的。

15.If thou wilt make a man happy, add not unto his riches but take away from his desires. --Epicurus想要获得快乐,不是增加财富,而是降低欲望。

第二单元:

1. Men willingly believe what they wish. 人往往一厢情愿.

2. I would rather be first in a little lberian village than second in Rome. 我宁愿在伊比利亚的

一个小村庄中第一也不愿在罗马第二。

3. I came, I saw, I conquered.我来了,我看见了,我征服了。

4. Gratitude is not only the greatest of virtues, but the parent of a

ll others.感恩不仅是最好的美德,还是其它品德的根

5. A mind without instruction can no more bear fruit than can a field,

however fertile, without cultivation.心灵,倘若未受教育,诚如未经耕作的田野,无论其多么肥沃,终不能结果。西塞罗

6. The wise are instructed by reason;ordinary minds,by experience;the s

tupid,by necessity; and brutes,by instinct.聪明人循理智办事,平常人照经验办事,蠢人按需要办事,畜生凭本能办事

7.what is allowed us is disagreeable,what is denied us causes us intense

desire .

8.When you arise in the morning, think of what a precious privilege it is to be alive - to

breathe, to think, to enjoy, to love.universe.当你在清晨醒来,想想活着是一种多么珍贵的特权呀?—你还能呼吸,还能思考,还能享受,还能去爱。奥里利乌斯

9.He who lives in harmony with himself lives in harmony with the universe.Aurelius能

与自己和解的人,便是这宇宙中和谐的一份子。奥里利乌斯

10.It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare, it is because

we do not dare that things are difficult. –seneca并不是因为事情难我们才不敢做,而是因为我们不敢做事情才难。塞内加

11.if you wish to be loved ,love. seneca如果你想被爱,那就去爱。塞内

12.:Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity. ——幸运只会在做好准备,并

遇上合适机遇的时候才会发生。

13.Religion is regarded by the common people as true, by the wise as false,

and by the rulers as useful. 对于宗教,普通大众以为它是真的,聪明人知道它是假的,而统治者则把它当作有用的工具

14.Enjoy present pleasures in such a way as not to injure future ones. 享受每天的快乐,但不

应以此毁掉未来的幸福。—塞内卡

15.Life is like a play :It's not the length ,but the excellence of

the acting that matters.生命如同一个剧本:重要的不是长度而是演出精彩与否. 16.they can because they think they can他们能够成功是因为他们认为

他们可以

第三单元:

1.Prove all things hold fast that which is good. 验证每样事,好的就坚持

2.blessed is the man that endureth temptation :for when he is tired he

shall receive the crown of life

3.there is no fear in love for perfect love casteth out fear爱里没有惧

怕。爱既完全,就把惧怕除去。

4.let not the sun go down upon your wrath . 生气却不要犯罪,不可含怒到明天。??????

5.let us love ,not in word or speech, but in truth and action .我们相

爱,不要只在言语和舌头上,总要在行为和诚实上。

6.Do to others what you would have them do to you .己所不欲,勿施于人

7.they that sow in tears shall reap joy. 泪水汪汪播种,得意洋洋收获

8.You will know the truth, and the truth will make you free你们必晓得真理,真理必叫你

们得以自由。

9.the wise weigh their words on a scale with gold

10.Ye are the light of the world . A city that is set on an hill cannot be hid . 你们是世上的光。

城造在山上,是不能隐藏的。

11.“He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of fools shall be

destroyed.与智慧人同行的,必得智慧。和愚昧人作伴的,必受亏损。

12.the tree is known and recognized and judged by its fruit

13.Whoever trusts in his riches will fall , but the righteous will thrive like a green leaf倚仗自

己财物的,必跌倒;义人必发旺如青叶。

14.the man who sets a trap for others will get caughtin it himself世

上的陷阱起初都是给别人设的,后来却往往是陷了自己???????

15.'Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth: a stranger, and not thine own lips

让另一个人赞美你,而不是你自己的嘴:一个陌生人,而不是你自己的嘴唇

16.what does it profit a man if he gains the whole world and loses or forfeits himself?人若赚

得全世界,却丧了自己,赔上自己,有什麽益处呢?

第四单元:

1. Three things are necessary for the salvation of man: to know what he ought

to believe; to know what he ought to desire; and to know what he ought to d o. - St. Thomas Aquinas有三点是自我救赎所必需的:知道自己应该信什么;知道自己应该要什么;知道自己应该做什么。”——圣托马斯·阿奎那

2. the disparage the dictate of reason is equivalent to contemning the command of God.

3. The theologian considers sin mainly as an offence against God; the moral philosopher as

contrary to reasonableness. Thomas Aquinas

4. Every judgement of conscience, be it right or wrong, be it about things evil in

themselves or morally indifferent, is obligatory, in such wise that he who acts against his conscience always sins.

5. Love is a binding force, by which another is joined to me and cherished by

myself.-Thomas Aquinas 爱是一种约束力,另一个是加入了自己对我珍惜????

6. I know all except myself

7. The worst moment for the atheist is when he is really thankful and has nobody to thank

--Dante Alighieri无神论者最糟糕的时刻莫过于,当他要感恩时却不知道该谢谁

8. In the middle of the journey of our life I came to myself within a dark

wood where the straight way was lost--Dante Alighieri我走过我们人生的一半旅程,却又步入一片幽暗的森林,这是因为我迷失了正确的路径

9. he listens well who takes notes. -- Dante Alighieri

10. Consider your origin; you were not born to live like brutes, but to follow

virtue and knowledge-- Dante Alighieri人不能像走兽那样活着,应该追求知识和美德

11. A great flame follows a little spark--Dante Alighieri

12. Avarice, envy, pride, Three fatal sparks have set the hearts of all On fire.--Dante Alighieri

骄傲、嫉妒、贪婪是三个火星,它们使人心爆炸

第五单元:

1. You do ill if you praise , but worse if you censure ,what you do not understand 对那些你不

理解的事情,去赞许确实很难,但是肯定比去谴责强 ...

2. whoever in discussion adduces authority uses not intellect but memory

3. since love and fear can hardly exist together ,if we must choose between them ,it is far

safer to be feared then loved. 敬爱与畏惧一向难以共存,如果非要我们选择,被畏惧比被敬爱更安全

4. one must be a fox in order to recognize traps ,and a lion frighten off wolves. 一个人必须像

一头狐狸一样认识陷阱,像一头狮子来吓跑狼

5. the fox has many tricks.the hedgehog has but one . but that is the best of all

6. Even on the highest throne in the world we are still sitting on our ass. 即使世上最高的宝座,

我们也是只坐在自己的屁股上

7. He who establishes his argument by noise and command shows that his reason is weak

大声嚷嚷和命令别人来表明自己说明他的理由是脆弱的-

8. Man is certainly stark mad .he cannot make a worm and yet he will be making gods by

dozens . 人可算极度疯狂;他造不出一只跳蚤,然而他却能造出一堆神。

9. Love all , trust a few .do wrong to none .爱所有人- 相信一部分人,不对不起任何人

10. we are advertised by our loving friends

11. My words fly up ,my thoughts remain below /words without thoughts never to heaven go没

有思想的文字是上不了天界的。

12. Brevity is the soul of wit言以简为贵

第六单元

1. We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools我们要么学习像兄弟

一样一起生活,要么学习像傻瓜一样一起死掉。

2. Music is a discipline ,and a mistress of order and good manners :she makes the people

milder and gentler ,more moral and more reasonable

3. It is pleasing to God whenever you rejoice or laugh from the bottom of your heart

4. Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces , I would still plant my apple tree

5. I cannot and will not recant anything , for to go against conscience is neither right nor

safe ,.Here I stand , I can do no other . God help me . Amen

6. A dog barks when his master is attacked . I would be a coward if I saw that God’s truth is

attacked and yet would remain silent狗在主人被攻击时会狂吠,而我若见到上帝的真理被攻击,却保持沉默的话,就是一个懦夫了。

7. The feeling of a direct responsibility of the individual to God is almost wholly a creation of

Protestantism

8. A certain sense of cruelty toward oneself and others is Christian ; hatred of those who

think differently ;the will to persecute . Hatred of mind ,of pride ,courage ,freedom

libertinage of mind ,is Christian ;hatred of the sense ,of the joy of the senses ,of joy in general is Christian.

当代国外翻译理论(借鉴材料)

当代国外翻译理论导读 作者:谢天振编者:谢天振 ?市场价:¥40.00 ?卓越价:¥35.20为您节省:4.80元 (88折) ?VIP 价:¥34.20SVIP价:¥33.50 ?全场购物免配送费! ?现在有货。 ? ) 目录 前言 第一章语言学派翻译理论 1.罗曼·雅科布逊论翻译的语言学问题 2.彼得·纽马克交际翻译与语义翻译(Ⅱ) 3.约翰·卡特福德论翻译转换 4.尤金·奈达论对等原则 5.巴兹尔·哈蒂姆互文介入:利用翻译中缺省语篇的理论体系 6.玛丽·斯奈尔—霍恩比翻译:一种跨文化活动

第二章阐释学派翻译理论 7.乔治·斯坦纳阐释的步骤 8.安托瓦纳·贝尔曼翻译及对异的考验 第三章功能学派翻译理论 9.凯瑟琳娜·莱斯翻译的抉择:类型、体裁及文本的个性 10.汉斯·弗米尔翻译行为中的目的与委任 11.克里斯汀娜·诺德目的、忠诚及翻译中的惯例 第四章文化学派翻译理论 12.詹姆斯·霍尔姆斯翻译学的名与实 13.伊塔玛·埃文—佐哈翻译文学在文学多元系统中的地位 14.吉迪恩·图里描述性翻译研究的理论基础 15.安德烈·勒菲弗尔大胆妈妈的黄瓜:文学理论中的文本、系统和折射 16.苏珊·巴斯奈特文化研究的翻译转向 17.西奥·赫曼斯翻译研究及其新范式 第五章解构学派翻译理论 18.瓦尔特·本雅明译者的任务 19.雅克·德里达巴别塔之旅 20.保罗·德曼评本雅明的《译者的任务》 21.劳伦斯·韦努蒂文化身份的塑造 第六章女性主义翻译理论 22.雪莉·西蒙翻译理论中的性别化立场 23.劳丽·钱伯伦性别与翻译的隐喻 24.巴巴拉·格达德女性主义话语/翻译的理论化 25.冯·弗罗托女性主义翻译理论批评 第七章后殖民翻译理论 26.道格拉斯·罗宾逊后殖民研究与翻译研究 27.特佳斯维妮·尼南贾纳翻译的定位

西方思想经典导读 有中文

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西方思想家经典著作选读

西方思想家经典著作选读 物理09—5 朱志伟 10094674

浅析黑格尔法哲学 【摘要】黑格尔是德国古典哲学的主要代表,同时也是西方最有影响力的哲学家之一。他在晚年完成的法哲学思想体系,不仅是对其整个哲学体系的完善,也是近代法哲学思想的最高成就。作为一位哲学家,黑格尔对政治、法律问题从哲学的高度发表了许多独特的见解,这些见解在理论上的深刻性,逻辑上的严密性都远远超出了一般法学家。因此,他在政治、法律哲学上的贡献是重大的,甚至有人说,不了解他的政治、法律哲学,就不能透彻理解他的思辨哲学。[ 《黑格尔政治著作选》作者:(德)黑格尔著,薛华译者序。北京商务印书馆,1982年版。] 【关键词】黑格尔《法哲学原理》自由意志理念 黑格尔所著的《法哲学原理》是他担任柏林大学教授的第三年出版的,这也是他晚年在柏林任教期间唯一的著作。他主要的政治哲学思想在这本书中得到了系统的阐发。遭到了包括马克思在内的许多人批判,称其为普鲁士王国的“官方哲学家”、“把哲学应用来替反动的普鲁士政府服务”等等。对于这些批判,我们应该站在哲学思辨的高度去审视,不能人云亦云。本文拟对黑格尔的法哲学体系以及法哲学在其哲学体系、对法的定义、法哲学的具体思想等几个问题进行分析。 黑格尔的法哲学体系 黑格尔的法哲学包含了三大部分,即抽象的法、道德、伦理。这三个部分都是特定的法或者权利在不同形式上和阶段上自由的体现,较高的阶段比前一阶段更加具体、更加丰富。意志自由贯穿着其整个法哲学体系。抽象法阶段只有抽象形式的自由;道德阶段便有了主观的自由;而伦理阶段是抽象法与道德法的真理与统一,也就是说意志自由得到充分而具体的实现的阶段。[ (德)黑格尔,《法哲学原理》,贺麟等译,商务印书馆,1961:7] 所以,黑格尔的法哲学就是关于人类自由的系统化学说。 黑格尔认为,法及其法哲学是一个广泛的概念,它有自己的特定范畴和完整的体系。这些内容包括:抽象法、道德法、伦理、家庭、市民社会、国家、世界历史以及一系列的法律思想。 另外,黑格尔的法哲学将法分为自然法和实在法,并将法和法律加以区分。实定法是指现实中存在的法,包括习惯法(主观的和偶然的被知道的法)、判例法(法官定法)、引证法(法学家著作)、制定法(立法法)[ (德)黑格尔,《法哲学原理》,贺麟等译,商务印书馆,1961:218至220],又根据其适用的范围分为国家法(国内法)和国际法。自然法是指应然法或者法的原理,又被成为“哲学上的法”。由于黑格尔着重从哲学的层面研究法,并将他的哲学思想运用于对法的分析,因此他的法哲学研究重点不是放在实然法上,而是放在应然法上。他的法哲学研究更具有思辨性,但又不仅有思辨而不关涉现实的操作。无论从哲学还是法学的角度来看,黑格尔的《法哲学原理》一书都是具有完整体系的著作。 二、法哲学与黑格尔哲学体系的关系

西方人文经典 尔雅答案

:中国文明的独特之处就是( )。 :一直绵延不断 :哲学就是西方文明,尤其就是从( )开始的独特的精神产品,就是别的民族所不具备的。:希腊文明 :迄今,( )成为了世界各个文明当中占着一种强者姿态的文明。 :希腊文明 :公元前5世纪左右,对后世有非常大影响的几个重要的文明有( )。 :中国的文明#印度的文明#希腊的文明#巴比伦的文明 :下列哲学家中与“助产术”相关的就是( )。 :苏格拉底 :《苏格拉底的申辩》的作者就是( )。 :柏拉图 :“吾爱吾师,吾尤爱真理”这句名言出自( )。 :亚里士多德 :古希腊哲学在一般的教科书里面经常会被区分为前苏格拉底哲学与后苏格拉底哲学。:错误 :在古希腊,一个城市就就是一个国家,一个城市的公民构成了一个政治共同体。 :正确 :《雅典学园》就是文艺复兴时期的拉斐尔所画。 :正确 :“至大无外,至小无内”出自( )。 :《庄子》 :勾股定理在西方被称作就是( )定理。 :毕达哥拉斯 :柏拉图认为( )就是绝对可靠的东西。

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Chapter 1 Greek Culture(希腊文化) 古希腊是用来描述在古代讲希腊语世界的术语。它不仅指目前希腊国家的领土,还包括那些希腊人定居的地区: 塞浦路斯、土耳其爱琴海海岸(当时称为lonia),西西里和意大利南部(被称为大希腊),希腊定居点分散在海岸上,即现在的阿尔巴尼亚,保加利亚、埃及、利比亚、罗马尼亚、西班牙、法国和乌克兰。 传统意义上,古希腊时期被认为以西元前776年第一次奥运会为开端,但大多数历史学家现在把开端扩展到西元前1000年左右。传统的古希腊时期以西元前323年亚历山大大帝的去世为结束。接下来的时期被称为希腊化,一直持续到西元前146年——希腊半岛和岛屿被罗马兼并。 希腊的民族,在分割的地理环境和各种各样族群的影响下,发展为城邦——小定居点成长为小王国。这些城市分别独立发展。然而,存在一种普遍的发展模式,即情况在每个特定阶段多多少少会有所不同。君主制屈从于贵族制,贵族制接着被僭政取代。在希腊大陆的僭政很快屈从于寡头政体或政体,并通过有限的公和奴隶主予以缓和;在希腊的政治的理念便应运而生。梭伦在雅典创立制。军事化的斯巴达有独特的宪制和社会发展。交战的城邦有一种团结的意识;他们所有的公民认为他们自己都是古希腊人。 特别是雅典戏剧性地成长。戏剧,诗歌,雕塑,建筑学和哲学繁荣起来,并且这里有蓬勃的智识生活。一些西方文化名鼎鼎的和在雅典思想史上享誉盛名的人在这一时期诞生:剧作家埃斯库罗斯,阿里斯多芬尼斯,欧里庇得斯和索福克里斯,哲学家亚里士多德,柏拉图和格拉底,历史学家希罗多德,修西得底斯和色诺芬,诗人西蒙尼戴斯和雕刻家菲迪亚斯。这座城市成为如伯里克里所说“希腊人的学校”。 古希腊被大多数历史学家视作西方文明的奠基文化。希腊文化对罗马帝国有强大的影响,他把这种版本带到欧洲的许多地方。古希腊文明已经极影响了现代世界的语言、政治、教育体制、哲学、艺术和建筑学,尤其是在西欧文艺复兴期间,并在18、19世纪各种新古典主义的复兴时期再次影响了欧洲和美洲。 Plato 柏拉图 格拉底曾是西方文明最受尊崇的人之一。他是雅典制度兴衰的见证者——从伯里克利的改革到宽容的衰退——在西元前404年雅典在佛罗奔尼萨战争蒙受耻辱的失败后。 作为石匠的儿子,格拉底最终离开家庭,去探寻一种高尚的事业的路径,亦即对真理和智慧的追求。他对自己使命的激情为他赢得了一大批的追随者,尤其在年轻人当中,而恰恰就是这种精神导致了他的殉难。对他的审判标志着雅典理想和崇高原则的崩溃,而且他的死亡标志着雅典制度的衰退。

西方经典思想课后翻译

第一单元: 1.Thou shouldst eat to live ; not live to eat. 你应该为了活而吃;而不是为了吃而活 2. The only good is knowledge and the only evil is ignorance. 唯一的善,是知识;唯一的恶,是无知。 3. .The hour of departure has arrived, and we go our ways - I to die, and you to live. Which is better God only knows. 分手的时刻已经到来,我们将各走各的路─我将死了,你将活着。那一种比较好呢?只有神知道。 4. True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing. 真正的知识在于知道自己的无知。 5. If a man is proud of his wealth, he should not be praised until it is known how he employs it. 如果一个人以他的财富为骄傲,那么要看他如何运用财富,才知道他是否应该被称赞。 6. Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, because they have to say something.智者说话,是因为他们有话要说;愚昧人,因为他们想说 7. Living well and beautifully and justly are all one thing. --Plato好的生活和精美的公正都是一件事。——柏拉图 8.The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men. –Plato.好人对于公众事务冷漠的代价就是,被邪恶的人奴役。 9.We are twice armed if we fight with faith. –Plato 10.It is the mark of an educated man to be able to entertain a thought withou accepting it. 能够在不接受一种思想的情况下去思考它,这是一个受过教育的人的标志。 11.What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. –Aristotle朋友是什么?两个躯体,却拥有着相同的灵魂。... 12We make war that we may live in peace.战争才能带来和平——亚里斯多德( 13..I count him braver who overcomes his desires than him who overcomes his enemies. --Aristotle我认为克服自己欲望的人比征服敌人的人更为勇敢 14.Anybody can become angry, that is easy; but to be angry with the right person, and to the right degree, and at the right time, and for the right purpose, and in the right way, that is not within everybody's power and is not easy. --Aristotle,生气谁都会,但什么时候对什么人生气,生气到什么程度,这是很难学会的。 15.If thou wilt make a man happy, add not unto his riches but take away from his desires. --Epicurus想要获得快乐,不是增加财富,而是降低欲望。 第二单元: 1. Men willingly believe what they wish. 人往往一厢情愿.

《西方思想经典》复习

1. W h a t d o e s t h e w o r d“B I B L E”m e a n?b o o k 2. In Plato’s allegory of the cave, what does the sun represent?Truth 3. Who came up with the sardonic讽刺的theory of humor?Thomas Hobbes 4. According to genesis, god created how many days?Six days 5. Who once attended Plato’s academy学院?Aristotle 6. Which writer was imprisoned被囚禁during World WarⅡ?Jean-Paul Sartre 7. According to genesis, what is the name of the place where Eve and Atom lived? The Garden of Eden 8. Nicolo Machiavelli was what nationality? Italian 9. According to genesis, which part does god use to create Eve from Atom?Rib 10. What is the Sabbath day? The day of rest 11. What is a leviathan?Sea monster 12. Who said love your enemies?Jesus 13. Who does Saul murder in Acts of the Apostles? Stephen (Stoned) 14. What may be seen as an irrationalist revolt against traditional Western philosoph y, idealism in particular, as it rejects epistemology and the attempt to ground human knowledge?Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialism 15. What is a saint?A saint is a holy person.In the Christian Bible, only one person is expressly called a saint: "They envied Moses also in the camp, and Aaron the saint of the LORD." 16. Which female writer lived a “free, lifelong association” with Jean-Paul Sartre?Simone de Beauvoir 17. What is a centurion百夫长?Roman soldier 18. It is much safer to be feared than loved.Machiavelli: The Prince 19. Men living together according to reason with out a common superior or earth, with authority to judge between them is properly the state of Nature.John Locke: Of Civil Government 20. Our Father, which art in heaven/hallowed be thy name;thy kingdom come;thy will be done,in earth as it is in heaven.Give us this day our daily bread.And forgive us our trespasses,as we forgive them that trespass against us.And lead us not into temptation;but deliver us from evil.[For thine is the kingdom,the power, and the glory,for ever and ever.]Amen.Matthew 21. In the beginning god created the heaven and the earth.Genesis 22. Rather, it declares that even if god did exist, that would change nothing. Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialism 23. Behold! Human beings living in a underground den, which has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all along the den; here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turning round their heads. Above and behind them a fire is blazing at a distance, and between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way;Plato: The Republic 24. Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.Matthew 25. God is a useless and costly hypothesis假设.Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialism 26. This human animal—prescient, sagacious, complex, acute, full of memory, reason and counsel, which we call man,—is generated by the supreme God in a more transcendent condition than most of his fellow–creatures. For he is the only creature among the earthly races of animated beings endued with superior reason and thought, in which the rest are deficient. And what is there, I do not say in man alone, but in all heaven and earth, more divine than reason, which, when it becomes ripe and perfect, is justly termed wisdom?Cicero: On the Laws 27. Thus humanity is male and man defines woman not in herself but as relative to him; she is not regarded as an autonomous being.Simone de Beauvoir: The Second Sex 28. Religion is based, I think, primarily and mainly upon fear. It is partly the terror of

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