新人教版新八年级英语下册第一单元知识点
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一.询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时,常用以下句型:
1.What’s the matter(with sb)?2.What’s the trouble / probl em(with sb)?
3.What’swrong (withsb)? 你怎么了?
4. What’s one’s trouble/ problem?
5.What’sup? 6. Whathappened to sb ?
7.Are you OK???8. Is there anything wro ng withsb ?
二.表达身体不适或疼痛时,常用以下结构:
1.Sb + have /has + a/ an+疾病名称:have acold / fever/cough/temperature
2.Sb +have/ has a sore +身体部位:havea sore throat / back
3.Sb+ have/ has+ a+身体部位—ache haveatoothache /headache /stomachach e/earache/backache
4.Sb + hurt(s) +身体部位/ oneself ;He hurthis leg.
或身体部位+ hurts;Myhead hurts badly.
5.Thereis something wrong with one’s +身体部位。
6.Sb +have /has a painin one’s+ 身体部位
三.情态动词should /should’t 的用法:意为“应该,应当”后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。
通常表示提出意见或建议,义务和责任,还可表示命令责备或要求等语气;
1. Youshould lie down and rest.
2.You should’t eat so much nexttime .
3. Whatshould I do?
4.Should I put somemedicine on it?----Yes,you should./No, you should’t.
1.soreadj.疼痛的可作定语或表语Shehas a sorethroat / back .Myleg is very sore .
2.back n. 后面,背面He satatthe back of the classroom. adv.回(原处)come back
3.lie vi.躺,卧---lay. lain.lying liedown 躺下
撒谎---lied.lied.lying Youare lying to me.
n.谎言假话tell alie /lies
layvt. .---laid .laid.laying 产卵下蛋放置
4. rest休息v./n. Youshould rest for a few days .动词用法
getsome rest=have(take) a rest /abreak/ breaks休息一下名词用法
5. to one‘s surprise使某人惊讶的是常作插入语,位于句首
Tohis surprise,she failed the exam .
insurprise吃惊地
surprising ----物What surprising news!
Surprised---- 人be surprisedto do /be surprised at sth/be surprised that…
6. muchtoo+ 形容词或副词,太......,too many+可数名词复数,太多……
too much+不可数名词,太多…也可做副词talk/speak/eat/ too much
7.enough形容、副词,足够的/地,(1)enough +名词; enoughwater
(2)形副+ enough;goodenough
8. sound like+名词代词和从句:听起来像
It sounds likeyou don’t knowthe truth..It soundslike agood idea.
Sound( look/feel/taste/smell )+形容词听起来... eg. Themusic sounds nice.
9.need(1).需要,实义动词人作主语need+sth,需要某物;need(sb)to do sth.需要做某事,
(2).物作主语;sth needsdoing/ tobedone ;The room needscleaning/tobecleaned.
10.agree 同意,赞同---disagree(反义词) agreewith sb. 同意某人agree todo. 同意做某事
11.right away =right now=at once,意为马上。
12. advice(不可数n.)建议,意见 a pieceof advice 一条建议some advice一些建议
give sb.advice on sth./take one’s advice
advise v. advise sb.to dosth. 建议某人做某事(不定式做宾语补足语)
advise doing sth.建议做某事(动名词作宾语)
13.hurt 及物动词(vt.),使……疼痛,……受伤,He hurt his leg. He hurt herfeelings.
不及物动词(vi.),……(部位)疼。Hisleg hurt badly.
14.hit---hit(过去式)(用手或器具)打;击打The boy hit the dog with a stone.
hitsb. on the head/nose/back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位;
hit sb.inthe face/eye/stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位。
当名词用时;get hit onthe head 头部受到撞击
15. seesbdoingsth 看见某人正在做某事(强调瞬间动作)I saw a boy playing footballnearmyhome.
See sbdo sth 看见某人做某事(强调整个过程)We saw him cross the road.
16.shout to sb向某人喊话
shout at sb 冲某人叫喊(贬义)
shout for help大声呼救
17.expect sb to dosth期待某人去做某事。
18.thinkabout(+doing)考虑think of 想起,认为thinkover 仔细考虑think up想出
19.falldown(+from)摔倒,跌倒fall behind落后,跟不上fall into落入…fall asleep入睡
fallin lovewith 爱上fall off…从……跌落下来
20.重点语法
用在某些固定短语当中。
如:look after oneself /take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth./ learnsth. by oneself自学
enjoyoneself玩得高兴,过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……(随便吃/喝些……).
hurtoneself摔伤自己
sayto oneself自言自语
leave sb.byoneself把某人单独留下
buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西
introduce oneself 介绍……自己
【提醒】
1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。
如:我自己能完成作业。
(误)Myselfcan finishmy homework.
(正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homeworkmyself.
2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”,因为它没有所有格的形式。
表达“某人自己的(东西)”时,须要用one’s own.
如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。
(误)I’m drawingwith myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my owncrayons.
作同位语;Didyou make thecake yourself ?做表语I’mnot myself today.
21.trouble (不可数);苦恼,问题
bein trouble 处于困境
get into trouble陷入困境
maketrouble制造麻烦
have trouble / difficulties / problems (in) doing sth做......有麻烦做某事有困难22.put ……onsth 在某物上放……
put a bandage on it 在它上面放绷带
23. in thesame way以同样的方式onthe way to 在去……的路上
in theway挡路out oftheway不再碍事
by theway 顺便说一下in thisway用这种方法
in away 在某种程度上
24.短语toomuch 太多liedown躺下
putsome medicineon ......在....上敷药have a fever发烧
takebreaks /takea break 休息without thinkingtwice没多getoff 下车take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院wait for等待to one’ssurprise使.......惊讶的intime及时think about 考虑
havea heartproblem患有心脏病get into the trouble遇到麻烦
dothe rightthing做正确的事情事情falldown摔倒
put ...... on sth把...放在某物上gethit/sunburned摔伤/烧伤
be interested in 对.....感兴趣beused to习惯于....
takerisks/take a risk挑战lose one’s life 失去生命
because of 因为run out of用完
makea decision/decisions做决定be in controlof掌管;管理
giveup 放弃get an X-ray拍X 光片
take one’s temperature量体温hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
see a dentist 看牙医getoff下车---get on上车
all weekend整个周末away from 远离
for too long太长时间on thesideofthe road在马路边
withoutthinkingtwice没多想get sunburned 被晒伤
have a heart problem有心脏病feelveryhot感到很热
have a nosebleed 流鼻血cut hisknee割伤他的膝盖
put her head back把她的头向后仰save a life 挽救生命
on time 准时do the right thing 做正确的事
gomountain climbing去爬山
go to a doctor =go to see a doctor = go to the doctor’s 看医生
thanks to 多亏,由于(=because of=with the help of)
Section B
1.sick adj.①生病的,有病的。作表语和定语。ill只能作表语be/feel sick =beill②恶心的I fee la little sick.
③厌倦的be sick of I’m sick of running .
2. be used to sth./doingsth.习惯于…适应做某事…(be强调状态= get =become强调渐变过程)
He is used to getting upearly.
beused to do sth =be usedforsth /doing被用于做某事(被动语态)
Wood is used to makehouses .
Used to do sth 过去常常做某事He used to go towork by bus.