第六单元原文及参考译文

A Survey of the Olympic Games

The Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event2 subdivided into summer and winter games. They are each held every four years. Until 1992，they were both held in the same year. Since then, they have been separated two years apart3.

There are more than 20 Summer Olympics sports, including swimming, basketball, soccer, gymnastics, boxing, weight-lifting, yachting, cycling and equestrian events. Skiing, ice-skating and ice hockey are among the 7 Winter Game sports. A competitor must be the citizen of the country he or she represents. No more than three entries from any country are permitted in each event (4 in the winter games). Only one team per country is allowed in a team sport4.

There are many myths surrounding the origin of the ancient Olympic Games. The most popular legend describes that Heracles5 was the creator of the Olympic Games and built the Olympic stadium and surrounding buildings as an honor to his father, Zeus after completing his 12 labors6. According to that legend, he walked in a straight line for 400 strides and called this distance a “ stadium" that later also became a distance calculation unit. This is also why a modern stadium is 400 meters in circumference length (1 stadium = 400 meters).

From then on，the Olympic Games were quickly becoming more and more important throughout ancient Greece, reaching their zenith in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The Olympics were of fundamental religious importance, contests alternating with sacrifices and ceremonies honoring both Zeus (whose colossal statue stood at Olympia)，and Pelops，divine hero and mythical king of Olympia famous for his legendary chariot7 race，in whose honor the games were held. The number of events increased to 20，and the celebration was spread over several days. Winners of the events were greatly admired and were immortalized in poems and statues8. The Games were held every four years, and the period between two celebrations became known as an “Olympiad"9. The Greeks used Olympiads as one of the ir methods to count years. The most famous Olympic athlete lived in these times: the 6th century BC wrestler, Milo Croton, is the only athlete in history to win a victory in six Olympics.

The Games gradually declined in importance after the Romans gained power in Greece. After Emperor Theodosius I10 made Christianity the religion of the Empire11 and banned pagan rites, the

Olympic Games were outlawed as a pagan festival in 393 AD.

In 1894，a French noble man，Pierrde，called a meeting in Paris that led to the first modern Olympic Games, held in Athens in 1896. Thirteen nations sent a total of 285 men, and the Games were revived. Since then the Olympics have been held in different cities of the world once every four years, with the exception of war years 1916, 1940 and 1944. Women first competed in 1912. In 1924 the Winter Olympics were instituted at Chamonix, France.

The Olympic Games should be a good occasion to promote world sports，understanding and friendship among different nations, but unfortunately the Games were frequently affected by politics resulting in the boycotts of the Games. The 1956 Melbourne Olympics were the first Olympics that were boycotted by the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland.

In 1980 and 1984, the Cold War opponents12 boycotted each other's games. Sixty-five nations refused to compete at the Moscow Olympics13 in 1980 because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The boycott reduced the number of nations participating to only 81，the lowest number of nations to compete since 1956. The Soviet Union and 14 of its Eastern Bloc14 partners (except Romania) countered by skipping the Los Angeles Olympics15 in 1984.

?注释

这是一篇介绍奥林匹克运动会历史的短文，选自《百科全书》。该文语言简洁明晰?但却不失正式庄重。在翻译时，我们应注意原文的语体风格，应该用与之对应的汉语去再现原文的语体风格，准确地传达原文的意义。另外，虽然原文语言简洁，但它涉及到一些历史、地理、体育、宗教等知识，因此翻译此文并不容易，译者需要具有“杂学”，即有较宽的知识面。

multi-sport event:有多种体育运动比赛项目的赛事

two years apart:相隔两年

a team sport:团体体育比赛项目

根据希腊和罗马神话，Heracles是主祌Zeus和Alcmene之子，力大无比，以完成12项英雄业绩闻名。

12 labors:指Heracles神完成的12项英雄业绩

Chariot:古时用于战争或比赛的一种双轮马车

在符合原文语体风格的前提下，要注意发挥汉语的优势。如这儿可用四字结构翻译: “……塑像吟诗，使之名垂千古”。

Olympiad可音译为“奥林匹尔德”，也可不译，保留原文，因为这句原文就是对它的定义。

Emperor Theodosius I:东罗马帝国皇帝(379—395)和西罗马帝国皇帝(392—395), 在位时镇压人民起义，立基督教为罗马国教，迫害异教徒，毁坏异教神庙。

... made Christianity the religion of the Empire:使基督教成为罗马帝国的国教。

Cold War opponents:冷战的对手，指北约和华约两大对峙的军事同盟。

Moscow Olympics: 1980年在莫斯科举行的奥运会。

Eastern Bloc:东欧集团。因为以苏联为首的华沙条约国集中在东欧，所以又将其称作东欧集团。

the Los Angeles Olympics: 1984年在美国洛杉矶举行的奥运会

?参考译文

奥林匹克运动会简介

奥运会是具有多竞技项目的国际性体育赛事，分为夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会，每隔四年举行一次。在1992年之前，夏季和冬季奥运会是同年召开的，自1992年以后，则改为相隔两年召开。

夏季奥运会有20多个体育比赛项目，包括游泳、篮球、足球、体操、拳击、举重、帆船、自行车、马术。滑雪、滑冰和冰球是冬季奥运会7个项目中的3项。比赛者必须是他或她所代表的国家的公民。一个国家参加任何一项比赛的选手不能超过3名（冬奥会不超过4 名），并且只能派一个代表队参加团体体育比赛项目。

围绕着古代奥运会的起源有着许多神话传说，在最流行的传说中，赫拉克勒斯是奥运会的缔造者，为了表示对希腊主神、他的父亲宙斯的崇敬，在完成I2项英雄业绩后，他建了奥林匹克体育场及其周围的建筑。根据传说，赫拉克勒斯大步直行400步，然后把这一行走的距离称作“斯塔德”，后来它便成了距离的计算单位，这也是为什么现代体育场周长为400米（1斯塔德=400米）。

从那时起，在整个古希腊，奥运会很快变得越来越重要，在公元前五、六世纪达到了鼎盛时期。奥运会有着非常重要的宗教意义，竞赛前后都要敬献祭品，举办仪式，敬奉希腊主神宙斯（他的巨大的塑像矗立在奥林匹亚）和珀罗普斯这位神圣的英雄以及奥林匹亚神话般的国王，这位国王是以传奇般的双轮马车赛而闻名于世，奥林匹克运动会就是为纪念他而举办的。奥运会比赛项目增加到20项，庆贺仪式要延续数日。人们高度赞誉比赛获胜者，并为他们塑像吟诗，使之名垂千古。奥运会每四年举办一次，两次奥运会之间的时间被称作奥林匹尔德，这是希腊人以前用作计算年代的方法之一。那个时代最著名的奥林匹克运动员是公元前六世纪摔跤运动员米勒科偌顿，他是历史上唯——位在6届奥运会上赢得比赛的选手。

罗马人在统治希腊以后，奥运会的重要性便逐渐下降，到皇帝狄奥多西一世立基督教为国教并取缔异教仪式后，奥运会便在公元393年被视为异教徒的节日而遭禁止。

1894年，一位名叫皮尔狄的法国贵族在巴黎召集了一次会议，这次会议使得第一届现代奥运会于1896年在雅典举行。13个国家派出285人参加了比赛，因此奥运会得以复苏。此后，除了1916年、1940年以及1944年等战争年代以外，奥运会在世界的不同城市每四年举行一次。妇女第一次参加比赛是在1912年。冬季奥运会1924,年在法国的尚莫尼克斯举行。

奥运会应该是促进全球体育运动、增进各民族之间的理解和友谊的好机会，但不幸的是它却常常受到政治的影响，遭到一些国家的抵制。1956年的墨尔本奥运会就是第一次受到抵制的奥运会，抵制的国家有荷兰、西班牙、瑞士。

1980年和1984年，冷战时期的对手相互抵制对方承办的奥运会。1980年，因为苏联入侵阿富汗，有65个国家拒绝参加莫斯科奥林匹克运动会比赛，这次抵制使参加奥运会的国家减少到81个，这是自1956年以来参加奥运会的国家最少的一次。作为报复，苏联和它的东欧集团的14个伙伴（罗马尼亚除外）没有参加1984年的洛杉矶奥运会。

斯诺与旅游'

谈起斯诺，恐怕了解中国近代史的人对他并不陌生，他不就是那个60年前越过国民党的军事封锁2，冒险进入陕北苏区3采访毛泽东及刚走完长征路的工农红军的美国记者吗？不错，正是他。可这位被称为“新闻王国的普洛米修斯4”的人与旅游有什么关系呢？说来你也许不信5。笔者6作为陕西斯诺研究中心秘书长，从占有的大量资料中得出这样一个结论，斯诺之所以成为20世纪最著名的记者之一，与他旅游成瘾的个性是分不开的7。

也许是受马克?吐温作品的影响8，斯诺从小就是一个酷爱旅游冒险的孩子。读了《汤姆历险记》和《密西西比河上》，17岁的斯诺便与几个小伙伴开着一辆T型游览车，向加利福尼亚进发（距他的家乡密苏里州3000多公里）。三个月后，花完了5美元，只好扒货车9、爬车顶，多次被警察抓住或追赶。随着轰隆行驶的列车，他跨越了世界闻名的罗亚尔?乔治大峡谷，观赏了大半个美国的山川秀水。

1928年2月15日，23岁的斯诺在没有告知家人的情况下，毅然登上开往远东的“雷德诺号"“1，开始了他的“周游世界”的梦想。驱使他不告而别u的动机在他离开美国两天后写给父母的一封信中找到了答案：亲爱的父母：

请你不要认为这是一个草率而匆忙的举动，很久以来，我就有周游世界各地的强烈愿望。……对我来说，有趣的生活，快乐的日子只有一件事，那就是旅行！冒险！经历！

爱你们的儿子埃德加

30年后的1958年，斯诺在他的《复始之旅》12中对他这次独身出走的动机做了更加明确的表述：

“那年我22岁，在华尔街的投机中赚了几个钱，这些钱省吃俭用也够我一年到世界各地冒险旅行一番了。”

显然，这位年轻的密苏里小伙子的远东之行，开始并没有远大的目标，充其量不过是一个浪漫的青年人的冒险，只是在旅游途中的传奇经历确定了他的人生道路，尤其是60年前的那次陕北之行，从此使他与中国革命结下不解之缘。13

?注释

这是描写人物的叙事散文，语言朴实简洁，行文平铺直叙。在翻译时应注意其语言的特点。另外，要注意英汉在意义层次的表达以及逻辑、连贯、修辞、语篇构成等方面的差异。（详见“笔译技巧（六）”）

国民党的军事封锁：the KMT army's military blockades。“国民党”是根据方言的音译the Kuomintang (KMT)。

陕匕苏区：the northern part of Shaanxi Province, the Chinese Soviet areaQ “陕匕”胃t旨陕西省北部，“苏区”是指中国第二次国内革命战争时期由中国苏维埃（中国共产党）控

制的地区。由于它涉及到历史，翻译时可采取加注的方法，也可在不影响意义要旨的前提下，省去不译。

新闻王国的普洛米修斯：Prometheus of the press。根据希腊神话，普洛米修斯因盗取天火给人类而触怒主神宙斯，被锁在高加索山岩遭受神鹰折磨。因此，他成了不屈不挠，富有反抗精神的象征。

本句后是句号，在汉语中是一个完整的句子，但在翻译中我们应尽量用大一点的单位作为翻译的单位，使之符合目的语即英语的行文习惯，使汉语中隐含的逻辑关系转化为英语中的显性的逻辑关系。这儿“说来你也许不信。”虽然本句后是句号，但翻译时可将其和后面的部分一起加以考虑，使之连贯。

笔者：the present writer

“......斯诺之所以成为20世纪最著名的记者之一，与他旅游成瘾的个性是分不开的”可译为： (i)

addiction to travel indeed contributed to his rise as one of the most prestigious journalists in the 20th century。

汉语多具体，英文多抽象，如“他旅游成瘾的个性”可译为his addiction to travel即可，“个性”不必译出。本句的翻译不要死套中文句式，在吃透原文的基础上，用符合英文习惯的句式去翻译。

“也许是受马克?吐温作品的景i响”可译为He might have been influenced by Mark Twain's works。对过去情况的推测应用“might/could/may + have +过去分词”结构。

“扒货车”可译为climb onto slow-going freight trains。

“登上开往远东的…雷德诺号，”可译为boarded Thunder，a ship bound for the Far East, 用同位语a ship bound for the Far East具体说明“雷德诺号”。

“不告而别”可译为French leave。

《复始之旅》的英文为Become a Journey0

注意理顺这一段的逻辑关系，注意在意义上使译文逻辑连贯。（详见“笔译技巧（六）”）?参考译文

Snow and His Travel

Speaking of Snow, anyone who has some knowledge of modern Chinese history ought to know about him. Wasn't he the American journalist, who crossed the KMT army's military blockades and ventured into the northern part of Shaanxi Province to interview Mao Zedong and cover the news about the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army just after completing the Long March? Yes, exactly. But how could the man, who is known as Prometheus of the press, have anything

to do with travel? It may sound incredible，but according to the study of huge amounts of materials

*

available by the present writer, secretary-general of Shaanxi Snow Research Centre, it can be concluded that his addiction to travel indeed contributed to his rise as one of the most prestigious journalists in the 20th century.

As a young boy, Snow, who might have been influenced by Mark Twain's works, was very interested in travel and adventure. After reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and Life on the Mississippi, 17-year-old Snow then drove a T-type tourist car with several of his young buddies, heading for California, 3,000 kilometers away from his home state, Missouri. Three months later, when he had spent all his five dollars, he felt obliged to climb onto slow-going freight trains, despite the police's pursuits or arrests. With the rumbling of the train, he traveled across the world's famous Royal Gorge and saw more than half of America's spectacular

landscapes. On February 15，1928, Snow, at the age of 23 then, resolutely boarded Thunder, a ship bound for the Far East, without informing his family, setting out to realize his dream of touring the world. The motivation of his French leave could be found in his letter to his parents two days after he left America:

Dear Dad and Mom，

Please don，t regard my departure as careless and hasty. In fact, I have cherished the aspiration to tour the world for a long time ...As far as I am concerned，what can keep my life happy and meaningful are travel，adventure，and the direct involvement ！

Love Edgar

In 1958 or 30 years later，Snow explained his motive more explicitly in his book Become a Journey:

“ I was 22 that year and made some money in the Wall Street speculation，which was enough for me to be on a one-year adventurous tour of the world if I was to be thrifty. ”

Obviously this young man's Far East travel, which was at most an adventure by a romantic young man，was without any great objective at first. It was only his legendary travel experiences，especially the experiences of his visit to the northern part of Shaanxi Province 60 years ago that determined his lifetime cause, thus closely connecting his life with the Chinese revolution.

■i涵巧1六)

形合与意合在英汉互译中的转化

一、英汉在连贯方式上的“形合”和“意合”

连贯是句子依据合理的语义和逻辑关系，恰当地连为一体的语篇特征，但在重意合的汉语中，这种特征往往隐含在上下文中，呈“隐性”，但这并不妨碍汉语读者对其阅读和理解，因为汉语是依靠语篇的语境意义来弥补其在逻辑和连贯方面的不足，而英文语篇中的逻辑和连贯关系则表现出“显性”的特征，即它的逻辑和连贯关系是通过外在的形式，即词法和句法结构来体现的，因此，在翻译过程中，译者就应注意这种“隐性”和“显性”之间的转换。如：

我们过了江，进了车站。我买了票，他忙着照看行李。……这时我看见他的背影，我的泪很快地流下来了。我赶紧找干了泪，怕他看见，也怕别人看见。

We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station，where I bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage... At the sight of his back tears started to my eyes, but I wiped them hastily so that neither he nor anyone else might see them.

以上汉语原文似乎是由几个并立的流水句组成，在表面上看不出有什么连贯逻辑关系。但细细分析，发现此段中文中隐含着逻辑连贯关系，在将其译为英文时，就应该把汉语中的这种逻辑连贯关系显现出来。以上的英文译文中分别用了关系副词、从属连词、并立连词等，在句法上较好地体现了汉语原文中隐含的逻辑连贯关系。如果我们再根据英文译文，将其回译成汉语，这时我们就应该将英文中通过形合而表现出的“显性”化为汉语通过意合表现出的“隐性”，具体来说，就是将英文中的where, while, but, so that 等略去不译。

As the weather was getting better, we decided to go for an outing the next day.

天气变好了，我们决定第二天去远足。

译文没有将原文中的从属连词as译出，这符合汉语的习惯。

三个月后，花完了5美元，只好扒货车、爬车顶，多次被警察抓住或追赶。

Three months later, when he had spent all his five dollars, he felt obliged to climb onto slow- going freight trains, despite the police's pursuits or arrests.

译文中的斜体部分都是汉语原文中所隐含的意义，在英语这一显性的语言里，以上的斜体部分是不能少的。而在汉语中，如果将这些隐含的意义都一一用文字表达出来，使其成显性，那么这段汉语就会显得罗嗦晦涩。可见在汉英互译中处理好意合和形合、隐性和显性的转化是十分重要的。

汉语中的意合常常是靠上下文的语境意义来弥补其在逻辑和连贯方面的不足来实现的。在汉译英时，应仔细分析，要用英语的句法等语言的形式来体现逻辑和连贯关系。如：

显然，这位年轻的密苏里小伙子的远东之行，开始并没有远大的目标，充其量不过是一个浪漫的青年人的冒险，只是在旅游途中的传奇经历确定了他的人生道路，尤其是60年前的那次陕北之行，从此使他与中国革命结下不解之缘。

It was only his legendary travel experiences, especially the experiences of his visit to the northern part of Shaanxi Province 60 years ago that determined his lifetime cause, thus closely connecting his life with the Chinese revolution.

这是原文中的最后一段，读上去语言流畅，是很好的汉语，但对照英文的逻辑连贯和句法特征，我们可以发现，以上划线部分应该改为：“只是在旅游途中的传奇经历，尤其是60年前的那次陕北之行，确定了他的人生道路，从此使他与中国革命结下不解

o

在汉译英中，将汉语中靠意合来体现的逻辑连贯关系，设法在英语译文中用其结构体现出来。

二、英汉在语义层次表达上的“形合”和“意合”

进行英汉对比研究的学者们常将英语的句子比作树木结构，将汉语的句子比作竹子结构。这就是说，英语句子中充满了从属结构，从属结构包括了动词的非限定形式、介词短语和各种分句。从属结构可比作“枝杈”；汉语的句子充满了并立分句，并立分句之间用逗号分开，直直的，没有“枝杈”，像根竹子。汉语的这些并立分句常被称作“流水句”。英语句子的树木结构是英语的形合在语意层次表现上的具体体现：句子的主干（主句）用来表示主要信息，从属结构（枝杈）表示次要信息。这样意义层次在表面结构上就表现出来了，呈显性；汉语句子的竹子结构是汉语的意合在语意层次表现上的具体体现：句子中充满了在形式上并立的分句，语意层次要靠上下文来表示，在表面形式上看不出来，呈隐性。在汉英和英汉翻译中就应该充分考虑到英文和中文的这些不同特征，尤其在汉译英中，如按照汉语的流水句译为英文，不去根据英文语义层次表达的特点进行句法结构上的功能对等转换，不去将汉语的意合表现出的“隐”转化成英语形合表现出的“显”，译文就成了中式英语，汉语原文中通过“意合”表现出的语义层次和逻辑关系就会在英文译文中丧失。

文化特色和个性是历史文化名城的独特和珍贵的标志，历史文化名城间的文化交流与合作将极大地促进城市文化可持续发展和繁荣。

Cultural exchanges among historical and culturally-significant cities, whose respective features and individuality are their unique and invaluable symbols，will greatly contribute to the sustainable development and prosperity of their cultures.

该原文在表面形式上看是一个并立句，但译者在译文中没有将其翻译成并立句，而是译成了带有关系分句（定语从句）的主从复杂句，其理由就是将汉语中的隐性意义层次转化为英语中用结构形式体现的显性意义层次。仔细阅读汉语原文，我们可以看出，这段汉语的意义要旨为“历史文化名城间的文化交流与合作将极大地促进城市文化可持续发展和繁荣”，而“文化特色和个性是历史文化名城的独特标志和永恒追求”则是一种铺垫，不是主要信息，因此，根据英文通过主句来表示意义重心，用从属结构来表示非意义中心的规则，应将它作为从属结构译出，将传递主旨信息的句子作为主句译出。

以上实例分析可看出，英语句子中主从关系较多，清晰地体现了不同的语义层次；汉语中含有较多的并列关系，在形式上语义层次不明显。因此，在汉译英中，应仔细分析汉语原文的语义层次，

将其次要的信息转换为从属结构，使汉语原文中的语义层次在英语译文中得正确地体现，达到“等效翻译”的目的。

/. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

X-rays are able to pass through objects and thus make visible details that are otherwise impossible to observe.

Most people know what it is like to have their blood pressure taken，but few understand the meaning of the numbers used to record blood pressure.

Although most house plants are acquired already-potted, they also can be grown from seeds or leaf cuttings from mature plants.

……How does the human brain work，，remains one of the most profound questions confronting modern science.

The farmer homeward plodded his weary way.

One out of every ten persons in 1978 United States labor force was a teenager, compared with one out of fifteen in 1960.

It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that are the focus of social psychology.

In general, the simple plants appeared on the Earth before those more complicated in structure.

Buried deep in the volcanic ash was the ancient city of Pompeii.

The threshold of complexity beyond which this phenomenon occurs has already been crossed by many existing systems, including some compiling and computer operating systems.

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

The Olympic Games held in Berlin in August 1936 afforded the Nazis a golden opportunity to impress the world with the achievements of the Third Reich, and they made the most of it. The signs “Juden unerwuenscht" (Jews Not Welcome) were quickly hauled down from the shops, hotels，beer gardens and places of public entertainment, the persecution of the Jews and of the two Christian churches temporarily halted, and the country put on its best behavior. No previous games had seen such a spectacular organization, nor such a lavish display of entertainment. Goering，Ribbentrop and Goebbels gave dazzling parties for the foreign visitors —the Propaganda Minister's Italian Night near Wannsee gathered more than a thousand guests at dinner in a scene that resembled the Arabian Nights. The visitors，especially those from England and the United States, were greatly impressed by what they saw: apparently a happy, healthy, friendly people united under Hitler — a far different picture, they said, than they had got from reading the newspaper.

And yet underneath the surface, hidden from the tourists during those splendid late-summer Olympic days in Berlin and indeed overlooked by most Germans or accepted by them with a startling passivity, there seemed to be a degrading transformation of German society.

III. Translate the following sentences into English.

公元15世纪，我国著名航海家郑和从南京出发七下西洋，使这座城市与世界很多国家建立了联系，从而开启了南京对外交往的历史篇章。

山脚下座落着一间小木屋，我想你一定能在里面找到你过去两个月一直在寻找的书。

五年来，该大学共承担江苏省科研项目涉及的直接投资达30亿元，产生的直接经济效益达300亿元；参与重大建设工程项目70多项。

该大学在全部7项指标中均名列前茅，其中科技项目及团队、科技经费、专利4项指标位列全省第一。

大学应努力实现高科技成果转化和产业化。

研究型大学拥有强大的科研实力，应当主动面向国家和社会需求。

南京东大移动互联技术有限公司作为我国的“家庭网络标准产业联盟”的核心成员，通过与海尔集团等大型企业集团的合作，使其研究成果得到国家层面的推广应用。

文化特色和个性是历史文化名城的独特和珍贵的标志，历史文化名城间的文化交流与合作将极大地促进城市文化可持续发展和繁荣。

梅花具有傲立风雪的顽强品质，是南京的市花，是南京这座历经沧桑的历史文化名城的象征。

文化来自民间，文化属于大众，保护文化遗产、繁荣民族文化，关系每一个公民。

IV. Translate the following passage into English.

金陵大学是教育部直属并列国家“985工程”和“211工程”重点建设的大学，是一所以工科为主要特色，理学、工学、医学、文学、法学、管理学、哲学、经济学、教育学等多学科协调发展的综合性、研究型大学，综合实力位居中国大陆高校前列。学校坐落于六朝古都南京，创建于1902年，占地面积427公顷。全校师生4万余名，设有32个皖系，64个本科专业。

金陵大学始终坚持贯彻“两个坚定不移”的办学方针，即坚定不移地走以创新为主导的研究型大学的发展道路，坚定不移地走与国家、区域经济建设和社会发展相结合的建设道路。

参考答案I.

X射线能够穿透物体，使人们能够看到本来观察不到的细节。

大多数人知道测量血压是怎么回事，但是很少有人知道记录血压数字的意义。

大部分室内盆栽植物拿来时就是盆装好的，但它们也可用种子培育或用成年的植物剪下的插枝培育出来。

人类的大脑是怎样工作的？这仍然是现代科学面临的最深奥的问题之一。

疲惫的农夫迈着沉重的脚步向家走去。

1978年在美国劳动力中，每10人就有一位是童工，而1960年每15人中有一位。

人们之间的相互影响，而不是他们生活中所发生的事情，才是社会心理学的研究中心。

一般来说，简单的植物在地球上出现要早于结构复杂的植物。

古城庞贝深埋在火山灰之下。

当复杂性超过极限时，这种现象就会发生，而我们现有的许多系统包括编纂和计算机操作系统已经超出了极限。

1936年8月在柏林举行的奥林匹克运动会，使纳粹党有了一个绝好的机会来让世界对第三帝国的成就留下印象，而且他们充分利用了这个机会。"Juden unerwuenscht"(犹太人不得入内）的牌子很快从商店、宾馆、啤酒馆和公共娱乐场所取了下来，对犹太人和两个基督教会的迫害也暂时停止了，全国都装出了一副最规矩的样子。以前的运动会都没有过这么出色的组织工作，也没有过这么不惜工本的款待。戈林、里宾特洛甫和戈培尔为外国客人举

行了让人眼花缭乱的宴会宣传部长在汪西附近举行的晚宴有1000多人参加，其场面之

气派就像《天方夜谭》中的故事。来宾尤其是英美的来宾，对看到的情况印象非常深刻：这显然是在希特勒领导下团结一致的幸福、健康、友善的民族。他们说，这与他们在报上读到的大相径庭。

然而，在这表象之下，德国社会似乎处在退化之中。在华丽壮观的柏林夏季奥运会期间，这一点是游客看不到的，也是大部分德国人所忽视的，即使意识到了，也会抱着消极得让人吃惊的态度听之任之。

In the 15th century, the seven great overseas voyages, which were launched from Nanjing by renowned Chinese master mariner，Zheng He，prompted the city to establish ties with many foreign countries, thus initiating her historical age of coming into contact with overseas countries.

Situated at the foot of the hill is a hut where I think you will surely find the book that you have been looking for in the past two months.

In the past five years, the University has undertaken research projects of Jiangsu Province, involving as much as 3 billion yuan, generating up to 30 billion yuan in economic returns. In addition，it has participated in over 70 major construction projects.

The University is rated excellent in all the 7 indices, and it ranks first in 4 out of the 7 indices 一research project number, research team, research funds and patent number.

Universities should accomplish the transfer of their hi-tech research achievements from laboratory to market, and their industrialization.

Research-oriented universities, which have strong research capability, should be geared to the needs of the nation and society.

As a key member of China Association of Household Cyber Network Industry, Nanjing Southeast University Mobile Interlinking Technology Co.，Ltd. has managed to popularized its research achievements on the national level through its cooperation with Haier and other large enterprise groups.

Cultural exchanges among historical and culturally-significant cities, whose respective features and individuality are their unique and invaluable symbols, will greatly contribute to the sustainable development and prosperity of their cultures.

The plum blossom, which comes into full bloom in winter despite cold winds and snowfalls, is the city flower of Nanjing，symbolizing the tenacious character and vitality of this historical and culturally-significant city 一a city that witnessed vicissitudes in history.

Culture stems from the people and belongs to the people. All citizens, therefore, should be involved in the protection of their cultural heritage and the development of their national cultures.

IV.

Jinling University is one of China's key universities directly under the Ministry of Education. It is also one of the universities eligible to enjoy the preferential development policies laid out in the projects known as Project 985 and Project 211. The University, which features innovative research and coordinated development of multi-disciplines, ranks among China's leading universities in terms of comprehensive strength，boasting such disciplines as sciences，engineering，medicine，literature, law, management, philosophy, economics and education, with engineering as its focus. Established in 1902 and situated in the historical city of Nanjing，capital of the six dynasties in ancient times，the University has over 40，000 students and faculty members，32 academic departments or schools and campuses with 427 hectares, offering up to 64 undergraduate programs.

Jinling University sticks to the development of our research-oriented university through innovation and to the development mode characterized by the integrated development of our university, national economy, regional economy and society.

史上最全CATTI全国人事部翻译考试精华资料（教材、真题、练习）汇总

参加2011年5月及11月CATTI二三级口笔译学习小组计划(找考友请进)

[大家网原创]版主友情提醒：2010年下半年始英语二三级笔译综大纲微调之比较[热烈庆祝三笔汉译英预测成功！]根据历届真题来源预测2010.11三笔实务[大家论坛原创]

版主深请呼唤~二三级口笔译考试真题练兵场

2010最新官方指定教材：

[大家网首发]2010年7月版《三级口笔译考试大纲》最新修订版下载

[大家网首发]2010年7月版《二级口笔译考试大纲》最新修订版下载

[大家网首发]2010年下半年最新修订版《英语三级笔译实务》试卷样题及官方答案word

2010年下半年最新修订版英语二级笔译实务试卷样题及参考答案word

2010下半年最新英语2级《笔译综合》样卷及答案word下载

【首发共享】CATTI2009版最新英语口笔译综合能力及实务PDF+MP3下载2004-2007版官方指定教材:

2007年版《英语笔译实务三级》PDF下载

2006年版英语二级笔译综合能力+笔译实务PDF下载

2006年版英语三级口译综合能力+笔译实务PDF及MP3下载

2004年版《英语三级翻译口笔译考试大纲》PDF下载

2004年版英语二级翻译口笔译考试大纲（修订版）PDF下载

2003-2010.11历届真题及模拟题：

2010年11月人事部翻译二三级口笔译网友真题回忆及经验整理汇总

2010年5月人事部二三级口笔译真题（回忆和经验）

CATTI全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试三级笔译真题2006——2010

外文出版社《英语3级笔译考试真题精选》PDF电子书下载

外文出版社《英语2级笔译考试真题精选》PDF电子书下载

《英语3级笔译考试真题详解(2003-2005) 》PDF下载

《英语3级口译考试真题详解(2003-2005)》(PDF+MP3)下载

《英语2级笔译考试真题详解：2003-2005》PDF下载

《英语2级口译考试真题详解：2003-2005》(PDF+MP3)下载

[大家网首发]《英语笔译全真模拟题与解析3级》PDF电子书下载

[大家网首发]《英语笔译全真模拟题及解析2级》PDF下载

[大家网首发]《英语口译全真模拟试题及解析2级》电子书下载

[大家网首发]《英语口译全真模拟试题及解析3级》电子书下载

词汇及教程：

[大家网首发]《英语口译常用词汇应试手册》（二三级通用）(2010-07出版)下载【大家网首发】《翻译资格考试必备_口笔译高频词汇》王斌华(2010-01出版)PDF 下载

[大家网首发]外文出版社《英语备考词汇全攻略(2级)》电子书下载

[大家网首发]外文出版社《英语备考词汇全攻略(3级)》电子版下载

CATTI英语二三级笔译词汇必备word下载

[大家网首发]《英语二级笔译综合能力与实务试题详解》2005吴爱丹版PDF下载[翻译教程]外语教学与研究出版社-申雨平-实用英汉翻译教程下载

CATTI备考资料--[青岛出版社]杨平编《名作精译》下载

[下载]《英语翻译一本全》超级电子书（完全版）

[下载]医学翻译导论（译者充电必读）.pdf

[下载]复旦大学英汉翻译讲座

备考资料：

武汉大学出版社《如何成为金牌自由翻译》PDF电子书下载

口译复习资料【视频及部分文档】---更新完毕！！速来下载哈！

人事部翻译资格考试：笔译综合能力试题及参考答案（5套）

翻译资格证书历年考试常考高频词汇.doc

历年温家宝总理答记者问、政府工作报告及演讲稿资料汇总

中英对照-林语堂译《幽梦影》之人生卷和品格卷电子书下载欣赏

CATTI口笔译三级实务和综合能力讲义（如何准备翻译考试）WORD下载人事部三级口译实务考试出题规律及复习资料下载

第七届人事部三级笔译考试2006年11月内容回忆（转）

环球二级口译讲义1-30

[下载]CATTI2必备词汇PDF格式

二级笔译的一点点经验

备考经验：[转]人事部二级翻译考试经验谈

无心插柳柳成荫，功夫不负有心人——我的二笔之路

方法及经验：

[下载]上外老师呕心沥血翻译教程（最全面翻译教程）

[下载]北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记（近10万字）

北京外国语大学教授-庄绎传(CATTI英语专家委员会顾问)漫谈翻译41页WORD下载

口译贵在务实

[经验]2009年翻译就业摘要

参加2010年11月CATTI二级、三级口笔译的同学请进(找考友~）

二三级笔记实务应该用哪些词典（附论坛下载链接）

翻译精华资料汇总

100本口笔译教程资料下载汇总

CATTI口笔译备考资料