二副面试题参考

第三章二副面试问题及参考答案

1. what are your responsibilities as a second officer?

The second officer is the navigational officer and sometimes also medical officer on board. Besides, the second officer shall assist the chief officer. His duties may include the following:

(1)navigation watch keeping (from 1200 to 1600, and from 0000 to 0400);

(2)chart and navigational publication corrections;

(3)passage plan making;

(4)usually working as the designated communications officer;

(5)maintenance of communication equipment, instruments and spare parts on board the ship;

(6)care of all the basic navigation equipment and instruments, including magnetic compasses,

gyrocompasses, gyro repeaters, time changes, depth sounders and course recorder.

(7)Maitenance of inventories of the stationery;

(8)Medical duties, and other duties designated by the master or chief officer.

(9)Some other work designated by master or chief officer.

4. please briefly describle the procedure of dealing with navigational warnings.

Firstly, I shall register the navigational warnings in the register book and record the warning number in the card. Secondly, I shall select the charts that are affected by the warnings. Then I shall use pens, scissors and glues to fix permanent notices. I shall also use pencils to fix temporary and preliminary notices. The charts are to be corrected according to all the concerned warnings. When I correct the chart, I shall frequently consult the geographical index.

5. can you describe the charts correction procedure?

Please refer to the same question for the master.

Firstly, the second officer has to make sure that he has received the latest Notice to Mariner and that he has to write the notice request on time. The master shall make emergency request if the latest is not received.

Secondly, the second officer has to record the notice to mariner on the correction logs on time according to the chronogical order.

Thirdly, when correcting the chart, he has to make sure that the last small correction has been made on the chart.

Erasure should never be made when deleting in formation crossed throuth. Instead, series of short double strokes should be used while correction fluid should not be used.

Always insert information before you delete any information.

6. who should draft the passage plan on board? What are included in passage plan? When you make the passage plan, what information do you need?

Usually,the passage plan should be prepared by the second officer and approved by the master. During passage, when an error or mistake is found about the passage plan, it should be reported to the master first and corrected afterwards by the second officer. But during voyage the passage plan cannot be changed without the master’s approved.

The passage plan should include such information as way points, the distance between way point, courses, current, tide, weather conditions and means of communications, means of fixing position and interval and so on.

Besides, the following information and publications are necessary in making the passage plan: sailing directions, pilot book, port entry guidance, tide table’s local area warning, warning from

the NAVAREA areas, list of light and radio signals, admiralty notice to mariner, sea chart and catalogue of admiralty charts and other publications.

7.what is the scope the passage plan cover? If you miss one ore two big or small scale charts for next voyage, can the ship give sea going or not?

The passage plan should cover the sailing route from berth to berth. Lack of information for some areas may lead to some serious accidents.

The ship cannot go if one or two charts are not available.

8. if the signal of “three red lights vertically aligned” is found on board a ship during night voyage, what do you think is wrong with the ship? If a motor ship is mpving under the way, but not under command, what kind of signals shoud she use? On what occasion do you display two black balls during the day?

The vessel is constrained by her draught. It is very hard for her to maneuver. Our vessel should give a wide and take actions to keep away from her.

The motor ship should use not-under-control lights, i.e., two red lights vertically aligned during night time, and two black balls vertically aligned during day time.

We shall display two black balls when our vessel cannot get out the way of another.

9. please describle how you take care of the magnetic compass.

The liquid magnetic compass should be regularly checked for air bubbles and it shoud always be covered when it is not in use. The deviation of the compass should be checked and observed during every watch.

10. how to you set and adjust gyrocompass?

The second officer should frequently check the gyrocompass, error. Actually, gyrocompass accuracy should be checked at least once a day at sea and at anchor, and for each course steered.

During the watch, the simultaneous check should be made at least hourly. If there is any significant deviation error, the second officer should report it to the master and record in the compass record book and deck logbook. The electronic devices should be kept away from the compasses in a reasonable distance. The chief officer or other designated officers should test the error in the morning and evening.

11.what are your responsibilities as the second officer while the vessel is in port?

My responsibilities are to keep good watch, to ensure the safety of life, the ship and the cargo and to maintain good wooking orders on the vessel.

During my watch I should be aware of the draft, under keel clearance, the state of ship, the mooring conditions so as to avoid dangerous listing, trim or hull stress during cargo operation. I should also make sure that de-ballasting causes no marine pollution. I should watch and supervise the loading process and report any incident or accident to the chief officer.

12. please tell me the difference between the great circle line and rhomb line?

In theory, the great circle line is the shortest distance between two places, while the rhomb line is longer than the great circle line. However, it is very hard for a vessel just to take the circle line or rhomb line.

13. during cargo loading, if you find cargo damages in holds, what should you do?

I should record them in writing or even photograph the damages and report the situations to

the chief officer immediately. The chief officer should report it to the tallyman and ask them to replace the cargo, if possible. At the same time, the officer on duty should make the on-the-spot record.

If the damages are realy very serous, we should report to the master and ask for his instructions.

14. when you usually do the chart work? When you are keeping watch, can you do the chart work?

Whenever I receive the notice to mariner, I will do the correction and drawing as soon as possible.

Generally, I should not do the chart work when am keeping watch. Doing chart work during watch keeping can give rise to some potential danger to the maneuvering of the vessel. 15. what is the maximum blood alcohol concentraition (BAC) rate on board?

According to the STCW code, the BAC shall not be more than 0.08% by weight at any time when being tested. Watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch. Besides, when bunkering, loading and unloading, mooring and unmooring, 4 hours before and after port all, the sailor on board cannot have any alcoholic before and after port all, the sailor on board cannot have any alcoholic drinks.

16. please tell me your duties as the medical officer.

I am responsible for maintaining the medical inventory. I should keep a good record of the

use of different medicines and make sure that the aide are at proper locations. I should also be careful with the medicine locker. The expired medicines should be replaced on time. When some important medicines are out of stock, I should report to the master and make requisition for supply.

17. when do you call the master to the bridge?

In the following situations, according to the SMS manual, I will have to call the master to the bridge:

(1)when the visibility is lower than the one mentioned in the master,s standing order;

(2)breakdown of the main engine, steering gear, gyro-compass or any other critical

equipment related to the safety of the vessel;

(3)when the ship,s position and sounding are unusual or strange;

(4)when the navigational marks or sounding do not appear as expected;

(5)when heavy weather is encountered;

(6)whenthe ship is behaving in an unusual way;

(7)when marine pollution is seen or suspected;

(8)when distress message is received or accident observed;

(9)any other situation when the officers are in observed;

(10)w henever the ship is in danger;

18.when RADAR and ARPAR are in use, do they relieve your duty of lookout as a watch-keeper?

No, these apparatuses do not relieve the watch officer of his duty to maintain a proper lookout at all times. This is very important to the manuvering of the vessel. Accidents often arise because of the officers’ complete dependence on the RADAR,ARPAR, GPS and o ther equipment, especially in hazardous areas, such as the coast and port areas, low visibility area, restricted areas and heavy weather regions. All in all, the rules and regulation of the COLREG 1972 must be strictly obeyed.

19. what do you know about EC and ECDIS ?

EC means electrionic chart, and ECDIS means electronic chart and information system.

This system usees the computer technology to provide chart details on a visual display unit, combined with an automatic indication of ship’s position, and possibly a radar image, and a

navigation aide. This kind of chart needs basic computer operation skills and automation knowledge.

20. can you tell me the main contents of a typical admiralty notice to mariner? How did you get the

notice to mariner on your last vessel?

The admiralty notice to mariners is a maritime publication issued by the hydrographic department of the united kingdom. They include admiralty nitices, Australian and new Zealand notices. They are published on a weekly basis. There is also an annual summary version.

The admiralty noyice to mariner includes 6 sections. Section one, explanatory notes and indexes to section two. Admiralty notices to mariners-corrections to charts. Section three, reprints of radio navigational warnings. Section four, corrections to admiralty sailing directions.

Section five, corrections to admiralty list of radio signals.

On my last ship, the ship owner provided us with the notice to mariners in every major port. If they failed to give u s the notice, we’ll send them a request for this.

21.it is very important to get rid of the outated charts and other SMS documents on board. Why?

It is very important to keep the latest revised charts(also some other ISM documents on board)in the deck and engine room, and keep away those out – of – dated charts because after

a period of time, you will not be able to know what documents are the newest ones. The mixture

of the old and new documents on board can easily give rise to some problems for the safety of he vessel. So it is very important to do away with the obsoletedocuments as soon as possible.

22.how do you maintain the clocks?

I am responsible for the vessel clocks except for those in the engine room. Before getting

underway, clocks shall be compared and synchronized, and the synchronization record shall be entered into the deck logbook.

23.under what situations do you call the engine room when you are on duty?

(1)whenever it is necessary to make sure that engine room and bridge clocks are synchronized;

(2)at least one hour before starting or ending a sea passage;

(3)as soon as it appears that engine operation maneuvers may be required, with one hour’s

notice if possible;

(4)whenever the ship machinery operation may be affected by weather or other condition

changes, such as shallow water approach, concentration of marine lifeor seaweed, ice in water, or change of trim or draft due to ballasting shifting;

(5)one hour before inert gas system operation is required (for tanker);

(6)one hour before steam is required on deck;

(7)whenever the temperature falls to 2 degree centigrade to provent damage to equipment;

(8)at least one hour before the standby generator is required;

(9)whenever the gargo pumps are used;

(10)o ne hour prior to getting underway.

24.what should you do first after you join a vessel?

Firstly, I shall familiarize myself with the familiarization booklet, the must lists and emergency card in my cabin. Second, I shall report to the master and get familiar with other officers and crew on board the vessel. Third, with accompaniment of the relieved second officer,

I shall discuss immediately with the master on any unsatisfactions, including equipment

malfunctions. I shall also take over all the documents the second officer should take care of. A good handover with the relieved second officer is the most important thing for me.

25.when do you have to change from the automatic steering to manual steering?

The steering mode should be change from automatic to manual mode under the following circumstances: (1) in any emergency situations; (2) in diminishing and restricted visibility, as defined by the master; (3) when the ship’s steering in shallow water; (4) when the master thinks necessary.

When the steering mode is changed, the watch officers shall supervise the process.

26.if ship collision happens when you are on duty, what procedure should you follow?

I should follow the emergency checklist.

Firstly, I will sound the alarm for emergency;

Secondly, I will inform the master immediately;

Thirdly, I will inform the engine room and propare engine standby;

After ship collision, all the tanks should be sound be and the ship owner, manager should be informed of the accident. The accident report should also be sent to the all concerned parties and the coast country. And all the above actions, ship’s position, times, etc. should be recorded properly.

27.before the ship sails to a new port, if you do not have one or two necessary charts, what should

you possibly do?

If possible, I will ask for help from the master. If the master cannot help, I may ask for help from the vessels sailing in the same area. Anyway, I will try to solve the problem before the vessel sails to the port.

28.what is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider in deciding the speed of a

vessel during sailing in the sea?

The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to be stopped in a safe distance. The following factors should be taken into account to achieve safe speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship’s maneuverability, wind force, sea tide and and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximity of navigational hadards, standart and operation of technical equipment on board, ice conditon and so on.

29.when navigation in a crossing situation, as master or duty officer, what anti-collision measures

should be taken? When the vessels are proceed on head-on condition, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and sailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule should be observed?

When to power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shall keep out of way. To do this, this ship can either alter course to starboard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision.

When to power-driven ships are meeting head-on situation or near head-on situation, each ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port siode of each other at a safe distance.

When a ship sails at a higher speed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher speed or shall alter its course to avoid collision.

A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship. This can be done either

altering its course or speed up to avoid collision.

30.you are the watch officer at another on an 8000-ton ship which is about 400 feet long. If the

weather becomes foggy and foggy, what precautions should you take?

I should station a man forward with orders to ring the ship’s bell rapidly for about 5

seconds every minutes and another man aft to sound the gong likewise. Ship’s whistle or siren would be ready for use in case of necessity to give warning of my position to a veseel approaching. The signals for this warning shall be 3 blasts in succession.

31.when should a turnover(handover)of watch be deferred or postpond?

Usually, under the following situations, the turnover can be deferred or even postond: (1) if the officer on watch has reasion to believe that the relieving officer is obiously not able to carry out his duties effectively; (2) when bridge maneuver us taking place, turnover of watch must be defeered until the action is completed and the ship is in a safe condition for the relief of the watch to take place.

32.under what conditions should you as officer on watch change the ship’s speed?

Refer to the questions and reference answers for the chief officer.

33.what actions should be taken when restricted visibility is encountered or expected?

(1) call or notify the master; (2)switch on the navigational lights;(3) switch on and sound

fog signal; (4) switch on ARPA and rdar; (5) shift to manual steering for maneuver; (6) post additional lookout; (7) inform and advise engine room for any emergency maneuvers.

34.what precautionary measures are to be done 12 hours before arrival at or departure from any

port?

I shall test the following before entering or getting underway: (1) primary and secondary

steering gear; (2) internal control communications and control alarm; (3) standby and emergency generator; (4) storage batteries for emergency lighting; (5) main propulsion ahead and astern. 35.what should you do in case of steering failure?

When there is a steering failure, I shall report to the master immediately, so that be may take whatever actions are required. At the same time, provide no further incidents occur, hoist the signals for a vessel not under command. At the same time, inform the engine room and determine the time necessary for repairs, if possible, so that the necessary preparations can be made on the bridge.

36.when is great circle sailing most advantageous? Please explain briefly.

Thye shortest distance between two meridians is the arc of the great circle contained between these two poits. The advantages of using the great circle sailing are most obvious in high latitudes, where there is a large difference of longitude between the points of departure and destination.

37.how do you do the chart work?

The chart work must be so detailed that the master or relieving officer can easily and quikly find out the ship’s last known position and from that they can determine its present position.

Detailed chart work includes course line, DR position marked with time and distance, observed position with time and distance plus the position fixing method.

Special notes like when the master should be informed and when to slow down, etc. are also needed in some dangerous areas.

38.if a man is overboard, what actions should you take immediately?

I should throw him a lifebuoy and follow the emergency procedure. That is to say, I should

sound the alarm, inform the master and the engine room, make the Williamson turn and keep constant lookout.

39.what is confine waters? What factor should you take into account when you make passage plan in

the confined waters?

Confined waters means an area of the sea where the width of the safely navigable waterway is not more than about 2 miles, such as a strait, considering the draft of the vessel and water depth.

For navigation in confined waters, I shall consider the following maters in planning a passage:

(1)presence/absence of special navigational rules and items to report.

(2)Information on the sailing directions, coast pilot, and so on.

(3)The draft of the vessel and the navigable of the sea.

(4)The effect of sinkage of the hull (squat) and keeping enough under keel clearance.

(5)Tides, and a tidal current.

(6)Weather conditions and counter-measures against restricted visibility.

(7)Use of navigation aids to give a sign, and setting of parallel index (line for avoiding danger).

(8)Passing time of danger points (daylight/night-time)?

(9)The degree of congested water-traffic, crowded area with fishing boats, and

counter-measures for the above mentioned.

(10)T he vessel’s maneuvering ability.

(11)N ecessary/lack of necessity for adjustment of the vessel’s speed.

40.what is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider in deciding the speed of a

vessel during sailing in the sea?

The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to be stopped in a safe distance. The following factors should be taken into account to achieve safe speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship’s man euverability, wind force, sea tide and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximity of navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment on board, ice condition and so on.

41.when navigating in a crossing situation, as master or duty officer, what anti-cillision measures

should be taken? When the vessels are proceed on head-on condition, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and sailing meet in the sea, what anti-cillision rule should be observed?

When two power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on own starboard side shall keep out of way. To do this, this ship can either alter course to starboard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid colloision.

When two power-driven ships are meeting head-on situation or near head-on situation, each ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port side of each other at a safe distance.

When a ship sails at a higher alter its course to avoid collision.

A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship. This can be done either

altering its course or speed up to avoid collision.

42.what is ISM code? How many chapters are there in ISM code now? what is DOC and SMC ?

ISM means international management code for the safe operation of ships and for pollution prevention. It is made by the IMO.

The ISM code (as amended) includes 16 chapters falling into two parts: implementation (part one ), and verification and certifiction (part two). The 16 chapters are: general, safety and environment protection policy, company responsibilities and authority, designated person(s), master’s responsibilities and authorirty, resources and personel, develop ment of plans for

shipboard operation, emergency preparedness, reports and analysis of non-conformity, accidents and hazardous occurrences, mantenance of the ship and equipment, documentation, company verification, review and evaluation, certification and verification, and forms of certificates. The last four chapters are newly added in the new version of ISM code.

SMS means safety management system, and this system is made based on the 16 elements of ISM code, which is a compulsory part SOLAS74. the ship-owner or mangaer cannot get document of compliance (DOC) and SMC without audited safety management certificate (SMC) BY CLASS DESIGNATED BY THE FLAG REGISTRY ADMINISTRATION.

43.in case of loss of bridge control, what immediate actions do you take?

In case of the vessel fall into of bridge control result from trouble in the main engine, steering gear, etc., the officer of the watch shall immediately take the following measures: Stopping engine (in case trouble of steering engine);

Alerting other vessels sailing nearly;

(by means of lights for “not under command”, whistle or VHF);

reporting to the master (chief engineer);

confirming the vessel position;

estimating the drifting direction and speed.

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