衡水中学高中英语新高考外刊知识学习讲义(002)(积累词汇、提升阅读理解写作能力)

2021年衡水中学高中英语新高考外刊知识学习讲义（002）Apple has unveiled digital wellbeing tools to help people reduce the time they spend glued to their screens.

苹果公司推出了一款数字健康工具，以帮助人们减少沉迷于手机的时间。

1unveil sth to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the publicfor the first time（首次）展示，介绍，推出；将…公诸于众SYN reveal

◆They will be unveiling their new models at the Motor Show.他们将在汽车大展上首次推出自己的新型汽车。

A new app called Screen Time will offer iPhone and iPad users a dashboard highlighting how much time they have spent using which apps, how many notifications they receive, how often they pick up their device and how their usage patterns compare to the average.

这款名为“屏幕时间”的新应用面向的是苹果手机和苹果平板电脑的用户，将会用数字仪表板的形式显示出用户使用哪一款应用消耗了多少时间，用户收到了多少个通知，以及他们拿起手机的频率，还有他们的使用模式和平均水平的对比。

1 notification：the act of giving or receiving official information about sth 通知；通告；告示◆ advance/prior notification (=telling sb in advance about sth) 预先通告

◆ written notification 书面通知

The app also lets users set daily time limits for individual apps, and a notification will be shown when the time limit is about to expire.Parents will be able to access their children’s activity reports from their own devices to understand and manage their browsing habits.

这款应用还让用户设置单个应用的每日使用时间上限，时间快到时会发出通知。父母将能够在自己的手机上访问孩子的活动报告，了解和管理孩子的浏览习惯。

“Some apps send us flurries of notifications trying to draw us in for fear of missing out,”said Apple’s senior vice-president of Software Engineering, Craig Federighi, speaking to a 6,000-strong audience at WWDC, Apple’s annual developer conference, at the McEnery Convention Center in San Jose on Monday.“For some of us it’s become such a habit we don’t even recognise just how distracted we’ve become.”

苹果公司软件工程高级副总裁克雷格·费德里吉在全球开发者大会上对6000名听众说道：“一些应用因为害怕用户错过内容，不停地发送通知来吸引我们。对一些人来说，看手机已经成为一种习惯，我们甚至都意识不到自己分神的严重程度。”苹果一年一度的全球开发者大会本周一在圣何塞麦克恩利会议中心举行。

1 strong：used after numbers to show the size of a group（用于数字后，表示某集体的规模）多达…的，计有…的

◆ a 5000-strong crowd多达 5000 人的群众

◆The crowd was 5000 strong.聚集的人群有 5000 人。

2 flurry：an occasion when there is a lot of activity, interest,excitement, etc. within a short period of time一阵忙乱（或激动、兴奋等）

◆ a sudden flurry of activity突然的频繁活动

◆Her arrival caused a flurry of excitement.她的到来引起了一阵哄动。

Screen Time will be available with iOS 12, the latest version of Apple’s mobile operating system, which launches later this year.

“屏幕时间”应用将会出现在苹果新一代手机操作系统iOS 12上，该操作系统将于今年晚些时候发布。

Other digital wellbeing features to launch with iOS 12 include enhancements to the “do not disturb”feature, including a bedtime mode that dims the display and hides all notifications from the lock screen until prompted in the morning.

随iOS 12一同发布的其他数字健康软件还有免打扰功能的升级版，包括可以调暗屏幕并隐藏锁屏上的所有通知直到用户晨起查看的睡眠模式。

1 display：

the words,pictures, etc. shown on a computer screen（计算机屏幕上的）显示，显像

a high resolution colour display高分辨率彩色显示

2 prompt：

to make sbdecide to do sth; to cause sth to happen 促使；导致；激起

The discovery ofthe bomb prompted an increase in security.此次发现炸弹促使当局加强了安全工作。

The new operating system will also let users control how notifications are delivered to reduce

interruptions,including the ability to group together notifications or turn them off completely. Apple’s virtual assistant Siri will also make suggestions for notification settings based on which alerts people act upon.

新的操作系统还能让用户控制通知发送方式以减少打扰，包括给通知分组或完全关闭通知。苹果的虚拟助手Siri将基于用户看到通知后的反应提出关于通知设置的建议。

The focus on digital wellbeing comes at a time when technology companies including Facebook, Twitter, Google and Apple are being scrutinised for their use of habit-forming design practices that encourage people to spend more time on their devices,such as infinite scrolling, notifications and other behavioural “nudges”.

发布这些数字健康软件的当口，正值脸谱网、推特、谷歌和苹果等技术公司因为让用户上瘾的设计手法而接受审查。这些设计鼓励人们花更多时间使用手机，比如不停翻阅滚动页面、没完没了的通知以及其他促使用户看手机的小伎俩。

1 nudge：a slight push,usually with the elbow（肘部的）轻推，碰

(figurative)He can work hard but he needs a nudge now and then.他能够努力工作，但偶尔需要督促一下。

Apple’stools are very similar to those announced by Google last month at its own annual developer conference, Google I/O. The latest version of Google’s mobile operating system, Android P,also comes with an “app dashboard”which allows users to set time limits on individual apps as well as a wind-down mode before bedtime that stops notifications and turns the screen to greyscale.

苹果的这些新软件和谷歌上个月在自己的年度开发者大会——谷歌I/O大会上宣布的新功能非常相似。谷歌最新版的手机操作系统安卓P也带有让用户设置单个应用使用时间限制的“仪表板应用”，以及在睡觉前停止发送通知和将屏幕调成灰色的淡出模式。

1 greyscale:(of an image 图像 ) produced using only shades of grey, not colour 灰度的；灰色调的◆ I've printed out the pictures in greyscale. 我已经用灰色调打印出图片。

2 wind-down:a gradual reduction in activity as sth comes to an end 逐渐减少至终止；逐步结束

◆ The wind-down of the company was handled very efficiently. 公司处理逐步缩减直至关闭的事宜效率很高。

The company also doubled down on its commitment to privacy with the introduction of tools to prevent advertisers from tracking users of Apple devices from being tracked online.

苹果公司还加倍重视保护用户隐私，引进一系列工具，以防止广告商在线跟踪苹果手机的用户。

1 commitment (to sb/sth)

the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an activity （对工作或活动的）献身，奉献，投入

◆ A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment. 干演员这一行需要百分之百的投入。

In adirect swipe at Facebook, Federighi explained how “like buttons and share buttons”and comment features can “be used to track you whether you click on them or not”.

费德里吉给了脸谱网当头一棒，解释了“点赞按钮和分享按钮”以及评论功能是如何“被用来跟踪你的，无论你是否点击了这些按钮”。

1 swipe:an act of hitting or trying to hit sb/sth by swinging your arm orsth that you are holding 抡打；挥击

◆ She took a swipe at him with her umbrella. 她抡起雨伞朝他打去。

“This year we’re shutting that down,”he said, adding that people can interact with these features if they choose to, but they won’t be tracked by default on an Apple computer if they use the native Safari browser on the next version of its desktop operating system, macOS Mojave.

他说：“今年我们要终止这种跟踪，”并补充说，人们可以选择用这些功能进行互动，但不会在苹果电脑新版桌面操作系统macOS Mojave默认自带的Safari 浏览器上被跟踪。

1 default :what happens or appears if you do not make any other choice or change默认；系统设定值；预置值

◆The default option is to save your work every five minutes.默认设置为每五分钟存盘一次。

◆On this screen, 256 colours is the default.这个显示屏的系统设定值是 256色。

The company is also clamping down on a technique called“fingerprinting”which allows advertisers to identify and track individual web users based on the unique way

their computer is set up,including the device, operating system and fonts they are using.

苹果还将打击一种名为“指纹识别”的技术，这种技术允许广告商基于每台电脑的独特设置，包括装置、操作系统和字体，来识别和跟踪个人网络用户。

1 clamp down (on sb/sth)

to take strict action in order to prevent sth, especially crime严厉打击（犯罪等）

◆a campaign by police to clamp downon street crime警方严厉打击街头犯罪的运动

“Put simply, there are two big classes of tracking: cookies and fingerprinting,”said Dr Lukasz Olejnik, independent security and privacy researcher and consultant. “It appears that Apple has set a goal to go after all techniques that may be used in third-party tracking. It’s an arms race and I believe Apple may be winning.”

独立安全隐私研究员和顾问卢卡什·奥勒杰尼克博士说：“简单来说，跟踪技术主要有两种：cookie文件和指纹识别。看起来苹果公司已经确立了目标，要干掉所有可能被用于第三方跟踪的技术。这是一场‘军备’竞赛，我认为苹果可能会赢。”

1 To put it simply/ Put it simply 简而言之

2 class 种类

3 consultant 顾问

4 set a goal to do sth

5 追逐；追求；追击；If you go after something,you try to get it, catch it, or hit it.

We're not going after civilian targets.

我们不会以民用设施为打击目标。

6 arms race: a situation in which countries compete to get the most and best weapons

军备竞赛