高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit14Careers教师用书北师大版必修

Unit 14 Careers

(对应学生用书第98页)

[单词拼写应用]

Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记

1．income n．收入

2．reward n. 奖赏

3．charge vt.收费，要价

n. 负责

4．guidance n. 指导

5．paragraph n. 段落

6．aid n. 援助，帮助

7．topic n. 题目，话题

8．quarrel vi.争吵，吵架9．childhood n. 童年，儿童时代10．idiom n. 习语，成语

11．junior adj.低级的

12．overcome vt.战胜，克服

13．grasp vt.理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧14．bend v. 弯腰，倾身

15．stage n. 舞台；阶段，时期16．receptionist n. 接待员

17．insurance n. 保险

18．multiply v. 乘；大量增加19．dynamic adj.精力充沛的20．flexible adj.灵活的21．qualification n. 资格，资历

Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别

1．summary n. 摘要，总结

→summarize vt.总结，概括

2．appoint vt.任命，委任；约定，指定→appointed adj.约定好了的

→appointment n. 约会

3．basis n. 基础，根据

→base n. 基础，根据地

vt.以……为基础

→basic adj.基本的，基础的4．surround vt.包围

→surrounding adj.附近的，周围的5．wisdom n. 智慧

→wise adj.聪明的，智慧的6．inspect v. 审查

→inspection n. 检查，视察

→inspector n. 检查员，视察者7．commit vt.投入

→commitment n. 承诺，保证

8．glory n. 荣耀的事，值得骄傲的事→glorious adj.光荣的

9．constantly adv. 不断地

→constant adj.不断的，连续的10．hesitate v. 犹豫，踌躇

→hesitation n. 犹豫

11．operate vi.运转，运作

vt.操作

→operation n. 手术；启动，操作

→operator n. 操作者，接线员(电话) 12．respond vi.反应；回复，回答

→response n. 回复，回答13．comfort n. 舒适，安逸

→comfortable adj.舒适的

14．legal adj.合法的

→illegal adj.不合法的，违法的

15．exist v. 存在

→existence n. 生活；存在

Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)

1．Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings(surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017·江苏高考)

2．I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable(comfort)．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)

3．Without hesitation(hesitate)，the brave soldier jumped into the lake to save the drowning child.

4．I reminded him of the appointment，but he didn't make any response(respond)．5．After the operation(operate) you may find it difficult to chew and swallow. 6．A country should mainly rely on the strength and wisdom(wise) of its own people. 7．It's illegal(legal) to read people's private letters without permission. 8．It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence(exist)．9．She is constantly(constant) under pressure and it is affecting her health. 10．My friend Tom and I made an appointment yesterday.He told me that he was appointed to a remote village.(appoint)

[拓展联想]

Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写

1．take charge of 接管，控制

2．make up 编造；组成

3．make out 假称；听出，看出

4．go into detail(s) 讨论，细谈

5．speak up 大声地说，自由而大胆地说出

6．sit up 坐直；熬夜

7．believe in 信任，信仰

8．turn over 反转

9．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功

10．keep up with 跟上，赶上

11．in case 以防万一；万一

12．due to 由于

13．in addition(to) 此外

14．turn up 出现，到达

15．above all 最重要的是

16．leave behind 留下来，将……落在后面

Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)

1．The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.(2017·江苏高考)

2．Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and making up jokes.

3．Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully. 4．It was in the lab which was taken charge of by Professor Black that they did the experiment.

5．You've got to believe in yourself，or you'll never succeed.

6．China is developing fast due to the hard work of all Chinese people.

7．In order to keep up with the times，I study hard every day.

8．We arranged to meet at 7：30，but she never turned up．

9．Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.

10．Frankly speaking，it is difficult for me to make out what he is saying. [拓展联想]

[句式结构仿写]

am committed and never give up I will

be able to produce high quality

reports.

sooner or later.

3.vt.＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.

Between now and the 21st century，

citizens of the world's richest and

most advanced nations will find it

more and more difficult to keep up

with the demand for change.

3.没有人认为对你来说不需要外力帮助就能

轻易地完成那项工作。

Nobody thinks it easy for you to finish

the work without outside help.

4.not...but...“不是……而是……”

It's not about making men more like

women，but helping men to communicate

as well.

4.有时是你说话的方式而不是你说话的内容

才是重要的。

Sometimes it is not what you say but the

way you say it that matters.

(对应学生用书第100页)

精讲7个考纲单词

reward n．奖赏，回报 vt.奖赏；给以报酬

[教材原句] The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds

her cat for her!

这位老妇人愿意给帮她找到猫的人50美元的报酬！

(1)give sb. a reward for (doing) sth.

因(做)某事而给某人奖赏

in reward 作为报酬，作为回报

(2)reward sb. with sth. for (doing) sth.

因(做)某事用某物奖励某人

(3)rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的

一次受益匪浅的锻炼。

②Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was rewarded with a magnificent view.

任何一个登上泰山之巅的人，都会欣赏到美丽的风景。

链接写作

【导学号：33220051】那位老教授因对国家的贡献而获得光荣称号。

①The old professor received a title as a reward for his contributions to the nation.(reward n．)

②The old professor received a title in reward for his contributions to the nation.(reward n．)

③The old professor was rewarded with a title for his contributions to the nation.(reward v．)

charge vt.&vi.收费；指控；赋予……职责；充电；使充满(……情绪) n．费用；主管[高考佳句] We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $ 20，half of what it used to charge.(2017·江苏高考)我们选择这家旅馆是因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，现在的价格只是过去的一半了。

(1)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用

charge sb. with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……

in charge of 控制/管理……

in the charge of 受……的管理

free of charge 免费

先付款，我们就不收你送货费。

②The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.

曾经掌管这家公司的那个人被指控吸毒。

链接写作

【导学号：33220052】当他不在时，我掌管这家医院。

I take charge of the hospital when he is away.

①I am in charge of the hospital when he is away.

②The hospital is in the charge of me when he is away.

[名师点津] in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”；in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。

commit vt.投入；使承诺；犯(错误，罪行等)

[教材原句] I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.我发现，只要我具有献身精神并决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。

(1)commit sb. to (doing) sth. 使某人承诺(做)某事

commit oneself to (doing) sth. 答应(做)某事

commit sth. to sb. 投入/拨出……供某人使用

commit suicide/a crime/a murder

自杀/犯罪/谋杀

(2)commitment n. [C][U]承诺；保证；

[C]承担义务

make a commitment 作出承诺

(3)committed adj.忠诚的，尽职的

他们呼吁西方国家向极端贫困国家投入更多的钱。

②The contract commits him to playing(play) for the team for the next three years.合约规定以后三年他要为该队效力。

③Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big commitment (commit)，but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.

放弃我的工作并重新接受全日制教育是一个重大的决定，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好的决定。

hesitate v．犹豫，踌躇，不愿意，有顾虑

[经典例句] He was still hesitating over whether to leave or not.(朗文辞典)他还在犹豫要不要离开。

(1)hesitation n．踌躇；犹豫

without hesitation 毫不犹豫地

have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事

(2)hesitate to do sth.＝hesitate about/over (doing) sth.

对(做)某事犹豫不决

如果你需要什么东西，请毫不犹豫地告诉我。

②I accepted the job without hesitation (hesitate)．

＝I had no hesitation in accepting the job.

我毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作。

operate vi.运转；运作；做手术，起作用

vt.操作；经营

[一词多义] 写出下列句中operate的含义

①The doctor decided to operate at once.动手术

②The medicine will operate in ten minutes.起作用

③You operate the mechanism by winding this handle.操作

④They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.经营

respond vi.反应；回复，回答

[教材原句] Many more people will work for small，dynamic companies which can respond quickly to changes in the market.

许多人会供职于小且具有活力的公司。这样的公司能对市场变化作出快速反应。

(1)respond to 回答……，对……作出反应

respond that 回应称

(2)response n. 回答；反应；响应

make a/no response to... 对……给予/没有回答

in response to 作为对……的反应

接收到一条信息并不意味着你需要回复。

②In response to the features above，the following measures have been taken in system design.

针对上述特点，在系统的设计上已采取以下措施。

③The famous film star made no response (respond) to the questions asked by reporters.

那位知名影星没有对记者的提问给予回答。

comfort n．&v.安慰，慰问；(使……)安逸，舒适

[经典例句] All our sports shoes are designed for comfort and performance.(朗文辞典)

我们所有的运动鞋设计都讲求舒适和性能。

(1)in comfort 舒服的

take comfort from 从……中得到安慰

(2)comfortable adj.舒适的，安逸的

comfortably adv. 舒适地；安逸地

①The dress is carefully styled for maximum comfort.这服装精心设计，力求达到最大限度的舒适。

②He has enough money so that he can live in comfort.

他有足够的钱，足可舒舒服服过日子。

③The hotel is modern and comfortably(comfort) furnished.这家旅馆很现代，家具很舒适。

诠释3个核心短语

make up占，形成，构成；弥补；编造；整理；化妆；和好；组成

[一词多义] 写出下列句中make up的含义

①Nothing can make up for what they have suffered.弥补

②They quarrelled the other day but they made up soon. 和好

③Leave this notice hanging on your door，asking the servant to make up your room. 整理

④I don't like to see women making up in public.化妆

⑤Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.占，构成

make out (费力)理解；假装；辨认出；看清楚

make it 取得成功；准时到达；做到了

be made up of 由……组成

make for 移向；走向；促成；有利于

make up for 弥补，补偿

我们赶不上了。

pay off得到好结果；取得成功；还清，偿清；(付清工资后)解雇

[经典例句] We paid off our mortgage after fifteen years.(牛津词典)

我们历经十五年的时间还清了抵押借款。

pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价

pay sb. for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬

pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复；回报

Loss of health is too high a price to pay for success.

太高了。

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