2020年10月全国自考基础英语试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试
基础英语试题
课程代码：00088
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
一、词汇应用和语法结构（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）
（一）词汇应用（15分）
选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. Everyone must ________ for what he eats and drinks.
A. give
B. own
C. pay
D. get
2. In order to make greater ________, you have to lower the cost of production.
A. money
B. benefits
C. profits
D. prices
3. Stress can cause car accidents and heart attacks and may even ________ people to suicide.
A. let
B. make
C. drive
D. get
4. The Universal Product Code is ________ to add speed and efficiency to stores by using computers.
A. designed
B. drawn
C. pictured
D. planned
5. Different people have different ________ about how taxation should be arranged.
A. ways
B. means
C. ideas
D. methods
6. When you are introduced to new people, you should try to ________ friendly and self.confident.
A. stare
B. appear
C. see
D. gaze
7. Steel is ________ to iron in strength, hardness, and elasticity.
A. stronger
B. harder
C. superior
D. better
8. In the old days women’s activities were ________ to the household.
A. restricted
B. confined
C. limited
D. restrained
9. Nations have tariffs to ________ their own merchants and manufacturers from foreign competition.
A. prevent
B. shelter
C. ensure
D. protect
10. The shoes you want are not ________ in this shop.
A. approachable
B. available
C. attainable
D. applicable
11. The little town ________ a lot from its tourism.
A. contributes
B. benefits
C. supports
D. gains
12. The customer ________ whether the articles exhibited in the shop were for sale.
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A. inquired
B. required
C. acquired
D. informed
13. The rent is reasonable; ________, the location is perfect.
A. moreover
B. otherwise
C. however
D. therefore
14. He decided to ________ $ 200 in the bank each month.
A. develop
B. benefit
C. expand
D. deposit
15. He took up painting in his________ time.
A. empty
B. blank
C. free
D. spare
（二）语法结构（15分）
选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
16. It is cheaper to throw them away than ________.
A. repair them
B. reparing them
C. to repair them
D. repairs them
17. I am not going to buy it because I don’t have ________ money on me.
A. any
B. some
C. no
D. a little
18. When he came in, his mother ________ television.
A. watched
B. was watching
C. had watched
D. watches
19. Computers are so wonderful ________ they are known as thinking machines.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. for which
20. The doctor told me to take the pill ________.
A. every four hour
B. four every hour
C. every four hours
D. four every hours
21. It’s ________ my power to make a final decision on this important matter.
A. off
B. beyond
C. above
D. outside
22. A cut in your prices is exactly ________ our customers wish that you should do.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
23. We shall cancel the contract ________ you fail to open the L/C before the end of this month.
A. unless
B. since
C. if
D. although
24. A policeman approached Timmy and told him that he ________ along the sidewalk.
A. ought to go
B. should go
C. had gone
D. ought to have gone
25. I knew ________ men.
A. many distinguished American literary
B. American many distinguished literary
2
C. many American distinguished literary
D. distinguished many literary American
26. If he ________ that, he would have run away.
A. realized
B. had realized
C. would have realized
D. has realized
27. We looked ________ for your lost bike.
A. everywhere
B. anywhere
C. wherever
D. where
28. Rather than ________ there by air, I’d take the slowest train.
A. to go
B. go
C. went
D. would go
29. No announcement has been made concerning ________ on the shuttle flight.
A. who go
B. who is going
C. is who going
D. who gone
30. That is definitely the place ________ I left my car just now.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
二、改错（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
下面句子中有A,B,C,D四个划底线部分，其中有一个是错误的，选出错误部分的字母，无需改正错误。
31. An economist learns how to guess what will happen in the future, as far as goods and
A B C
prices concerned.
D
32. Henry Ford, who first started making cars in large numbers, probably didn’t know how
A B C
much the car is going to affect American culture.
D
33. When we are very frightened and worry, our bodies produce certain chemicals to help us fight
A B C D
what is troubling us.
34. A direct tax is arranged in so a way that the poor people pay nothing, and the percentage of
A B C
tax grows greater as the tax payer’s income grows.
D
35. Like many of the most important discoveries of man, how iron was first discovered and used
3
A B C
is not know.
D
36. The right to unload goods without paying a tariff are very important to merchants in foreign
A B C D
trade.
37. In today’s production processes, one person usually performs a limited number of tasks but
A B C
performs these very good.
D
38. Except rail carriers, trucks carry more freight than any other form of transportation.
A B C D
39. The more the insurance companies know the likelihood of a particular loss, the fair the rates
A B C
they set will be.
D
40. No one can avoid to be influenced by advertisements. They always make every effort to
A B
persuade us to buy this or that product.
C D
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
Thirty six of the developing countries 41 considered by the United Nations to be the “42 developed countries”. Most of 43 are small in terms of 44 and population. Some are landlocked (陆围的) or small island 45 . They are 46 characterized by low per capital incomes, literacy 47 , and medical standards; subsistence agriculture （生存农业）; 48 a lack of exploitable minerals and competitive industries. Many 49 from aridity (干旱), floods, hurricanes and 50 animal and plant pests. Most are 51 in the zone 10 to 30 degrees north latitude. These countries have 52 prospect of rapid economic development 53 the foreseeable future. They are 54 to remain heavily dependent 55 official development assistance for many years.
41. A. are B. am C. is D. will be
42. A. most B. least C. best D. worst
43. A. them B. they C. us D. we
44. https://www.360docs.net/doc/0c16106046.html,nd B. place C. area D. region
4
45. A.counties B. countries C. states D. lands
46. A. differently B. especially C. generally D. specially
47. A. place B. position C. levels D. standard
48. A. and B. but C. for D. so
49. A. to suffer B. suffer C. suffers D. suffering
50. A. sufficient B. few C. enough D. excessive
51. A. locate B. lies C. lied D. situated
52. A. little B. few C. lot D. a few
53. A. at B. for C. on D. in
54. A. definitely B. probably C. like D. likely
55. A. upon B. to C. up D. for
四、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
本部分有两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题,每个问题有四个选项,选择最佳答案完成句子。错选、多选或未选均无分。Passage 1
In the earliest stages of man’s development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighbourhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters who were springing up everywhere. It was then that the question of payment arose.
At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.
Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money. In some countries, easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmer, instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain, gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food, he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later, pieces of metal, bearing values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces, or coins were used. Money as we know had arrived.
56. In very early times ________.
A. children did not need money
5
B. men needed animals more than they needed money
C. men did not need money at all
D. men needed money more than animals did
57. As men became more civilized they ________.
A. all learnt to make what they wanted themselves
B. had to travel a lot to look for what they wanted
C. got things from other people who knew how to make them better
D. found everything more expensive
58. When they began the system of exchange ________.
A. the smith took some meat to the farmer
B. the farmer gave an axe to the smith
C. the smith gave an axe or a plough to the farmer
D. the farmer took some grain from the smith
59. Before people used metal coins they used________.
A. shells or seeds because they could be easily handled
B. camels even though they were large
C. flat stones even though they were large
D. all of the above
60. Money was not used until ________.
A. an urgent need for it was felt
B. a simple process of exchange came to be practiced
C. nothing could be offered in exchange
D. the exchange of one thing for another became too complicated
Passage 2
It’s no strange coincidence that during the time you drive along staring out the window, sleep in your bed, undertake your daily duties your subconscious continues to work for you even though you may not always be fully aware of this.
How often have you been doing something totally unrelated and then suddenly an idea snaps into your mind? Often? Sometimes? Never? In any case after you have put considerable time into solving your problem you will find your inner mind will work for you. Sometimes if you try too hard to solve something you end up with nothing You feel too tired to fully activate your inner mind.
So, as the expression goes “chill out”, have a break and sleep on it. You may be surprised at how successful switching off can be.
61. The passage is mainly about ________.
6
B. daily actions
C. ideas
D. subconscious
62. Your inner mind works when you ________.
A. try to solve a problem
B. take a rest
C. drive
D. all of the above
63. You can’t solve a problem when you are thinking hard because ________.
A. you are not intelligent enough.
B. your inner mind is not fully activated.
C. hard problems require time.
D. your mind is tired.
64. The phrase “chill out”probably means “________”.
A. relax.
B. think hard.
C. move to a colder place.
D. stay outdoors.
65. In order to solve problems, the author suggests that readers ________.
A. drive a car
B. think as hard as possible
C. leave it alone
D. think hard, then take a rest
五、单词或短语的英汉互译（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
(一) 将下列词语译成中文（5分）
66. mass production
67. traffic jam
68. labor force
69. tariff barriers
70. insurance company
（二）将下列词语译成英文（5分）
71. 经济增长
7
73. 资金积累
74. 原材料
75. 城市商业区
六、英汉句子互译(本大题共4小题，每小题3-4分，共15分)
（一）将下列句子译成中文
76. Iron has become a necessity in our modern life, and we may say that we are living in the age of steel and iron. (4分)
77. Many free ports have warehouses where foreign merchants may store goods without paying tariffs. (4分)
（二）将下列句子译成英文
78. 罢工加上恶劣的天气使今夏的水果供应大大减少了。(4分)
79. 地铁是一种迅速方便的公共交通工具。(3分)
8
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