英语应用文的写作技巧

英语应用文的写作技巧
英语应用文的写作技巧

英语应用文的写作技巧

如何有针对性地写好英语应用文写作

英语应用文写作是一项长期的、渐进的过程。小编分析应用文阅读及写作特点,并提出教学对策,以提高学生的英语综合使用能力。

一、读和写的关系

读写结合是培养写作的重要而又有效的途径。读是写的前提写作是读的目的,他们是密不可分的,由读到仿,由仿到写,由写到创,正如大诗人杜甫说:“读书破万卷,下笔如有神。叶圣陶先生说:“阅读是吸收,写作是倾吐,倾吐能否合乎于法度,显然与吸收有亲密的联络。”由此看来,阅读是写作的基础。在英语教学中,只有将读和写结合起来,才能有助于提高语言的综合技能。

二、应用文文本阅读及写作特点

(一)被动性、复原性及释义的单一性的特点

首先,功利需要的满足和功利目的的实现,无论对于个体人的生存开展还是对于群体、社会人的生存开展,都是至关重要和必需的,这表现在应用文阅读的心理、行为受被动控制心理影响。因此在这种阅读的心理支配下,往往读者是一种被动心理,即需要什么就读什么,缺乏一种积极主动的阅读精神。再者,应用文本一般都是作者必须把欲表达的思想观点、反映的客观情况充分地、完整地赋之于文本,避免一切意义空白的存在。对象征、隐喻、比拟、暗示、双关、夸大等可能引起读者对文意曲解引伸的表达方式弃之不用,力求主旨鲜明、

词决意畅,力忌委婉含蓄、词微旨远等。再者,文本意义有严格的语境限制,比如确定的时间、地点,确定的对象、范围,确定的行文目的,确定的上下文关系等,使读者的理解能严格按作者铺设的意义轨道运行。最后,应用文文本意义先读者而存在的自有自足性和作者对文本意义所作的如上所述的种种设定限制,使应用文本成为具有排他性的封闭构造。综上所述,应用文特有的复原性、被动性,释义的单一性也就给学习者一种警示,在阅读应用文本时一定要遵守这一特点,要区别于常识阅读,把坚持什么,避免什么弄清晰,坚持“学学、套套、练练、用用”的学习原则。

(二)实用性、通用性、专业性、行业性的特点

实用性和通用性是应用文的特点,同时,专业性、行业性较强也是应用文的鲜明特点。应用写作是写作学的分支,属于写作学课程,但它不同于常见的“基础写作”课。它是以写作学的理论为基础,更侧重的是人们社会工作、生活中的各类应用。

三、高职英语教学中应用文阅读及其写作教学常被无视

全国高职高专学院现在都使用了国家高职院校的英语指定教材——《当代高职高专英语教程》(浙江大学出版社)及《新编实用英语》(高等教育出版社)。这两套教材都以先进的教育理念为指导,以全面提高学生综合素质为宗旨,把培养和开发学生在英语听说读写译方面的应用能力放在首位。每册各8个单元,每单元第四部分都为应用文阅读及写作。由于学生的英语基础很差,在教学中把大量的时间花在了基础知识的讲解和训练上,在处理第四章节时已经时间不足,精力

不足了,基本上教师寥寥处理,加之学生又不愿动手,往往这一章节就敷衍过去了。

四、如何使应用文写作和阅读得以重视

(一)合理处理课时.整合内容构造

高职高专英语教育大纲手册:一般性对每一不同内容的章节,科学授课课时为7学时。备课最好是备单元,也就是说把一个单元看作整体进行备课做到知识内容整合,这样知识前后能够连接起来,使语言基础能够有效的施行在语言综合使用上,即词法句法学习奠定了语言综合技能的使用,综合技能的培养拓宽了语言实用技能。

(--)提高教师本身的社会实践能力.改良教学方法

高职高专院校都采用的是“实用英语教材”。教材自己就对英语语言应用能力要求很高。英语教师英语语言知识很结实很扎实,驾驭课堂知识讲解时能做到游刃有余,但是在面对商务专业很强的课文处理、应用文写作时就很棘手。教师本身应加强商务知识的学习和积累,学校或教研室也应该对从事高职高专的英语教师进行培训,任课教师主动参与社会实践,采用实践教学法、案例教学法、比较教学法和模拟情境教学法及将多媒体技术应用于写作课程的改革设想,这样就能使英语语言传授和商务知识、详细渗透相得益彰。

(三)培养学生的实际动手能力

“应用文一听就懂,一看就会,一写就错”的问习题得到了教师和学生的共识。因此,在讲授应用文阅读和写作时,一定把培养学生动手习作放在第一位。要求学生背诵各类文体的用途、格式、标准要

求、写作方法。教师应多给学生训练时机,训练材料,加大常用文体的写作训练,教师还应及时监视和批改学生的习作。

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