华尔街Wall Street

Wall street

1概述(Summary)

It runs east from Broadway to South Street on the East River , through the historical center of the Financial District . It is the first permanent home of the New York Stock Exchange ; over time Wall Street became the name of the surrounding geographic neighborhood. Wall Street is also shorthand for the "influential financial interests" of the American financial industry, which is centered in the New York City area. Several major US stock and other exchanges remain headquartered on Wall Street and in the Financial District, including the NYSE , NASDAQ , AMEX , NYMEX , and NYBOT .

华尔街是一个街头曼哈顿下城，纽约市，纽约，美国。它运行向东从百老汇到南街的东河，通过历史中心金融区。这是第一个永久的家，纽约证券交易所，超过时间成为华尔街附近周围的地理名称。华尔街也是简写的“影响力的金融利益”的美国金融产业，是区域中心在纽约市。[2]几个主要的美国股票和其他交易所仍设在华尔街和金融区，包括纽约证券交易所，纳斯达克，美国证券交易所，纽约商品交易所和纽约期货交易所。

2 历史(History)

The name of the street derives from the 17th century when Wall Street formed the northern boundary of the New Amsterdam settlement. In the 1640s basic picket（原木）and plank fences（木板围墙）denoted（记为）residences（居留）in the colony. Later, on behalf of the Dutch West India Company, in part using African slaves, the Dutch led in the construction of a stronger stockade.（寨子）There was a strengthened 4 meters wall against attack from various Native American tribes（美[tra?b]）. In 1685 surveyors laid out Wall Street along the lines of the original stockade(寨子). The wall was dismantled （美[d?s'm?ntl]）by the British colonial government in 1699. In the late 18th century, there was a buttonwood（梧桐）tree at the foot of Wall Street under which traders and speculators(投机商，美['sp?kj?,let?]) would gather to trade informally. In 1792, the traders formalized（使…成为正式；使具有一定形式，美['f?rm?,la?z]）their association with the Buttonwood Agreement. This was the origin of the New York Stock Exchange. In 1789, Federal Hall and Wall Street was the scene of the United States' first presidential inauguration （美[?n,?ɡj?'re??n]）. George Washington took the oath of office(宣誓就职) on the balcony of Federal Hall overlooking Wall Street on April 30, 1789. This was also the location of the passing of the Bill Of Rights. In 1889, the original stock report, Customers' Afternoon Letter, became The Wall Street Journal（华尔街日报）, named in reference to（参照）the actual street, it is now an influential international daily business newspaper published in New York City.

该街道的名称源自17世纪时，华尔街形成了北部边界的新阿姆斯特丹定居。在17世纪40年代在殖民地用原木和木板围墙勉强作为住宅。后来，以荷兰西印度公司，荷兰人，部分使用非洲奴隶，建立了一个更坚固的寨子。有一个加强4米壁抵御来自不同部落的印第安人攻击。 1685年测量师沿原寨子奠定了华尔街。墙被英国殖民政府于1699年被拆除。在18世纪末期，在街墙的脚下有梧桐树,交易商和投机商将聚集到一起进行非正式交易。 1792年，他们的交易商协会正式达成梧桐树协议。这是最初的纽约证券交易所。 1789年，联邦大厅和华尔街就职典礼现场是美国首任总统。乔治华盛顿还对联邦大厅俯瞰1789年4月30日华尔街阳台上宣誓就职。这也是对人权法案的通过位置。 1889年，原来的库存报告，客户下午信，成为华尔街日报，名字参照的实际的街道的名字，现在是一个在纽约市出版有影响力的国际日常商业报。

3 衰落与复兴(Decline and revitalization)

The Manhattan Financial District is one of the largest business districts in the United States, and second in New York City only to Midtown.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the corporate（整体的,英['k?:p?rit]）culture of New York was a primas the bank's headquarters was the most important address in American finance. At noon, on Sep t ember 16, 1920, a bomb exploded in front of the bank, killing 38 and injuring 300. On,hortly before the bomb went off（爆炸）， a warning note was placed in a mailbox ats the bank's headquarters was the most important address in American finance. At noon, on September 16, 1920, a bomb exploded in front of the bank, killing 38 and injuring 300. Shortly before the bomb went off（爆炸），a warning note was placed in a mailbox at the corner of Cedar Street and Broadway（在柏树街和百老汇的角落）. While theories abound（大量存在，vi.美[?'ba?nd]）about who was behind the Wall Street bombing and why they did it, after twenty years investigating（调查）the matter,the FBI rendered（呈现）the file inactive（提供的文件无效）in 1940 without ever finding the perpetrators（做坏事者;犯罪者，美[,p?p?'tret?]）.

与1914年建成的，23华尔街被称为“众议院摩根”和几十年来该银行的总部在美国金融业占有重要地位。虽然关于谁背后轰炸华尔街和为什么他们这样做的证据大量存在，但经过二十多年对此事进行调查，美国联邦调查局在1940年呈现无效文件，没有找到肇事者。

The stock market crash of 1929 ushered(引，迎，美['???]) in the Great Depression. During this era, development of the financial district stagnated（停滞，不流动，美['st?ɡ,net]）. Some point to the fact that it was actually a government-funded project, constructed by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey with the intention（意图）of spurring（刺激）economic development downtown.（一些人提出的事实，它实际上是一个由政府资助的项目，由纽约和新泽西港务局兴建，促进经济发展市中心的意图。）In the September 11, 2001 attacks the World Trade Center was destroyed. The attacks contributed to （导致）the loss of business on Wall Street,

A new World Trade Center complex, centered on Daniel Liebeskind's （利贝斯金德）Memory Foundations plan, is in the early stages of development and one building has already been replaced. The centerpiece（核心）to this plan is the 1,776-foot tall 1 World Trade Center.

4 建筑(Buildings)

Wall Street's architecture is generally rooted in the Gilded（镀金的, 贴以金箔的，['g?ld?d] ）Age, though there are also some art deco（装饰，装饰品，美['d?ko] ）influences in the neighborhood. Landmark buildings on Wall Street include Federal Hall（美['f?d?r?l）, Bankers Trust Company Building, The Trump Building, and the New York Stock Exchange at the corner of Broad Street.

5 华尔街对决主街(Wall Street vs. Main Street)

As a figure of speech contrasted to "Main Street", the term "Wall Street" can refer to big business interests（利益）against those of small business and the working of middle class. It is sometimes used more specifically to refer to research analysts, shareholders（股东）, and financial institutions such as investment banks.

Whereas（英[hw??r'?z]）"Main Street" conjures（让人想起）up images of locally owned businesses and banks. While the phrase（这句话）"Wall Street" is commonly used interchangeably（交替）with the phrase "Corporate America"（美国公司）, it is also sometimes used in contrast（对比）to distinguish （区分）between the interests, culture, and lifestyles of investment banks and those of Fortune 500 industrial or service corporations.

6 感知(Perceptions)

The older skyscrapers（['skaiskreip?]）often were built with elaborate（美[?'l?b?ret]）facades（英[f?'sɑ:d]）（精致的外表）.The World Trade Center, built in the 1970s, was very plain（普通）and utilitarian （功利的，时用的，美[ju,t?l?'t?ri?n] ）in comparison (the Twin Towers were often criticized(批评) as looking like two big boxes).

Wall Street, more than anything, represents（代表）financial and economic power. To Americans,

Wall Street can sometimes represent elitism （精英，[ei'li:tiz?m]）and power politics（强权）. Wall Street became the symbol of a country and economic system.

7 百度后记

街道狭窄而短，从百老汇到东河仅有7个街段。1792年荷兰殖民者为抵御英军侵犯而建筑一堵土墙，从东河一直筑到哈德逊河，后沿墙形成了一条街，因而得名Wall Street。后拆除了围墙，但“华尔街”的名字却保留了下来。然而，它却以“美国的金融中心”闻名于世。美国摩根财阀、洛克菲勒石油大王和杜邦财团等开设的银行、保险、航运、铁路等公司的经理处集中在这里。著名的纽约证券交易所也在这里。

Narrow and short streets from Broadway to the East River just seven block. 1792 Dutch colonists against the British invasion to building a wall walls have been built from the East River to the Hudson River, along the wall after the formation of a street, hence the name Wall Street. After the removal of the wall, but "Wall Street" whose name is retained. However, it has to "America's financial center" is famous for. Morgan zaibatsu, the Rockefeller Foundation and other oil barons and DuPont to open the banking, insurance, shipping, railway manager of the company with a central here. The famous New York Stock Exchange is here.

现在，三位一体教堂的正前方是纽约证券交易所(NYSE)，背后是美国证券交易所(AMEX)，左右两侧都是高耸的写字楼，只有周围的一小块地方还保存着17世纪的花园和墓地。从教堂门前穿越百老汇，就算正式进入了华尔街──这条街又短又窄，街口设下了重重路障，街心正在进行翻修，到处都是坑坑洼洼的积水。几个荷枪实弹的警察如临大敌地站在纽约证券交易所门前，他们的头顶是一幅巨大的美国国旗。除此之外，这条街上的人似乎都是游客，从他们的着装和神态就看的出来。路边的橱窗并没有写着高盛、摩根士丹利或美林等如雷贯耳的名字，反而贴着咖啡馆和健身俱乐部的广告。除了德意志银行，我在这里没有发现任何一家投资银行的名字，更不用说共同基金或对冲基金了。

Now, in front of Trinity Church in New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), behind the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), the right and left are the high-rise office buildings, only a small area around the 17th century is also preserved in the garden and cemetery. Across Broadway from the church door, even if the formal entry into the Wall Street ──The street was short and narrow blocks set up numerous roadblocks, middle of the street being renovated, full of potholes of water. Several heavily armed police stood guard in front of the New York Stock Exchange, their head is a huge American flag. In addition, this street seem to have been tourists, from their dress and demeanor on the look out. The window does not read street Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley or Merrill Lynch and other Ruleiguaner name, but close to the coffee shop and fitness club ads. In addition to Deutsche Bank, I did not find any here, an investment bank's name, let alone mutual fund or hedge fund.

荷兰统治时，在这里筑过一道防卫墙。英国人赶走荷兰人后，拆墙建街，因而得名。这里是美国大垄断组织和金融机构的所在地，一般常把华尔街作为垄断资本的代名词。垄断资本从这里支配着美国的政治、经济。华尔街成了美国垄断资本，金融和投资高度集中的象征。

Dutch rule, the building was constructed over a defensive wall. After the British forced the Dutch, tearing down walls built Street, hence the name. This is the major U.S. monopolies and financial institutions where the general often to Wall Street as synonymous with monopoly capital. Monopoly capital dominated the United States from where the political, economic. Wall Street became a U.S. monopoly capital, finance and investment symbol of high concentration.

总而言之，现在的华尔街只是一个旅游胜地，经常有成群结队的外国人带着敬畏的表情到此一游，希望看看“全世界的金融中心”是什么样子；然而他们看到的只是一个荒废的商业区，几栋陈旧的摩天大楼，以及许多露天茶座或咖啡馆。纽约证券交易所现在已经不允许游客进入了，所以华尔街的旅游价值也残存无几了。

All in all, Wall Street is now just a tourist destination, often in groups of foreigners with a visit to this expression of awe, hope to see "the world's financial center," What is it like; but they see only a deserted business district, a few old buildings of skyscrapers, and many open-air cafe or coffee shop. New York Stock Exchange now does not allow visitors to enter, so Wall Street had little residual value of tourism.

早在二十年前，许多金融机构就已经离开地理意义上的华尔街，搬迁到交通方便、视野开阔的曼哈顿中城区

去了。华尔街附近挤满了古旧建筑和历史文化街区，道路也像蜘蛛网一样难以辨认，实在不太符合金融机构扩张业务的需求。“911”事件更是从根本上改变了华尔街周围的格局，有些机构干脆离开了纽约这座危险的城市，搬到了清静安全的新泽西。现在，除了纽约联邦储备银行之外，没有任何一家银行或基金把总部设在华尔街。在著名的“华尔街巨人”中，只有高盛和美林还坚守在离华尔街不远的地方，其他巨人都已经搬迁到洛克菲勒中心、时代广场或大中央火车站周围的繁华商业区；即使是高盛和美林，也已经在曼哈顿中城区购置了新的豪华办公室，不久就要彻底离开旧“华尔街”了。

As early as 20 years ago, many financial institutions have left the geographical sense, Wall Street, moved to convenient, broad vision of Manhattan in the city went. Wall Street near the old building full of history and culture district, roads are the same as the spider web is difficult to identify, it is not consistent with the needs of financial institutions to expand their business. "911" incident is a fundamental change in the pattern around Wall Street, some agencies simply leave this dangerous city in New York and moved to the quiet security of New Jersey. Now, in addition to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, there is no any bank or fund the headquarters on Wall Street. In the famous "Wall Street giant", only Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch also stick in a place not far from Wall Street and other giants have been moved to Rockefeller Center, Times Square or Grand Central Station around the downtown business district; even if Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch , also has purchased a new midtown Manhattan luxury offices, will soon be completely left the old "Wall Street" was.

在洛克菲勒中心的办公室里，人们阅读的仍然是“华尔街日报”；在国会听证会上，美联储主席仍然关心着“华尔街的态度”；在大洋的另一侧，企业家们的最高梦想仍然是“在华尔街融资”。无论地理位置相隔多远，人们在精神上仍然属于同一条街道──在这条街道上，所罗门兄弟曾经提着篮子向证券经纪人推销债券，摩根曾经召开拯救美国金融危机的秘密会议，年轻的文伯格曾经战战兢兢地敲响高盛公司的大门（日后他成为高盛历史上的传奇总裁），米尔肯曾经向整个世界散发他的垃圾债券；在这些神话人物死去几十年之后，他们的灵魂仍然君临纽约上空，附身在任何一个年轻的银行家、分析师、交易员、经纪人或基金经理的身上，随时制造出最新的金融神话。这就是华尔街。

Office in Rockefeller Center, people are still reading "The Wall Street Journal"; at a Congressional hearing, Federal Reserve Chairman is still concerned about the "Wall Street's attitude"; in the ocean on the other side, entrepreneurs have the highest dream is still " Wall Street financing. " No matter how far apart geographically, there in spirit still belong to the same street ──in this street, Salomon Brothers was the basket to the securities brokers to sell bonds, Morgan had held a secret meeting to save the U.S. financial crisis, the young Rivenburg was trembling, Goldman Sachs struck the door (after he became president of Goldman Sachs, the legendary history), Milken has been distributed to the entire world his junk bonds; in these mythological figures who died several years later, their souls are still Dragon over New York, possessed in any of a young banker, analysts, traders, brokers or fund managers who, at any time to produce the latest financial myths. This is Wall Street.