外研社八年级英语(下册)辅导资料Module

Lingling: Hi Sally! Come in and sit down. Sorry it’s a bit untidy. I’ll tidy up the table and chairs. Sally: Hey! Look at all those fans! They’re beautiful! You’ve got a wonderful collection.

Lingling: Yes, I’ve got fifty or sixty fans. Do you collect anything?

Sally: Yes, I have a collection of dolls. And my brother collects stamps.

Daming: And I collect tickets – you know, bus tickets and train tickets!

Sally: Do you really? But my real hobby is music. I play the violin and I listen to music all the time. Lingling: What made you so interested in music?

Sally: My father is a musician. I often listened to him play the violin. And he gave me my first violin eight years ago.

Lingling: And now music has brought you to China. When will you play next time?

Sally: At the end of this term. There’s a concert at Radio Beijing.

Daming: So can you relax now?

Sally: Well, no. I’m going to school with you!

Lingling: Great!

Sally: But not next Friday…

Daming: What’s happening on Friday?

Sally: I’m going to Radio Beijing. I’m giving an interview on Starsearch!

Daming: I’ve listened to that programme! People sing songs or play music, and the listeners choose the best singer or musician.

Lingling:Wow! You’re going to be really famous!

1. a bit：相当于a little，两者在修饰动词、形容词、比较级时可互换。

Will you please turn down the radio ________.

She is ________ afraid of his father.

The patient feels ________ better today.

★二者区别：a little可以直接修饰不可数名词；a bit修饰不可数名词时要跟介词of。James has _____ _____ money. = James has _____ _____ _____ money.

2. (be) interested in：意为“对…感兴趣”，用来修饰人。

The little boy ____ ________ ____ reading when he was five.

翻译句子：他对在花园里种植蔬菜感兴趣。

He ____ ________ ____ ________ ________ in his garden.

3. make sb. +adj. / make sb. +n.【make+宾语+宾语补足语】

What makes you so happy? We made him our monitor.

make sb. do sth.【make+宾语+宾补（不带to的动词不定式）】

The teacher _____ _____ _____ our homework yesterday.

4. listen to sb. do sth. / see sb. do sth. / hear sb. do sth.

宾语补足语为不带to的动词不定式，强调动作的全过程

．．．。

I _____ _____ _____ _____ the song. 我听他唱了那首歌。

listen to sb. doing sth. / see sb. doing sth. / hear sb. doing sth.

宾语补足语为现在分词，强调动作正在进行

．．．．。

I _____ _____ _____ in the next room. 我听见她正在隔壁房间里哭。

5. at the end of：在…结束时，在…的尽头

翻译句子：在会议结束时，我们达成了协议。

_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____, we reached an agreement.

那个收藏家住在这条街的尽头。

The ________ lives _____ _____ _____ _____ the street.

先把英语的时态分为三类，过去、现在和将来时，每一类再分为三种，一般、进行和完成。以下十个句子均为课文对话中的句子，请分析它们的时态。

I’ll tidy up the table and chairs. __________

They’re beautiful! __________

You’ve got a wonderful collection. __________

Do you collect anything? __________

And my brother collects stamps. __________

I often listened to him play the violin. __________

And now music has brought you to China. __________

I’m giving an interview on Starsearch! __________

I’ve listened to that programme! __________

You’re going to be really famous! __________

●时态结构（需要掌握的8种，不要求一次掌握）

一般现在时：动词的一般时态，注意第三人称单数

．．．．．．时动词的变化；

He usually _____ (play) basketball on weekends.

现在进行时：be (am, is, are)+v.ing，表示当前正在进行

．．．．的动作；

Look! The children _____ ________ (play) football on the playground.

现在完成时：have/has+过去分词，表示当前已完成

．．．的动作或事情（肯定句）或从过

去某个时间到当前未曾做过

．．．．的动作，通常与just、already、yet、since等一起用。

I _____ already _____ (finish) my homework.

_____ you _____ (see) the movie yet?

一般过去时：动词的过去式，表示发生在过去的动作或事情；

My friend ________ (buy) a new bicycle last week.

过去进行时：be (was, were)+v.ing，表示过去某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，通常与when、while等引导的时间状语从句一起用；

I _____ ________ (read) a book when my mother entered my room.

Bryant _____ ________ (play) basketball while James was listening to music.

过去完成时：had+过去分词，表示在过去某个时间点已完成的动作或事情，通常用

来表示发生在过去的两个事件哪一个发生在前

．．．．；

After he _____ ________ (finish) his homework, he went home.

一般将来时：shall/will+动词原形，表示将来发生的动作或事情；

I _____ _____ (go) to the movies tomorrow evening.

将来进行时：will be v.ing，所表达的含义基本等同于一般将来时。

The train _____ _____ ________ (arrive) in ten minutes.

英语中的六种基本句型结构：主系表结构、主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主谓+双宾语结构、主谓+宾语补足语结构、There be句型。

●主系表结构：主语+连系动词+表语

主语：动作的执行者。

连系动词包括：be动词、表示感官的动词（如：feel、look、seem、smell、taste 等）、表示状态变化的词（如get、grow等）、表示状态维持不变的词（如：keep等）。

主系表结构的句子通常用来表示“是什么

．．．”（后跟形容词）。

．．．”（后跟名词）或“怎么样

They are beautiful.

My father is a musician.

He looks unhappy.

The cake smells good.

The weather is getting warm.

You will keep healthy.

注意：含有连系动词的句子不一定是主系表结构的句子，如：

He is reading.【主谓结构】

●主谓结构：主语+谓语动词

用于此句型结构的动词

．．（不及物动词）不需要加宾语就能表达出完整的意思。

He is smoking.

The teacher left at half past four.【时间状语】

The children are playing under the tree.【地点状语】

●主谓宾结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语

宾语：动作的承受者。

用于此句型结构的动词

．．（及物动词）必须加宾语才能表达出完整的意思。

My brother likes English very much.【程度状语】

He is playing the violin.

I bought a new hat yesterday.

The boy has finished his homework.

●主谓+双宾语结构：主语+谓语动词+间接

．．宾语（物）

．．宾语（人）+直接

He gave me some money. = He gave some money to me.

My friend lent me a book. = My friend lent a book to me.

My mother made me a cake. = My mother made a cake for me.

I’ve ordered you some soup. = I’ve ordered some soup for you.

当表示把某物转移到某人那里时，用介词to，此时间接宾语（人）参与物品的传递；当表示为了某人做某事时，用介词for，此时间接宾语（人）不必在现场。

●主谓+宾语补足语结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语补足语

该句型中，宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。

（一）后面一般跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词或动词短语：ask，get，order，tell，want，allow，would like等；

The teacher asked the students to finish their homework in time.

He doesn’t allow his son to touch the computer.

（二）后面一般跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词或动词短语：see，watch，look at，notice，let，have，make，hear，listen to等。

We often hear her sing in her room.

I noticed him wear a blue coat.

●There be句型：There be +主语（某人或某物）+状语（某时或某地）

There is a football and two basketballs under the table.【就近原则】

There were some children in the classroom yesterday morning.

请说出下列句子分别属于哪种句型结构：(方法：找动词，找宾语)

There are many interesting things to do in life. __________

John gave a very old book to his father. __________

In the evening he reads. __________

John enjoys making things. __________

Last year, he made his brother a bicycle. __________

John’s mother doesn’t like his hobby. __________

She grows vegetables. __________

Her hobbies can help her save money. __________

A s p e c i a l h o b b y

Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables in their gardens, and looking after animals. Some hobbies are relaxing and others are creative. Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills.

David Smith is a student, and his hobby is writing. During the summer of 2000, he spent four weeks on a summer camp. As well as the usual activities, such as sailing, climbing and mountain biking, there was a writing workshop with a professional writer. “She asked us to imagine that we were in a story. Then we wrote about our experiences at the camp.”

In senior high school David wrote a story about teenage life, and it came out as a book in 2003. Many teenagers love his book, and as a result, David has become a successful young writer. David has been very lucky because his hobby has brought him enjoyment and success, but he is also interested in many other things. “I like playing volleyball, too.” says David. “I spend some of my free time playing volleyball for my school team. Maybe I’ll write more books in the future, but I’m not sure.

It’s sometimes difficult to remember that we shouldn’t spend all our time on our favourite hobby. There are many other interesting things to do in life, and we should try to do something new or different.

1. such as：例如，诸如【用来列举同类人或物中的数个

．．例子】

for example：例如【只举同类人或物中的一个为例】

I have many hobbies, _____ _____ painting, singing and playing basketball.

Many great people, _____ _____, Lincoln, have risen from poverty.

2. look after：照顾，照看【=take care of】

I have to stay at home and _____ _____ my pet.

Could you please _____ _____ _____ my son for a while.

3. the summer of 2000：2000年的夏天【特指的某年夏天前用定冠词the】

in summer：在夏天

4. sb. spend(s) some time on sth. 某人在某（事）物上花费多少时间

sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事【不能用to do】

其他表示“花时间”的句型：

It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人做某事花费了多少时间

Sth. takes sb. some time 某（事）物用了某人多少时间

Most students _____ much time _____ ________ English.

It _____ her half an hour _____ _____ the plane model.

The journey _____ me two weeks last year.

5. as well as：除…之外，还有…【侧重点在其前面的部分】

She is beautiful as well as intelligent.【重点突出她的聪明】

她不但聪明，而且漂亮。（不可翻译为：她不但漂亮，而且聪明。）

翻译句子：他不但种菜，也种花。

He grows ________ as well as ________.

as well：也，相当于too[【一般用于句尾】

Mr. Wang can speak English, and he can speak French _____ _____.

6. It is difficult to……是困难的。

类似的，It is (very) important to do sth. 做某事是（很）重要的【^O^】

A n i n t e r e s t i n h i s t o r y

A popular hobby in England and some other countries is to live in the way that people lived long ago. Group of people find out about the past. They dress in the clothes people wore in the past and then, at the weekend, they live in the way that people did in the past. They not only enjoy the weekend, but also learn a lot about life in the past.

1. to live in the way：动词不定式作表语【主系表结构】

My job is to look after the patient.

The boy’s goal is _____ _____ good marks in the final examination.

2. the way that people lived long ago：定语从句

the clothes people wore；the way that people did

3. not only…but also：不但…而且…【连接两个相同的句子成分或两个并列的分句】not only…but also… = not only… but…as well

Tom can _____ _____ sing _____ _____ dancing.

They _____ _____ enjoy the weekend, _____ _____ learn a lot about life in the past.

I _____ _____ spoke English very carefully, _____ very clearly _____ _____.

先行词who，whom，which，that引导的定语从句。

定语从句指用一个从句修饰其前面的名词，译为“…的那个人（或物）”，如：

the young man who is listening to music 正在听音乐的那个年轻人

the girl whom I called yesterday 昨天我给她打电话的那个女孩

the piano which was damaged 被毁坏的那架钢琴

the pen that my friend bought yesterday 昨天我朋友买的那支钢笔

The boy who knocked at the door was a beggar.【划线部分为从句，修饰the boy】将who The boy knocked at the door.【完整句子】The old man whom I helped yesterday is reading a book.

I helped the old man yesterday.【whom作宾语，需调整顺序】

★将两个句子合为一句：首先找出两句的共同部分A，然后选择一句作主句，另一句作从句；观察A在从句中的成分（作主语还是宾语），确定先行词；在主句中A的后面写上先行词，然后将从句除A之外的部分添在先行词的后面。

例：The boy is watching TV.（主）The teacher punished the boy.（从，作宾语）The boy whom the teacher punished is watching TV.

如果把第一句作从句：The teacher punished the boy who is watching TV.