《堕落-威敏斯特小要理问答》
《堕落——威敏斯特小要理问答》
THE FALL – The Westminster Shorter Catechism
第15问。始祖犯了什么罪﹐就从被造的地位堕落了呢﹖
答。始祖因吃了禁果﹐就从被造的地位堕落了。
Q.15. What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?
The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit.
创3 ﹕6-8
第16问。亚当初次犯罪﹐世人都和他一同堕落吗﹖
答。神和亚当立的约﹐不是单为他自己﹐也是为他的后裔﹐所以凡从亚当按常例而生的人﹐都在亚当初次的过犯中和他一同犯了罪﹐一同堕落了。
Q.16. Did all mankind fall in Adam’s first transgression?
The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity, all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression.
创1 ﹕28
罗5 ﹕18
第17问。始祖堕落将世人陷在什么情况中﹖
答。始祖堕落将世人陷在罪恶和悲惨的境况中。
Q.17. Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?
The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.
罗5 ﹕12
第18问。世人陷在罪恶境况中﹐那个罪恶在于什么﹖
答。世人陷在罪恶境况中﹐那个罪恶在于﹕一。亚当初犯的罪孽﹐二。原来义性的丧失﹐三。全性的腐败﹐就是通常所说的原罪﹐四。各人从原罪所发生的本罪。
Q.18. Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?
The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.
罗5 ﹕19
罗3 ﹕10
弗2 ﹕1
诗51 ﹕5
太15 ﹕19-20
第19问。世人在堕落境况中的悲惨是什么﹖
答。全人类由于堕落丧失与神的交往﹐反落在神忿怒和咒诅之下﹐因此应受今生一切的愁苦和死亡﹐以及地狱永久的痛苦。
Q.19. What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?
A. All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever.
创3 ﹕8
弗2 ﹕3
加3 ﹕10
罗6 ﹕23
太25 ﹕41
罗马书5﹕12-21
一人﹐一次犯罪 (背叛)
-> 人人都犯了罪 (在亚当里﹐亚当代表众人犯了罪﹐因此众人都犯了罪)
-> 罪临到世人
-> 众人成为罪人
->神的审判﹐定罪
->死临到众人﹐众人死了
-> 死作王
LESSON 10. GOD’S SOVEREIGN GRACE:
REDEMPTION BY THE FATHER, SON, AND SPIRIT
神主权的恩典﹕圣父﹐圣子﹐圣灵的救赎工作
三位一体的教义的两个角度﹕Two aspects of the doctrine of Trinity:
(一) 本体论的三位一体 Ontological trinity
(二) 救赎计划中三位一体所扮演的角色 Economic Trinity
The Father: plans Eph. 1:3-6 “the covenant of redemption”
圣父﹕计划﹕“救赎之约”弗 1:3-6
The Son: obeys, “volunteers,” accomplishes Eph. 1:7-12 “the covenant of grace”
The Son: humbles himself Phil. 2:5-11
圣子﹕顺服﹐“自愿” ﹐成就救赎﹕
“恩典之约”弗 1:7-12
圣子﹕谦卑自己腓2﹕5-11 The Spirit: applies the benefits of the salvation
Accomplished by the Son Eph. 1:13-14
圣灵﹕施行圣子所成就的救恩弗 1:13-14
神的恩典﹐是宇宙掌主权的王的恩典。
God’s grace is the grace of a sovereign (the King and Lord of the universe).神﹐掌宇宙主权的神﹐是恩典之神。
God, the sovereign King and Lord of the universe, is a gracious King. THE FIVE POINTS OF CALVINISM
加尔文主义五要点
背景﹕
(一) 加尔文并没有过份强调预定的教义。
(二) 加尔文 (死于1564) 在日内瓦的继承人﹐比萨 (Beza) ﹐以预定 (预旨) 作神学的基本架构。
(三) 荷兰的阿米念 (Jacobus Arminius) ﹐一位改革宗的牧师﹐和他的跟随者﹐认为这些教义有修改的必要。他们向荷兰政府提出抗议 (remonstrances) 。荷兰召开
会议﹐在多得 (Synod of Dort) 。多得会议定阿米念派的五条抗议为异端﹔因此后来教会把多得会议的五项决定称为加尔文主义的五要点 (注意﹕当时是1610年
代﹐加尔文早已去世) 。
T – U – L – I – P
(1) Total depravity: in all his body/soul: mind, heart, will
人完全的堕落﹕人的身体灵魂都堕落了﹔包括理性﹐感情﹐意志
(2) Uncon ditional election: not because God forsaw faith, but because of God’s own pleasure and will
神无条件的拣选﹕神的拣选﹐不是因为神预先看见人的信心﹐而是因为神自己的美意和旨意
(3) Limited atonement: Christ not only made salvation possible by his death; Christ actually saved those who are saved, by his death
基督特定 (有限) 的救赎﹕耶稣基督的死﹐不只是让人有得救的可能﹐而是真正
拯救了那些得救的人
(4) Irresistible grace: The Holy Spirit calls (I Cor. 1:9) and regenerates sinners (John 3:3-8, Titus 3:4-7) , so that they are actually (effectively) called to faith and repentance
圣灵不可抗拒的恩典﹕圣灵呼召人 (林前1 ﹕ 9)﹐使人重生 (约3 ﹕ 3-8 ﹐多3 ﹕4-7)﹐因此人的确的被召 (重生) ﹐人的确的被召来相信基督﹐来悔改
(5) Perseverance of the saints: Those whom God elected and saved and called, God justified and glorified (Rom. 8:28-30)
神永远的坚忍﹐保守圣徒﹕神所拣选﹐神所买赎﹐神所呼召的﹐神称他们为义﹐神使他们得荣耀 (罗8 ﹕28-30)
Explanations and Application 解释与应用﹕
Free offer of the gospel: in evangelism we make a good-faith offer to man: return to God. 传福音时﹐神的恩典是真实的提供给人﹐邀请人回到神的面前。
Man’s nature is not changed; man is man.
神没有改变人性﹐人还是人﹔但重生使﹐人的理性﹐感情和意志都被改造了。
But in regeneration, mind, heart and will are all transformed.
反对这五点的基督徒﹐必须面对一个问题﹕你是否不承认人是完全堕落了﹖
认识改革宗神学核心的恩典教义﹐懂得如何应用这些教义是很重要的。
周功和在<<加尔文主义五要点>>的序建议我们这样应用“神的主权” 的教义﹕
明白神的主权可以激发我们赞美。…
有胆量。既然上帝有他的选民﹐所以我们有胆量为主作见证﹐相信历史是操纵在上帝赐手里﹔…
有温柔。我想我最怕遇见到任因知道这五要点儿骄傲。…
有安全感。…
追求合一。…
加尔文主义五要点高举神的主权﹐帮助我们在传福音的内容上更加的准确。…
( “周功和序” ﹐D.N. Steele and C.C. Thomas, <<加尔文主义五要点>>﹐
赵中辉译﹐台北﹕基督教改革宗翻译社﹐第二版﹕1999﹐无页号。原著﹕David N. Steele and Curtis C. Thomas, The Five Points of Calvinism: Defined, Defended, Documented, Phillipsburg, New Jersey: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1963.)
<<小要理问答>> The Shorter Catechism
第20问。神任凭世人在罪恶和愁苦中沉沦吗﹖
答﹕神既从无始的已往凭着自己的美意﹐拣选了许多人得永远的生命﹐就为他们设下恩典之约﹐要借着一位救主﹐救他们脱离罪恶和愁苦﹐而进入拯救的地位。
Q.20. Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?
A. God having, out of his mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer.
弗1 ﹕4
罗3 ﹕21-22
加3 ﹕21-22
LESSON 11. THE DOCTRINE OF CHRIST:
THE PERSON AND WORK OF CHRIST
基督论﹕基督的位格和工作
Two Natures of Christ 基督 - 一个位格﹐神人两性
The Son is God in eternity; the Son of the Father 圣子在永恒里是神﹐是圣父之子The Son took on human nature Divine nature + human nature
圣子穿上了人性神性 + 人性
Jesus Christ is 100% God, 100% man 耶稣基督是 100%神﹐100%人
As 100% God, 100% man, he: 身为100%神﹐100%人﹐耶稣基督﹕
Was born, 出生﹐
lived, 在地上活了一生﹐
died, 死了﹐
rose from the dead, 从死里复活了﹐
ascended into heaven, 升到天上﹐
will return 必将再来。
As God, Jesus did (could) not sin 耶稣基督是神﹐祂没有 (不可能) 犯罪。
As man, Jesus was truly tempted 耶稣基督是人﹐祂真正受试探。
Heresies: 一些异端﹕
Jesus is man, not God (liberalism) 耶稣基督是人﹐不是神 (新派﹐自由神学)
Jesus is God, not man (docetism) 耶稣基督是神﹐不是人 (幻影说)
Jesus is some being lower than God (Gnosticism) 耶稣比神低一点 (诺斯底派)
The Work of Christ 基督的工作– He accomplished salvation 基督成就了救赎﹕Negative obedience 消极方面的顺服
Positive obedience 积极方面的顺服
Three offices 基督的三个职分﹕
Prophet 先知
Priest 祭司
King 君王
Propitiation: Christ solved God’s problem 挽回祭﹕解决圣洁神的难题 (罗3 ﹕24-26) Atonement: Christ solved man’s problem 赎罪祭﹕解决罪人的难题
Propitiation. Christ turns aside the wrath of the Father. So that the Father now looks upon the sinner with favor and grace. Romans 3:24. Many Bible translators do not like to talk about God’s wrath.
Expiation / atonement. Christ solves man’s sin problem. (Propitiation: Christ solves God’s problem of wrath. It is a stronger word.)
Two states 基督的两个状况﹕
Humiliation 基督的降卑
Exaltation基督的升高
基督的三重职份–
<<威敏斯特小要理问答>>
THE THREEFOLD OFFICE OF CHRIST:
Westminster Shorter Catechism
第23问。基督作我们救主所执行的职分是什么﹖
答。基督作我们的救主﹐在降卑与升高低境况中执行先知﹐祭司﹐君王的职分。
Q. 23. What offices doth Christ execute as our Redeemer?
A. Christ, as our Redeemer, executeth the offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in his estate of humiliation and exaltation.
徒3 ﹕22
来5 ﹕6
诗2 ﹕6
第24问。基督怎样执行先知的职分﹖
答﹕基督执行先知的职分﹐在于用祂的道和圣灵﹐将神的旨意指示我们﹐为要我们得救。
Q. 24. How doth Christ execute the office of a prophet?
A. Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in revealing to us, by his Word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation.
约20 ﹕31
约14 ﹕26
约10 ﹕18
第25问。基督怎样执行祭司的职分﹖
答﹕基督执行祭司的职分﹐在于将祂自己一次献为祭﹐以满足人对神的公义所有的亏欠﹐而使我们与神和好﹐并且时常为我们祷告。
Q. 25. How doth Christ execute the office of a priest?
A. Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering up of himself a
sacrifice to satisfy divine justice, and reconcile us to God, and in making continual
intercession for us.
来9 ﹕28
来2 ﹕17
来7 ﹕25
第26问。基督怎样执行君王的职分﹖
答。基督执行君王的职分﹐在于克服我们﹐使我们归向祂﹔又管理保护我们﹐并且抑制或征服祂的和我们的仇敌。
Q. 26. How doth Christ execute the office of a king?
A. Christ executeth the office of a king, in subduing us to himself, in ruling and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.
诗110 ﹕3
赛30 ﹕22
林前15 ﹕25
天国的已临和未临
The Already and the Not Yet:
The Kingdom is Already Here,
The Kingdom is Not Yet Here
旧约新约﹕基督第一次降世基督的再来
末世﹕天国已临 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 末世﹕天国将临
(因为王已来临) (子将国交给父)
< - - - - - - - - - 新约圣经的教导 - - - - - - - - - - - - - >
^
|
|
|
|
今世- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 末世|
旧约圣徒的视野新约信徒的视野﹕盼望﹐苦难LESSON 12. THE WORK OF THE HOLY SPIRIT IN REDEMPTION
圣灵在救赎计划的工作﹕施行救赎
圣灵是位格 - 不是液体﹐不是气体。圣灵是神﹗
The Holy Spirit is a person – not a liquid, not a gas. He is God!
圣灵在一个罪人被救赎的工作
THE WORK OF THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THE REDEMPTION OF A SINNER
Union with Christ 使我们与基督联合
(to die with Christ, to be buried with Christ, to rise with Christ)
(与基督同死﹐同埋葬﹐同复活)
Calling 呼召
Regeneration重生
(conviction) (使人扎心知罪)
Justification 称义
Adoption 立嗣 (成为神的儿女)
Sanctification 成圣
Perseverance 圣徒的坚忍
Glorification 得荣耀
这些都是圣灵的工作。All of this is the work of the Holy Spirit.
圣灵怎样使我与基督联合? How does the Holy Spirit unite me to Christ?
呼召。Calling. I Cor. 1:9, Romans 8:29. The Holy Spirit brings the gospel TO me. God calls me. And the result: I am called. The Holy Spirit takes hold of me.
重生。Regeneration. Born again is NOT my faith in Christ. John 3:3, 5, 8. Ezekiel 36: 25, 2, 27. Titus 3:4-7. The Holy Spirit comes INTO my heart, and gives me a NEW heart. Ezekiel 36:
(a) 神除去石心。God takes away the heart of stone (disobedient).
(b) 神把肉心放在人里。God replaces it with a heart of flesh (obedient).
(c) 圣灵入住新心里。The Spirit of God now lives in the new heart of flesh.
John 3:
(a) 洁净。Born of water. Cleansing.
(b) 圣灵赐新的人性。Born of the Holy Spirit (gives me a new nature).
Titus 3:4-7:
(a) 洁净。Cleansing.
(b) 灵。The Spirit.
Regeneration is the INNER, TOTAL, RADICAL TRANSFORMATION by the Holy Spirit, so that result: I am a new person (II Corinthians 5:17). Totally, really new. Regeneration is a mystery, it is a fact, it can often be a process.
(圣灵所重生的人能﹕) 归正 /回转 =信心 +悔改。
(Regeneration results in, causes): Conversion = Faith and repentance.
信心 Faith =
(a) 认知。Notitia: knowledge of the Gospel, I am aware of the Gospel;
(b) 同意/认同。Assensus: agreement, I am convinced, I am convicted;
(c) 委身/献身/决志。Fiducia: commitment, turning over my life to Christ, trust in his blood only, depend on his blood only, rest in him only, embrace/receive him only as my Savior. Surrender.
悔改 Repentance:
(a) 承认。I confess my sin(s);
(b) 懮伤。I grieve over my sin, I hate my sin, I am ashamed of my sin(s);
(c) 回转。I turn to the cross, I run to the cross.
Ask for forgiveness, 求赦免﹐
Believe Christ’s forgiveness, 相信神的赦免﹐
Receive Christ’s forgiveness by faith. 接受神的赦免。
(Practical implication for pastors: Plead with sinners to turn and live. Ezekiel 18:30-32. “Turn! Why die? I am not pleased when you die. Turn! Live!”)
称义。Justification: It is a legal (forensic) act.
God pronounces: I am not guilty. Romans 3:26. God is just and the justifier.
God is justifier: that is grace.
But God is just: why?
(a) Jesus paid the full price.
(b) The Holy Spirit gave me new birth.
(c) God re-constituted me righteous.
(d) Now God pronounces me righteous.
(e) God imputes to me Christ’s righteousness. Paul and James do not contradict.
立嗣 (成为神的儿女)。Adoption: God receives us as his sons (children).
成圣。Sanctification:
The Holy Spirit enables me to say No to sin, and to say Yes to God.
The 3 differences about a Christian:
(a) a Christian is honest about sin;
(b) a Christian knows what to do about sin – turn to the cross; and
(c) A Christian makes progress out of sin.
圣徒的坚忍。Perseverance: The Holy Spirit keeps everyone in Christ, in Christ forever. Rom. 8:29, 30; John 10:28, 29.
得荣耀。Glorification: When I die, I go to where Jesus is. In heaven, I will have a new body, there will be a new heaven, and a new earth.
有效的恩召 (包括重生) – <<小要理问答>>
EFFECTUAL CALLING (and Regeneration) –
The Westminster Shorter Catechism
第29问。我们怎能领受基督所赢得的赎罪之恩﹖
答﹕我们领受基督所赢得的赎罪之恩﹐是靠着圣灵﹐使这恩在我们心里发生效力。
Q.29. How are we made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ?
We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us by his Holy Spirit.
约3 ﹕5
多3 ﹕5-6
约1 ﹕12
第30问。圣灵怎样使基督赎罪之恩在我们心里发生效力﹖
答﹕圣灵使基督赎罪之恩在我们心里发生效力﹐乃是借着祂的感动﹐使我们有信心﹐又借着祂有效的恩召﹐使我们和基督有连属。
Q.30. How doth the Spirit apply to us the redemption purchased by Christ?
The Spirit applieth to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in
us, and thereby uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling.
弗2 ﹕8
弗3 ﹕17
林前1 ﹕9
第31问。有效的恩召是什么﹖
答﹕有效的恩召是神所成的工作﹐用以使我们觉悟自己的罪恶和苦难﹐又光照我们的心﹐使我们认识基督﹐并更新我们的心志﹐于是说服我们﹐叫我们能接纳在福音中所白白传授给我们的耶稣基督。
Q.31. What is effectual calling?
Effectual calling is the work of God’s Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin a nd misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel. 提后1 ﹕9
徒2 ﹕37
徒26 ﹕18
结36 ﹕26
约6 ﹕44-45
<<威敏斯特信仰告>> 第十章论有效的恩召
一。凡神所预定得生命的人﹐而且只有这些人﹐祂喜欢在指定与悦纳的时候
﹐本着祂的道与灵﹐有效地召他们出离本性之罪与死敌状态﹐而到耶稣基督的恩典与拯救中。在属灵与得救的事上光照他们的心﹐更新他们的意志。用祂的大能是他们决定向善﹐因他们的决志是被主的恩造成的。
All those – and only those – whom God has predestined to life, he is pleased to call effectually in his appointed and accepted time, by his Word and Spirit. He calls them from the state of sin and death – in which they are by nature – to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ. In this calling, God enlightens their minds spiritually and savingly, so that they understand the things of God. He takes away their hearts of stone and gives them hearts of flesh, renews their wills, and by his almighty power turns them to what is good and effectually draws them to Jesus Christ. Yet he does this in such a way that they come most freely, being made willing by his grace.
徒13 ﹕48 ﹔罗8 ﹕28 ﹐30 ﹔11 ﹕7 ﹔弗1 ﹕5 ﹐11 ﹐12 ﹔提后1 ﹕9-10。
帖后2 ﹕13-14 ﹔各1 ﹕18 ﹔林后3 ﹕3 ﹐6 ﹔林前2 ﹕12。
提后1 ﹕9-10 ﹔彼前2 ﹕9 ﹔罗8 ﹕2 ﹔弗2 ﹕1-10。
徒26 ﹕18 ﹔林前2 ﹔10 ﹐12 ﹔弗1 ﹕17-18 ﹔林后4 ﹕6。
结36 ﹕26。
结11 ﹕19 ﹔申30 ﹕6 ﹔结36 ﹕27 ﹔约3 ﹕5 ﹔多3 ﹕5 ﹔彼前1 ﹕23。
约6 ﹕44-45 ﹔徒16 ﹕14。
诗110 ﹕3 ﹔约6 ﹕37 ﹔太11 ﹕28 ﹔启22 ﹔17 ﹔罗6 ﹕16-18 ﹔弗2 ﹕8 ﹔腓1 ﹕
29。
二。此有效的恩召是唯独出于神白白与特别的恩典﹐丝毫不是由于在人里面
预见什么。因人在这恩召上全属被动﹐及至被圣灵感化和更新﹐他才能回应此恩召﹐并接纳在此恩召中所提供和传达的恩惠。…
This effectual call is from God’s free and special grace alone, and not from anything at all that God foresees in man, who is entirely passive in it, until – being made alive and renewed by the Holy Spirit – he is enabled to answer the call and embrace the grace offered and conveyed in it. …
提后1 ﹕9 ﹔弗2 ﹕8-9 ﹔罗9 ﹕11。
林前2 ﹕14 ﹔罗8 ﹕7-9 ﹔多3 ﹕4-5。
约6 ﹕37 ﹔结36 ﹕27 ﹔约壹5 ﹕1 ﹔参﹕约壹3 ﹕9。
(<威敏斯特信仰告白>﹐10﹕1﹐2﹔<<历代教会信条精选>>﹐页 93。)
得赎的中心思想 (主题)﹕与基督联合 (Union)﹐相交 (Communion)
THE HEART OF SALVATION:
UNION AND COMMUNION WITH CHRIST – AN OVERVIEW
UNION WITH CHRIST COMMUNION WITH CHRIST
We are in Christ Partaking (participating, enjoying) the virtues
We die with Christ of Christ’s mediation
We rise with Christ
COMMUNION IN GRACE
Spiritual union Justification
Mystical union Adoption
Real union Sanctification
Inseparable
COMMUNION IN GLORY
In this life:
The firstfruits/earnest (pledge) of glory to come:
A sense of God’s love, peace of conscience,
joy in the Holy Spirit, hope of glory
Immediately after death:
Soul made perfect in holiness, received into heaven, behold face of God in light and glory,
waiting for the full redemption of body,
body continues united to Christ,
and rests in grave till at the last day
At the last day:
Resurrection, judgment, eternal life
Union and Communion (Communion in Grace, Communion in Glory) -
The Westminster Larger Catechism
与基督联合 (Union) ﹐相交 (Communion):
<<威敏斯特大要理问答>> (初译)
第66问。蒙拣选这与基督联合 (union) 是指什么﹖
答。蒙拣选者与基督联合完全是神恩典的工作。虽然这是属灵的奥秘﹐却是真实的﹐不可分开的。与基督联合就如头与身体﹐丈夫与妻子不能分开一样。这是因着有效的恩召所成就的。
Q.66. What is that union which the elect have with Christ?
A. The union which the elect have with Christ is the work of God’s grace, whereby they are spiritually and mystically, yet really and inseparably, joined to Christ as their head and husband; which is done in their effectual calling.
弗1 ﹕10 ﹐22 ﹐23 ﹔约10 ﹕16 ﹔约11 ﹕52。
第69问。无形教会的成员与基督的恩典相交 (communion) 是指什么﹖
答﹕无形教会的成员与基督的恩典相交 (communion) ﹐是因他们在基督为中保的功效上有分﹐而能称义﹐成为神的儿女﹐成圣﹔还有其它的福泽﹐在今生彰显他们与基督的联合 (union)。
Q.69. What is the communion in grace which the members of the invisible church have with Christ?
A. The communion in grace which the members of the invisible church have with Christ, is their partaking of the virtue of his mediation, in their justification, adoption, sanctification, and: Whatever else, in this life, manifests their union with him.
罗8 ﹕30。
弗1 ﹕5。
林前1 ﹕30。
第82问。无形教会的成员在荣耀里与基督相交是指什么﹖
答﹕无形教会的成员在荣耀里与基督相交﹐乃在今生﹐死后﹐和最后在复活与审判之日的得以完全。
Q.82. What is the communion in glory which the members of the invisible church have with Christ?
A. The communion in glory which the members of the invisible church have with Christ, is in this life, immediately after death, and at last perfected at the resurrection and day of judgment.
林后3 ﹕18。
路23 ﹕43。
帖前4 ﹕17。
第83问。无形教会的成员在今生与基督在荣耀里的相交﹐是指什么﹖
答﹕无形教会的成员在今生与基督在荣耀里相交﹐因为基督荣耀的初熟果子在今生传给他们。基督是他们的头﹐他们是基督的肢体﹐因此他们既在基督里﹐就在基督充份所拥有的荣耀上有分。神更赐给他们确据﹐他们得以享受神的爱﹐良心的平安﹐圣灵里的喜乐﹐和荣耀的盼望。相反的﹐作恶的人在今生感受神的忿怒﹐良心控告的可怕﹐和期待审判的恐惧﹔这些是他们死后将要忍受的痛苦的开始。
Q.83. What is the communion in glory with Christ which the members of the invisible church enjoy in this life?
A. The members of the invisible church have communicated to them in this life the firstfruits of glory with Christ, as they are members of him their head, and so in him are interested in that glory which he is fully possessed of; and, as an earnest thereof, enjoy the sense of God’s love, peace of conscience, joy in the Holy Ghost, and hope of glory; as,
on the contrary, sense of God’s revenging wrath, horror of conscience, and a fearful expectation of judgment, are to the wicked the beginning of their torments which they shall endure after death.
弗2 ﹕5 ﹐6。
罗5 ﹕5 ﹔林后1 ﹕22。
罗5 ﹕1 ﹐2 ﹔罗14 ﹕17。
创4 ﹕13 ﹔太27 ﹕4 ﹔来10 ﹕27 ﹔罗2 ﹕9 ﹔可9 ﹕44。
第86问。无形教会的成员死后立刻在荣耀里与基督相交﹐是指什么﹖
答﹕无形教会的成员死的时候在荣耀里享受与基督的相交﹐乃是他们的灵魂在那一刻得以完全成圣﹐他们被接入至高天之处﹐在那里他们在荣耀与光中得见神的面﹐等候他们的身体完全得赎﹐这身体即在死亡中仍与基督联合﹐在坟墓里安睡﹐直到末日身体再与灵魂联结。相反的﹐恶人的灵魂于死后被扔在地狱里﹐在那里受痛苦和黑暗﹐他们他们的身体在坟墓里作(监)犯﹐直到复活审判的那日。
Q.86. What is the communion in glory with Christ, which the members of the invisible church enjoy immediately after death?
A. The communion in glory with Christ, which members of the invisible church enjoy immediately after death, is, in that their souls are then made perfect in holiness, and received into the highest heavens, where they behold the face of God in light and glory, waiting for the full redemption of their bodies, which even in death continue united to Christ, and rest in their graves as in their beds, till at the last day they be again united to their souls. Whereas the souls of the wicked are at their death cast into hell, where they remain in torments and utter darkness, and their bodies kept in their graves, as in their prisons, till the resurrection and judgment of the great day.
来12 ﹕23。
林后5 ﹕1 ﹐6 ﹐8 ﹔腓1 ﹕23 ﹔参照﹕徒3 ﹕21 ﹐弗4 ﹕10。
约壹3 ﹕2 ﹔林前13 ﹕12。
罗8 ﹕23 ﹔诗16 ﹕9。
帖前4 ﹕14。
赛57 ﹕2。
伯19 ﹕26 ﹐27。
路16 ﹕23 ﹐24 ﹔徒1 ﹕25 ﹔犹6 ﹐7。
<<圣经>>的救赎词汇﹕商业﹐法律﹐军事
THE LANGUAGE OF SALVATION:
COMMERCIAL, LEGAL, MILITARY TERMS
<<小要理问答>> The Westminster Shorter Catechism
第33问。称义是什么﹖
答﹕称义是神白白恩典的作为﹐神藉此白白赦免我们一切的罪恶﹐悦纳我们在祂面前为义人﹐这原因是祂将基督的义算为我们的﹐而我们只凭信心接纳了。
Q.33. What is justification?
A. Justification is an act of God’s free grace, wherein he pardoneth all our sins, and accepteth us as righteous in His sight, only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone.
弗1 ﹕7
林后5 ﹕21
罗5 ﹕19
加2 ﹕16
第34问。儿子的名分是什么﹖
答﹕儿子的名分是神白白恩典的作为﹐神藉此就将我们收纳在祂众子的数内﹐又使我们享有神众子一切利益的特权。
Q.34. What is adoption?
A. Adoption is an act of God’s free grace, whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges, of the sons of God.
约壹3 ﹕1
约1 ﹕12
注﹕现今神学家 (包括福音派) 对这些法律﹐商业用语的厌弃。
LESSON 13. COVENANT THEOLOGY: GOD’S PLAN OF REVELATION
圣约神学﹕神启示的计划
The Covenant 神的约 (Exodus 19:5-6)
Grace 恩典
Promise (covenant) 应许 (约)
People of the covenant 约民 (与神立约的选民)
God’s lordship: 神的主权﹕
Control 控制– Authority 权威– Presence 同在
救赎之约﹕圣父﹐圣子在永恒里立的约 Covenant of redemption (我认为称这为约﹐不一定有直接的圣经根据﹐是推理)
恩典之约﹕圣父与圣子和所有在圣子里的人﹐在历史中启示﹐成就
Covenant of Grace 恩典之约
OLD TESTAMENT 旧约NEW TESTAMENT 新约
______________________________________________________________________ Salvation is by grace Salvation is by grace
人得救是本乎恩人得救是本乎恩
God takes the initiative God takes the initiative
神主动神主动
God makes the covenant God makes the covenant
神与人立约神与人立约
“I will be your God, “Repent, and believe the gospel;
you will be my people” the kingdom is at hand”
“我作你们的神﹐你们作我的子民”“悔改﹐信福音﹔天国已近了”
God is king The Lord is King (Lord)
神是王主作王
Salvation through faith Salvation through faith
+ repentance (sacrifices) + repentance
+ obedience (law) + obedience (good works)
人得救﹐是借着信人得救﹐是借着信
+悔改 (献祭) +悔改
+顺服 (律法) +顺服 (好行为)
Object of faith: Jesus Christ Object of faith: Jesus Christ
信心的对象﹕耶稣基督信心的对象﹕耶稣基督
Faith is a free gift, no merit Faith is a free gift, no merit
信心是白白赐的恩典﹐人没有功劳信心是白白赐的恩典﹐人没有功劳
The blood of the cross The blood of the cross
Saves sinners saves sinners
十字架的宝血拯救罪人十字架的宝血拯救罪人
Effect first comes to sinner(s) Effect comes to sinner(s) in time
十字架的功效预先临到罪人十字架的功劳﹐在神订的时候临到罪人THE PLAN OF GOD’S REVELATION 神的启示计划
Key figure: Jesus Christ Key figure: Jesus Christ
中心人物﹕耶稣基督中心人物﹕耶稣基督
Exposition before the incarnation Exposition after the incarnation
道成肉身之前﹕预表基督道成肉身之后﹕解释基督
Word + works of God Word + Works of God
神的话﹐神的作为神的话/道﹐神的作为
特殊启示 = 圣经的内容 = 律法与福音 = 福音 = 恩典之约
在基督里 = 在恩典之约里
旧约时期的约 = 恩典之约 (堕落之后)
新约时期的约 = 恩典之约
基督是约的中保 - 加 3﹕20﹐参上下文
在历史中神立了两个约﹕
人类堕落之前﹕行为之约 Covenant of works
人类堕落之后﹕恩之约 Covenant of grace
行为之约﹕神给人类一个考验
慕理﹕神在亚当时期对待人类的安排 Adamic administration John Murray, The Covenant of Grace (Presbyterian and Reformed
booklet).
律法与福音﹕旧约与新约
LAW AND GOSPEL,
OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT
<<威敏斯特信仰告白>> 第七章论神与人所立的约
一。神与受造者之间的距离是如此遥远﹐甚至虽有理性的人都当顺服神为其创造者﹐然而若非借着在神那方面的自动谦就﹐他们绝不能从神有所获得﹐作为他们的祝福与赏赐﹐神愿意用立约的方法来表明祂这种俯就。
The distance between God and the creature is so great that, even though rational creatures are responsible to obey him as their Creaqtor, yet they could never experience any enjoyment of him as their blessing and reward except by way of some voluntary condescension on his part, whichi he ahs been pleased to express by way of covenant.
赛40 ﹕13-17 ﹔伯9 ﹕32-33 ﹔诗113 ﹕5-6 ﹔伯22 ﹕2-3 ﹔35 ﹕7-8 ﹔路17 ﹕10 ﹔徒17 ﹕24-25。
二。神与人所立的初约乃是行为 (工作)之约﹐以完全的和个人的顺服为条件﹐神
在此约中将生命应许给亚当﹔并在他里面应许给他的后裔。
The first covenant made with man was a covenant of works in which life was promised to Adam and, in him, to his posterity, upon condition nof perfect and personal obedience.
创2 ﹕16-17 ﹔何6 ﹕7 ﹔加3 ﹕12。
创3 ﹕22 ﹔罗10 ﹕5 ﹔5 ﹕12-14 ﹔参﹕罗5 ﹕15-20。
创2 ﹕17 ﹔加3 ﹕10.
三。人既因堕落使自己不可能藉此约得生命﹐主就愿意立第二约﹐普通称为恩典之约。祂凭此约将生命与救恩藉耶稣基督白白赐给罪人﹐要他们信耶稣基督而得救﹔并应许将圣灵赐给一切预定得生命的人﹐使他们愿意并能相信。
Since man, by his fall, made himself incapable of life by that covenant, the Lord was then pleased to make a second covenant, commonly called the covenant of grace. In it God freely offers life and salvation by Jesus Christ to sinners, requiring of them faith in him, that they may be saved, and promising to give his Holy Spirit to all those who are ordained to eternal life, to make them willing and able to believe.
加3 ﹕21 ﹔罗3 ﹕20-21 ﹔8 ﹕3 ﹔创3 ﹕15 ﹔参﹕赛42 ﹕6。
约3 ﹕16 ﹔罗10 ﹕6 ﹐9 ﹔启22 ﹕17。
徒13 ﹕48 ﹔结36 ﹕26-27 ﹔约6 ﹕37 ﹐44-45 ﹔林前12 ﹕3。
四。此恩典之约在圣经中往往以遗命的名称说明﹐乃指立遗命者耶稣基督之死﹐并指出由遗命所留下的永远产业及其所属的一切事。
This covenant of grace is sometimes presented in the Scriptures by the name of a will or testament, with reference to the death of Jesus Christ (the testator) and to the everlasting inheritance – with all that belongs to it – bequeathed in it.
来9 ﹕15-17。
五。此约在律法时代与福音时代的实施各有不同。在律法时恩约之实施乃藉应许﹐预言﹐献祭﹐割礼﹐逾越节的羔羊﹐以及传给犹太人的其它预表和礼仪﹐都是预指那要来的基督﹐而且这些在当时是够用而有效的﹔借着圣灵的活动﹐来教诲并建立选民对所应许的弥赛亚有信心﹐借着祂才能得着完全的赦罪﹐与永远的救恩。
此约称为旧约。
In the time of the law, this covenant was administerd differently than in the time of the gospel. Undedr the law, it was administered by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the Passover lamb, and other types and ordinances given to the Jewish people, all of which foreshadowed Christ to come. These were, for that time, sufficient and efficacious, through the work of the Holy Spirit, to instruct and build up the elect in their faith in the promised Messiah, by whom they received complete forgiveness of sins and eternal salvation. This covenant administration is called the old testament.
林后3 ﹕6-9。
来8-10章﹔罗4 ﹕11 ﹔西2 ﹕11-12 ﹔林前5 ﹔7。
林前10 ﹕1-4 ﹔来11 ﹕13 ﹔约8 ﹕56。
加3 ﹕7-9 ﹐14 ﹔诗32 ﹕1 ﹐2 ﹐5。
六。在福音时代﹐当实体基督彰显的时候﹐实施此约的条例乃是圣道的传扬﹐洗礼和主餐之圣礼的执行﹔这些条例为数虽少﹐而且在实施上更为单纯﹐有少有外表的光荣﹐然而在这些条例中队万国﹐连犹太人带外邦人﹐更充分地明了证据与属灵的效力。此约称为新约。所以是有两个在本质上不同的恩典之约﹐乃是在不同的时代只是一个而又相同的约。
Under the gospel, Christ (the reality) having been revealed, the ordinances by which this covenant is dispensed are the preaching of the Word and the administration of the sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s supper. Al though these are fewer in number and are administered with more simplicity and less outward glory, yet in them the covenant is set forth in greater fllness, clarity, and spiritual efficacy to all nations, both Jews and