猜测词义技巧练习
猜测词义技巧练习
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重难点讲解
猜测词义的能力不光在考试时很重要，就连我们平时阅读英语文章时也很用得着哦。就象我们在看中文的文章时，并不是一碰到生词就去查字典，而是根据语境去猜测生词的。我们读英语文章时，也应养成这样的习惯和能力。
技巧训练：要想提高猜测词义的能力，我们可从以下七个方法下意识地进行阅读。
1. 根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部
分，猜测生词的含义。例如：
（1）A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.
（2）A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
你能猜出斜体部分单词的意思吗？mosquito是“蚊子”，carpenter是“木匠”。怎么样？不难吧？
有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如：
His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 不难猜出，zoologist就是“动物学家”的意思。
当看到文中的破折号“—”时，我们也应该留点神，因为它也可引出起解释说明作用
的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。如：
Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers—those who can understand as well as speak many languages.
这里，Polyglot指的是“懂而且会说多种语言的人”。你猜出来了吗？
2. 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义
在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。如：（1）Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, hi s neck still remains grubby.
grubby是什么意思呢？和clean相对，便是“肮脏的”了。
（2）John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things ; his wife, however, is very thrifty. 和wastes
a lot of money相对比，thrifty就是“节俭的”意思。
3. 通过因果关系猜测词义
because , since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连结表示结果的并列句的
连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有
生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义。例如：
（1）She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
根据后边的原因，我们就可推测出trim就是“修剪”的意思。right ? Ok, it’s your turn.看看你能否正确猜出下句中斜体词的意思。
（2）The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
根据that引导的结果状语从句，可以猜出，turbid的意思是“浑浊的”。你猜对了吗？
4. 根据生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。
下面文字中斜体单词的词义你能猜出来吗？
（1）Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
（2）Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.
句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither表示“枯萎”。
5. 根据同等关系猜测词义
同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于
同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。
例如：（1）At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.
（2）Are people born intelligent or stupid? 你能根据同等关系猜出斜体词的意思吗？
从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy，可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。从选择连词or“还是”以及与intelligent处于同等位置的stupid“愚蠢的”可以猜测intelligent是“聪明的”意思。
6. 根据列举的事例猜测词义
如：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
从后面列举的例子可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。
7. 根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词
词义。如：
The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable.
根据构词法和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘
的”意思。
【典型例题】猜测词义技巧练习：根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义。
1. John drives too fast , and he often drives in the middle of the street. He doesn’t watch what
the other cars are doing. He is a reckless driver.
A. very careful
B. very careless
C. very harmful
D. very harmless
2. When Glen finished college，he couldn’t find a job. Then his luck ch anged. A big
engineering company hired him.
A. give him a job
B. paid him
C. told him to stop working
D. told him about his future
3. A computer is a complex machine. It is not simple.
A. simple
B. complicated
C. beautiful
D. expensive
4. Children like to play with water . After it rains , they will walk in every puddle they can find.
A. rainfall
B. water sitting in the street
C. snow
D. a small river
5. Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good health. The child develops red
spots , and feels hot and uncomfortable . A healthy child gets well quickly.
A. a kind of animal
B. a kind of food
C. a kind of childhood disease
D. a lack of pure water
6. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife , and their baby . Pierre’s family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years . Their ancestors came from France.
A. family members from a long time ago.
B. grandparents and their grandchildren.
C. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents.
D. family members all living at the same time
7. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of wood．They sell their
carvings to stores and museums．
A. draw
B. beat
C. heat
D. cut
8. When an army officer gives a command, his men and women must fo1low it.
A. comma
B. order
C. question
D. present
9. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly.
A. children
B. ancestors
C. generations
D. mates
10. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Green’s desk.
A. piece
B. balance
C. mixture
D. pile
11. I cannot afford a new car. I have to buy a used one.
A. have enough money to buy something
B. search for
C. gather the necessary information
D. use one in an emergency
12. The speed limit is 60 kilometers per hour on this street.
A. fast
B. slow
C. an
D. even though
13. Before you buy something，check the quality first. For example, if it is cheap, it might not be good.
A. how good it is
B. what the color is
C. what the size is
D. how big it is
14. Please give me your recipe for this cake , so I can make it too.
A. a dish
B. directions for cooking
C. a meal
D. directions to your house
15. Water, oil and coffee are examples of a liquid.
A. something you can drink
B. something you can burn
C. something you can pour
D. something from plants
16. The weather in Xiamen is hot and humid. A desert is dry.
A. wet
B. dry
C. cold
D. windy
17. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor.
A. walk on two feet
B. fly
C. sit in a chair
D. move on the hands and knees
18. Coffee originally came from Ethiopia. Now many tropical countries grow it.
A. now
B. in the future
C. in the beginning
D. at present
19. The scalp covers the head. Hair grows out of it.
A. a kind of hat
B. the color of hair
C. a cloth over the head
D. the skin on the head
20. It is a mystery why some people can learn language very easily and others have great difficulty.
A. something easy to understand
B. something no one understands
C. something beautiful
D. something terrible
21. Danish and Norwegian are similar languages. If you speak one, you can understand the
other. A. difficult B. almost the same C. easy D. very different
22. This is a glass of pure milk. There is nothing but milk in the glass.
A. cold
B. warm
C. white
D. 100%
23. Mr. Brown is an amateur photographer. He is an engineer. But in his free time he likes to
take pictures. A. as a hobby B. for money C. as a job D. as work
24. This small Christmas tree is made of plastic. It is not a real tree. It is artificial.
A. beautiful
B. not natural
C. for a special holiday
D. in an art museum
25. Ronald Amundsen was a great explorer. He was the first person to reach the South Pole.
A. a person who works in international business and travels a lot
B. a place that is difficult to find
C. something that an airplane carries
D. a person who looks for new places and information about them
26. Some people like to keep a journal. They write in it every day. They write about what they
did , what happened , and what they thought.
A. a magazine about scientific research
B. a textbook
C. a sports magazine
D. a notebook about their daily activities
27. Farmers raise cattle for beef and milk.
A. pigs
B. horses
C. sheep
D. cows
28. The doctor gave me some medicine. It will cure my sickness.
A. make worse
B. make sick
C. make better
D. make lighter
29. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly.
A. a kind of fish
B. a kind of cat
C. a kind of rock
D. a kind of bird
30. When the hurricane hit the coast, it blew down buildings and trees.
A. the dry season
B. a huge truck
C. high water
D. a powerful windstorm
【模拟试题】（一）
A well-known old man was being interviewed（采访）and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his ninety—ninth birthday.
“That’s right.”said the old man. “Ninety—nine years old, and I haven’t an enemy in the world. They’re all dead.”
“Well, sir,”said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.”
The old man loo ked at the young man closely, and said, “I can’t see why you shouldn’t. You look fit and healthy to me!”
1. The old man said he had not an enemy in the world, which shows that he was a very .
A. friendly man he never made any enemies
B. healthy man he lived longer than all his enemies
C. lucky man his enemies had all died
D. terrible man he had got rid of all his enemies
2. When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing the old man again the following year, .
A. he was trying to make the old man happy
B. he wished he himself would live another year
C. he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundred
D. he did not believe he would interview the old man again
3. When the old man said “I can’t see why you shouldn’t ”, what he meant was:
A. “You must try to live another year to interview me again next year.”
B. “Of course, you can see me again since you’re so fit and healthy.”
C. “If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again.”
D. “Unless you live another year, you wouldn’t be able to interview me again.”
4. What kind of man would you say the old man was?
A. He was silly.
B. He was unpleasant.
C. He was very proud and sure of his health.
D. He was very impolite to young people.
（二）
Joe and Helen Mills had two small children. One was six and the other four. They always resisted going to bed, and Helen was always complaining（抱怨）about this and asking Joe for help. But as he did not come home until after they had gone, to bed during the week, he was unable to help except at weekends.
Joe considered himself a good singer, but really his voice was not at all musical. However, he decided that, if he sang to the children when they went to bed, it would help them to relax, and they would soon go to sleep.
He did this every Saturday and Sunday night until he heard his small son whispered to his younger sister, “If you pretend that you’re asleep, he stops.”
1. The children always resisted going to bed, which .
A. made Helen suffer a lot
B. satisfied their mother
C. Helen was not satisfied with
D. gave Helen much trouble
2. The husband couldn’t help the wife to look after the children.
A. because he returned from work too late
B. since his voice sounded like a singer’s
C. except on Saturday and Sunday
D. for he did not come home until after the children had gone to bed weekends
3. Joe worked .
A. all the week including Saturday and Sunday
B. during the week including the weekends
C. every day but Saturday and Sunday
D. every week except on Sunday
4. Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the above story?
A. Joe’s song did help the children to relax.
B. With Joe’s help, the children went to sleep.
C. The wife must be thankful to her husband for the great help.
D. The children were so tired of their father’s voice that they pretended to be asleep.
5. This joke tells about .
A. Joe and Helen
B. Helen’s trouble
C. Joe’s foolery
D. the bright idea of the two small children
阅读理解之猜测词义
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
(完整版)词义猜测题
阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见设题方式：： 1. The word "…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________ 2. The word "…” is most likely to mea n _________ . 3. What do you thi nk the expressi on "…” sta nds for? 4. The un derl ined word "…” means. _____ ..... 解题方法 1. Definition 定义法 2. Con trast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Con text上下文 8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识 1. Defin iti on 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。______ a. It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.（） b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（） 2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比______ 的词有but、while、however、otherwise 等。 a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（） b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（） 4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing. b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （） 5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instanee, for example, such as 等。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（） 6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可 以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非） non-（不，非）-able （能…的）-less （不，无）-wards （向） Can you guess the right meanin gs? superma n microwave nonn atural mispr onounce homeless non smoker rebuild eastwards Eg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（
词义猜测题的解题技巧
龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/1117166407.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧 作者：杨富章 来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。 词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。 常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进 一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
中考英语词语释义题解题技巧
中考英语词语释义题解题技巧 重点、难点、考点 一、重点是： (1)常见的构词法 1)合成词：合成词是由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新的词。如：blackboard(黑板)，newspaper(报纸)，afternoon(下 午) ,pencil-box(铅笔盒)。 2)派生词：派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成的词，词根是派生词的基础，同一词根加不同的派生词缀可以表示不同的意义，还可以表示不同的词的词性。 动词变名词：＋后缀er drive(驾驶)——driver(驾驶员) teach(教)—— teacher(教师) read(阅读)—— reader(读者) ＋后缀or invent(发明)——inventor(发明家) visit(访问)—— visitor(访问者) ＋后缀tion invent(发明)——
invention(发明) operate(手术)——operation(手术) 名词变形容词：＋后缀y wind(风)——windy(刮风的) sun(太阳)——sunny(晴朗的) ＋后缀ful help(帮助)—— helpful(有帮助的) care(小心)—— careful(小心的) ＋后缀ly friend(朋友)——friendly(友好的) 形容词变名词：+后缀ness good(好的)——goodness(善良，美德) kind(和善的)——kindness(和善) 形容词变副词：＋后缀ly bad(坏的)——badly(糟糕地) quick(快的)——quickly(迅速地) 改变词义：＋前缀un happy(高兴的)——unhappy(不高兴的) usual(平常的)——
阅读理解专题③——猜测词义(教师版)
（教师版） 一、目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。 二、知识梳理 （一）猜测词义常用的十种方法 在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。 例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义 当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义 表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。 例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义 表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。 例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。
词义猜测题解题技巧
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
初中英语词语运用解题技巧及练习.
词语运用 一、考点解读 词语运用题主要考查学生在特定语境中对词汇、表达法的灵活运用能力。试题的主要考查点是名词、数词、形容词、副词、动词及常用动词短语。 1、名词：名词单复数、名词所有格以及星期、月份等特殊名词的拼写； 2、形容词和副词：形容词与副词的选用及形式转化，形容词与副词的比较级等级； 3、数词：序数词变为基数词的规律； 4、动词：动词的过去式、过去分词、现在分词以及动词不定时、动词短语的拼写及用法。 二、解题方法及技巧 （一）阅读全句，理解句意 正确理解全句有助于准确判断所填的单词，若只看所填词的提示而忽略整个句意，往往填不上或填错单词 e.g. We can’t breathe f air because of polluted environment. （二）认真分析所填词的词性 做题时结合语境、语法要求去判断所填词的正确词性 e.g.1.This morning I was two minutes late for train,but (luck),I didn’t miss it as the train was late,too. 2.What a (sun) day! Let’s go hiking. 3.She was one of the greatest Chinese (write) of the 20th century. 各种词性之间的相互转换表 （1）v.+er/or n.（人）：teach visit work (2)adj.+ly adv. : careful luck quick
(3)n.+ly adj. :friend month (4)adj. n. ：important different healthy dead (5)v.+tion n. : invent pollute (6)v.+ment n. : develop move (7)adj.+ness n. : happy ill sad (8)-less后缀，un-前缀都表示否定含义 careless ——（反） helpless——（反） useless ——（反） unhappy——（反） unusual——（反） （三）要判断所填词的正确词性 （1）名词要注意复数和所有格 （2）形容词、副词要注意比较级和最高级的变化 （3）动词及词组要注意各种时态、语态及非谓语动词等各种形式 （4）数词注意分数和序数词的变化 e.g.1. In China, students have two (term) every year. 2. After exercising for a few months, she is a little (thin) than before. 3. Mr.Green lives on the (twelve) floor of the building. 4. When I (arrive), it was early in the morning and it was raining. （四）注意固定搭配 e.g. I am (interest) in reading books. 词语运用解题口诀： 空前空后要注意，名词单复要牢记，还有’s不能弃； 动词注意要变形；形、副注意用三级； 要填数词请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”； 填入代词需谨慎，五格变化要谨记； 介词、连词最省力，看见照抄就可以。
阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导
二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导 命题方式的特点 词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。 考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种： (1)在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。 (2)专业化程度较高的词。 (3)生僻词。 (4)常用代词。 命题方式的考法 1.猜测单词或短语意义------巧用线索猜词义。 （1）“定义同位”猜词义，主要包括定义释词和同位/举例 （2）“逻辑关系”猜词义 （3）根据构词法猜词义 2.考查代词的指代意义---------“就近原则”猜词义 3.句意猜测类-------“意义吻合”定句意 常见设问形式 (1)The underlined phrase “___” in the second paragraph could be replaced by ______. (2)The underlined word “________” in the first par agraph probably means________. (3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph? (4)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “________”？ (5)What does the underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (6)What do you think the expression “________” stands for? (7)Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word “______” in Paragraph 3? (8)According to the passage, the underlined word “________” is known as ________. 选项特点 (1)正确选项的特点 ①相应词语的同义词语。 ②对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。 (2)干扰项的特点 ①对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
阅读理解---词义猜测 (公开课)
阅读理解―词义猜测题 Step 1: Warming-up---guess the meanings of the underlined words. 1. The company?s profits are decreasing year by year due to mismanagement. 2. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. 3. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 4. It will be very hard but also very brittle —that is, it will break easily. Step2: 词义猜测题基本方法：___________; __________ ●构词法 1. Valentine?s Day is a time of happiness for lovers. Boys like to give girls flowers as presents. That day, he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hands. 2. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. 构词法通常考虑_________和_____________ ●语境法常利用以下技巧 利用同义（向）关系：and，also，or（或者）… 3. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. ?Which of the following words can replace “detrimental”? ____ A. helpful B. useful C. harmful D. meaningful 4. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits die hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. ?What does the underlined phrase “die hard” probably mean? ____
阅读理解猜测词义练习案
高考阅读理解之： 猜测词义练习案 Excise1 1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 3.They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 4. We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week. 5. Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? 6.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 7.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 8. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. Excise2 A Plagiarism is one of the most serious problems in schools and colleges. It has occurred as lon g as there have been teachers and students, but the recent growth of the Intenet has made it much worse. Recent studies show 30% of all students may be plagiarizing on every written homework th ey’ve done. What is plagiarism? It is using others' ideas and words without clearly mentioning wh ere the information is from. Q: The word "plagiarism" means ________. A. cheating in the exams B. putting others' words in quotations C. rewriting others' articles D. stealing others' ideas or words B Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Wa rm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underg round burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blo oded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body tem- perature rises, these r eptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weake r, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again. Getting enough wate r to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Q: The underlined word "burrows" in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______ A. holes B. caves C. rooms D. openings C Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that it was a whale s hark and therefore not under State protection. Q: The underlined word "confirmed "probably means ________. A. said B. believed C. thought D. made sure