英国文学选读课后答案

The Tiger P50

1.Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Ti ger can

illuminate each other?

The Tyger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet ’s exploration, understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the author implies that the Tiger is created by God as well as the Lamb. S o either the Tiger or the Lamb is essential to God. I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. Although the Lamb can represent the kind “innocent society”, it will be lack of enough motivation to make progress. While the Tiger will caus e social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can make people release their creativity. So the poet believes that the Tiger is the symbol of strength and courage. And he also praises its passion, desire and all the lofty beauty.

2.What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? What idea does the poet want to express?

The symbol of the Tyger is one of the two central mysteries of the poem (the other being the Tyger ’s creator). It is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tyger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime (the big, mysterious, powerful and sometimes scary. Read more on this in the "Themes and Quotes" section), or vision itself. Really, the list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tyger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation: the animal is terrifying in its beauty, strength, complexity and vitality. The poem is divided into six parts. In the first part, the author imagined that he met a terrible tiger on a dark night and was frightened by its awful eyesight. There are creations and creators. How great the creator is that he could create such an awful creation like tiger! In the second part, the author continues to ask, where comes the eyesight like fire, sea or sky? The following two parts, the author describes the creator as a smith. He creates the tiger. What behind the questions is the frightening and respect of the author to the creator. In the fif th part, the author changes his tone and asks when the stars throw down their spears, why they are not happy? The last part is as same as the first part, the creator is too mysterious to understand. The tiger shows its outstanding energy. It’s the vitality which the author thinks highly of. The key sentence of the poem is "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18 ’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn ’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings.

Ode to the West Wind P83西风颂

第一节

哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫，

有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，

呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到

黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，

直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，

唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中）将色和香充满了山峰和平原。

不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行；破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！

第二节

没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱，流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯

脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落

在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面，有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁，

从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳

欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜

将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶，里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结；

那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！

第三节

是你，你将蓝色的地中海唤醒，而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天，

被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦，就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边，

它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁在水天辉映的波影里抖颤，

而且都生满青苔、开满花朵，那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你

让一条路，大西洋的汹涌的浪波把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底

那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力；

听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青：一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！

第四节

哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起，假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾，

是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息，假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如

你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！假如我能像在少年时，凌风而舞

便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空（因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄，

似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。

哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！

这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命原是和你一样：骄傲、轻捷而不驯。

第五节

把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林：尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！

你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意：

虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，但愿你给予我狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！

请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落，让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命！

哦，请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌，就把我的话语，像是灰烬和火星

从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散！让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇

把昏睡的大地唤醒吧！西风啊，如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

Shelly 雪莱Ode To The West Wind

Shelley was an idealist and most of his nature poems are about the need for revolution and a desire to break the status quo. Ode to the West Wind is no different. Here Shelley sees the west wind as a symbol of revolution, of a new world order that would replace the old one. He identifies with the wind in that he

knows that just as the west wind spells the arrival of the new year, similarly his poetic ideas will usher in a new world order and change the present world for the better. The poem has a note of despair when he says:

'I fall upon the thorns of life, I bleed'but soon enough he gains his composure and towards the end he's filled with hope and optimism which is expressed beautifully in the last two lines:'When winter comes, can spring be far behind?'

Ode to the West Wind Theme of Man and the Natural World

In "Ode to the West Wind," Nature is grander and more powerful than man can hope to be. The natural world is especially powerful because it contains elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind, which can travel invisibly across the globe, affecting every cloud, leaf, and wave as they go. Man may be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him.

1. In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver?

West wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation. It is a destroyer of the old, decaying and valueless things (such as dead leaves), blowing over the land, drives away the dead leaves. Shelly shows the irony of the wind that acts in a contradictory manner.(use and Describe the words that show the potential strength and use effective language)It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere, it spreads the seeds and they lie two inches beneath the ground and eventually sprout into seedlings.

2. What is the relation between the West Wind and the poet?

In "Ode to the West Wind," Nature is grander and more powerful than man can hope to be. The natural world is especially powerful because it contains elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind, which can travel invisibly across the globe, affecting every cloud, leaf, and wave as they go. Man may be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him. The speaker of the poem appeals to the West Wind to infuse （灌输，影响）him with a new spirit and a new power to spread his ideas.

3. As “the trumpet of prophecy”, what does the west wind predict in physical reality? How do you understand it symbolically?

As the speaker of "Ode to the West Wind" feels himself waning and decaying, he begs the wind to use him as an instrument, inhabit him, distribute his ideas, or prophesy through his mouth. He hopes to transform himself by uniting his own spirit with the larger "Spirit" of the West Wind and of Nature itself.

The speaker wishes that the wind could affect him the way it does leaves and clouds and waves. Because it can’t, he asks the wind to play him like an instrument, bringing out his sadness in its own musical lament. Maybe the wind can even help him to send his ideas al l over the world; even if they’re not powerful in their own right, his ideas might inspire others. The sad music that the wind will play on him will become a prophecy. The West Wind of autumn brings on a cold, barren period of winter, but isn’t winter alwa ys followed by a spring? John Keats: Ode on a Grecian Urn p85希腊古瓮颂

你，嫁给静寂的，童贞的新娘，你，被静默和悠远收养的孩子，

林野的史家，擅长在画上宣扬艳压诗篇的，繁花一般的传奇：

身上环绕的，绿叶缘饰的传说讲述神还是凡人，或兼有两者？

在腾佩，或怀抱溪谷的阿卡迪？什么人或神？少女竟如此难惹？

多疯的追求？怎样挣扎的逃脱？什么笛子手鼓？多野性的狂喜？

清歌闻之甚美，然而未听见的更妙；婉转的笛子，请你吹吧

不是为感官的双耳，你要变得更奇妙，为精神吹出无声的歌：

碧树下的美少年，你不会离开你的歌，绿荫也不会抛开树木

莽撞的恋人，你永世都吻不上，虽然万分接近——但不要悲哀，

她与衰老无缘，虽无艳福可享，你却永坠爱河，如她芳华常驻！

啊，喜悦层生的枝条！你不会飘落绿叶，也不会向春天挥别；

而你，欢快的乐手，永不疲惫永远在吹奏，永远新鲜的仙乐

更多欢畅的爱！更多幸福的爱！总是暖意融融，只等欢乐纵情

永远都在搏动，永远青春四射；所有呼吸的人欲，都远远抛开

离开悲痛莫名的，厌烦的心灵，高烧不退的额头，焦渴的唇舌。

是一群什么人，赶来参加祭献？对着天空鸣叫的，那头小母牛，

丝滑的腰身上，围着缤纷花环噢，神秘的祭司，你把它牵走

要去哪座绿色祭坛？什么小镇在河畔还是海滨，还是在山间

傍着幽静的山寨，为这乡俗里敬神的早晨，腾出所有的人民？

你的街道永远沉默，无人重返就没人讲述，你为何如此孤寂。

噢，雅典的形体！情态的美妙！大理石的繁带，密布男女身上

还有佳木的枝叶，踏过的野草你，沉默的塑形，像永恒一样

引我们超越思想：凉的田园诗！年华逝去，将催老我们这一辈，

你在别样的悲伤中，不曾代谢一个人类的朋友，对我们感喟

“美是真，真也是美” 这就是你知道，和你需要知道的一切。

Matthew Arnold: Dover beach p120多佛海滩马修·阿诺德

今夜海面平静。潮水涨满，明月高悬海峡之上；对面法国海岸灯光明灭；英格兰绝壁耸立；远处的宁静海湾，闪烁、无边。快来窗边，夜晚空气如蜜甜！唯一的是，从那长长的海浪线，从那大海和月光漂洗的土地交会之地，听啊！你听得见那嘎吱嘎吱的呐喊那是海浪带着卵石退去，又抛起，再次回来时，将其送上高地，一来，一去，周而复始，有张有驰，不慌不急，带来了忧愁的永恒调子。远古的索福克勒斯曾在爱琴海将它听见，带给他脑子的是人类不幸之污浊的落落起起；我们在这声音里也找到一个思想，当在这遥远的北海岸边将它听见。信仰之海也曾一度涨满，围绕地球的海岸如同一卷明丽的腰带伸展。但如今我只能听见它忧郁、绵长、退却的呐喊，在后撤，和着夜风的呼吸，撤下这个世界硕大阴沉的边缘和赤裸的碎石滩。啊，爱人，让我们彼此忠诚坚贞！因为这个世界，它像梦幻之地在我们面前摊开，如此多样，如此美丽，如此崭新，其实没有欢乐，没有爱情，也没有光明

Novels:

Araby P177

2. Chief qualities of the boy’s character?

The boy is a natural character with which to begin a book because he possesses so many qualities attractive to readers. First, he is sensitive —sensitive enough to experience a wide range of feelings in spite of his tender age, including apparently contradictory combinations like fear and longing (at the end of the story's first paragraph), anger and puzzlement (while falling asleep), and, especially, "a sensation of freedom" in response to his mentor's passing that surprises him and us. "I found it strange," the narrator says, "that neither I nor the day seemed in a mourning mood."

Second , he is intelligent — and not merely in the conventional sense of the word. Sure, he is brainy enough to absorb much of the arcane information shared with him by the priest. (It makes sense that he has grown into the articulate storyteller who shares the tale of Father Flynn's influence upon him.) But the protagonist of "The Sisters" also possesses an intuitive understanding of how other human beings feel, think, and act —emotional intelligence, you might call it.

It is no surprise that a boy so sensitive, so intelligent, would find himself somewhat alienated from others — cut off, fundamentally, from his family and peers. He appears to lack altogether a connection with his uncle, much less Old Cotter, and it is said that he rarely plays "with young lads of his own age." Even when he is in the company of his aunt and the priest's sisters near story's end, the reader's main sense of the boy is that he is alone.

Unit 10

Great Expectation

Character: Pip

There are really two Pips in Great Expectations: Pip the narrator and Pip the character—the voice telling the story and the person acting it out. Dickens takes great care to distinguish the two Pips, imbuing the voice of Pip the narrator with perspective and maturity while also imparting how Pip the character feels about what is happening to him as it actually happens. This skillfully executed distinction is perhaps best observed early in the book, when Pip the character is a child; here, Pip the narrator gently pokes fun at his younger self, but also enables us to see and feel the story through his eyes…. 见前面

Theme

Ambition and Self-Improvement: The moral theme of Great Expectations is quite simple: affection, loyalty, and conscience are more important than social advancement, wealth, and class.

Crime, Guilt, and Innocence : The theme of crime, guilt, and innocence is explored throughout the novel largely through the characters of the convicts and the criminal lawyer Jaggers. Magwitch, for instance, frightens Pip at first simply because he is a convict, and Pip feels guilty for helping him because he is afraid of the police. By the end of the book, however, Pip has discovered Magwitch’s inner nobility, and is able to disregard his external status as a criminal. Prompted by his conscience, he helps Magwitch to evade the law and the police. As Pip has learned

to trust his conscience and to value Magwitch’s inner character, he has replaced an external standard of value with an internal one.