拉美国家概况知识点
Panorama de América Latina
I．Geografía（1）
1.美洲是由意大利人亚美利哥·韦斯普奇Américo Vespucio的名字命名的
2. 白人与黑人的后代是穆拉托人mulato，白人和印第安人的后代是梅斯蔕索人mestizo，黑人和印第安人的后代是桑博人zambo
3. 墨西哥以梅斯蔕索人mestizo为主，阿根廷以白人blancos为主，秘鲁以印第安人indios为主
4.拉美人喜欢移民至：美国、西班牙
5.拉美人信仰的主要宗教是：天主教
6.世界上最长的山脉是：安第斯山脉Cordillera de los Andes
7.西半球最高的山峰是：阿空加瓜峰Aconcagua
8.世界上海拔最高的通航湖泊是：的的喀喀湖Lago Titicaca
9.世界上最大的平原是：亚马孙平原，跨居巴西、秘鲁、哥伦比亚、玻利维亚等国家
10.世界上最干旱的沙漠是：阿塔卡玛沙漠Desierto de Atacama
11.世界第二长及水流量最大的河流是：亚马孙河el río Amazonas
12.拉美第二长的河流是：拉普拉塔河Río de la Plata，它是由巴拉那河Río parana 和乌拉圭河Río Uruguay汇合而成
13.美国和墨西哥的分界河流是：格兰德河Río Grande
Geografía（2）
1.大西洋沿岸比太平洋沿岸更潮湿húmeda
2.美洲原产植物有：玉米el maíz，el tabaco，可可el cacao，花生el maní，
木薯la mandioca，土豆la patata，红薯la batata
3.美洲原产动物有：羊驼La llama，大羊驼la alpaca，小羊驼la vicu?a，
原驼el guanaco
4.智利以产铜cobre闻名，玻利维亚主要产锡esta?o
5.石油产量居世界第二的国家是：委内瑞拉Venezuela
6.阿根廷的首都是布宜诺斯艾利斯Buenos Aires，墨西哥的首都是墨西哥城Ciudad de México，古巴的首都是哈瓦那La Habana
7.拉美国家面临的最大问题是：歧视排斥印第安人
II．Política
1. 贝隆主义的创始人是阿根廷前总统：贝隆Perón
2. 1961年4月，美国军队入侵古巴，史称：猪湾事件Invasión de Playa Girón
3. 古巴现任总统是：劳尔?卡斯特罗Raúl Castro
4. 上世纪70年代，智利前总统萨尔瓦多?阿连德Salvador Allende试图在智利推行改革，但社会主义实践以失败告终
5. 1982年阿根廷和英国之间的战争爆发在马尔维纳斯群岛Islas Malvinas
6. 阿根廷现任总统是：克里斯蒂娜?基什内尔Cristina Kirchner
7. 在2000年，秘鲁结束了藤森Alberto Fujimori的统治
8. 使哥伦比亚不安的两个最重要因素：民族解放军ELN、哥伦比亚武装力量FARC
9. 委内瑞拉现任总统是：乌戈?查维斯Hugo Chávez
10.1999年，巴拿马收回巴拿马运河的主权
III．Economía
1. 古巴主要出口：糖azúcar、雪茄tabaco
阿根廷主要出口：小麦trigo、玉米maíz、牛肉ternera
2. 拉美工业发展水平较高的国家有：智利、墨西哥、阿根廷
3.拉美国家主要的贸易伙伴是：美国、欧洲Estados Unidos y Europa
4.位于秘鲁的马丘比丘MachaPicha，被称为失落之城，是印加文明的遗址
IV．Historia（1）la historia antigua古代史
1. 美洲最早的居住者是：土著人indios（印第安人）
2. 美洲三大史前文明是：
玛雅文明cultura maya、阿兹特克文明cultura azteca、印加文明cultura incaica
3. 阿兹特克帝国的首都是：特诺奇提特兰Tenochtitlán
4. 印加帝国的首都是：库斯科城la Ciudad de Cuzco
5. 印加文明的代表性建筑是：马丘比丘城Macha Picha
Historia（2）la historia moderna近代史
1.与哥伦布航行到美洲的三艘船分别叫：
平塔Pinta、圣玛丽亚Santa María、尼尼亚Ni?a
2. 最早在美洲展开殖民活动的国家是西班牙，并于1493从海地开始
3. 在前往美洲的探险中，重要的两个征服者是：
埃尔南·科尔特斯Hernán Cortés、弗朗西斯科·皮萨罗Francisco Pizarro 4. 西班牙的美洲殖民地划分为两个总督区：
新西班牙总督区Virreinato de Nueva Espa?a、秘鲁总督区Virreinato del Perú
5.西班牙在美洲主要寻找的2种矿产是：金银oro y plata
6. 在美洲地位最低的阶层是：奴隶los esclavos
Historia（3）La historia contemporánea现代史
1. 1804年，海地Haití建立起拉丁美洲第一个独立国家
2.拉美独立运动中的三个著名领袖是：
玻利瓦尔Simón Bolívar、圣马丁San Martín、伊达尔戈Hidalgo
3.1826年，拉美大部分国家（18个）获得独立
4.南美第一代考迪罗的代表有：伊图尔维德Iturbide
5.墨西哥的资产阶级民主革命发生于1910年
6.为什么拉丁美洲独立后仍处于混乱状态：
并非是真正的资本主义民主制度；考迪罗独裁制度；各国间的各种战争
V．Arte
1.列举几种拉丁美洲的舞蹈：mariachi(México)
伦巴&恰恰恰（古巴）rumba&chachachá (Cuba)
探戈（阿根廷）tango(Argentina)
马里内洛（秘鲁）marinero(Perú)
库埃卡（智利）cueca(Chile)
2.19世纪拉美最杰出的三大画家是：
普里利迪亚诺·普埃雷东Prilidiano Pueyrredón(Argentina)
胡安·曼努埃尔·布拉内斯Juan Manuel Blanes(Uruguay)
何塞·玛丽亚·贝拉斯科José María Velasco (México)
3.墨西哥“壁画三杰”是：
里维拉Diego María Rivera
奥罗斯科José Clemente Orozco
西凯罗斯David Alfaro Siqueiros
4.获得奥斯卡奖的两部阿根廷电影是：
《官方说法》La Historia oficial、《谜一样的双眼》El Secreto de Sus Ojos
VI. Costumbres sociales
1.拉美比较著名的节日有：
阿根廷9月4日移民节Fiesta Nacional del Inmigrante
墨西哥11月1日和2日亡灵节Día de Muertos
2. 巴拉圭人把新年之前的5天定为冷餐日，全国都不举炊
3. 哥斯达黎加人在新年期间互赠一朵名为圣卢西亚Santa Lucía的紫色小野花
VII. Literatura
1.西班牙诗人阿隆索·德·埃尔西利亚创作的叙事长诗《阿劳加纳》La Araucana
是第一部以美洲题材为内容的文学作品
2. 小说《流浪汉古斯曼·德·阿尔法拉切》Guzmán de Alfarache深受流浪汉小说的影响，使得“古斯曼”成为流浪汉的代名词
3. 加尔西拉索·德拉·维加的回忆录《王家述评》Comentarios Reales de los Incas
叙述了印加帝国的风土人情和神话传说，极具文学价值和美学意义
4. 厄瓜多尔诗人奥尔梅多在代表作《胡宁大捷：献给玻利瓦尔的颂歌》里讴歌
了拉美独立运动领袖玻利瓦尔和独立战争的胜利
5. 拉美西语国家第一部长篇小说是《癞皮鹦鹉》El Periquillo Sarniento，展示了
墨西哥社会独立前夕的广阔画面
6. 阿根廷作家埃切维里亚是前期浪漫主义代表作家，他最重要的作品是小说：《屠场》El Matadero
7. 阿根廷高乔文学的三大史诗是：《桑托斯·维加》、《浮士德》、《马丁·菲耶罗》
8. 秘鲁作家里卡多·帕尔玛创造了一种新的文学体裁——传说，其代表作是：《秘鲁传说》Tradiciones Peruanas
9. 尼加拉瓜诗人鲁文·达里奥的诗集《蓝》Azul是第一部原殖民地对宗主国西
班牙产生影响的文学作品
10. 拉美文学的三部经典小说是：《漩涡》、《唐娜芭芭拉》、《堂塞贡多·松布拉》
11. 智利女诗人卡夫列拉·米斯特拉尔是拉美第一个诺贝尔文学奖的获得者
12. 60年代~70年代初，拉美出现文学爆炸局面，最重要的流派魔幻现实主义的代表作是哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯的《百年孤独》Cien a?os de soledad 13. 拉美共6位作家获得诺贝尔文学奖：巴尔加斯·略萨《城市与狗》、
奥克塔维奥·帕斯《太阳石》......
VIII Y IX. Ense?anza y relaciones exteriores
1.阿根廷最好的大学是：布宜诺斯艾利斯大学Universidad de Buenos Aires
古巴最好的大学是：哈瓦那大学Universidad de la Habana
墨西哥最好的大学是：墨西哥国立自治大学
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
2. 1538年，西班牙殖民地建立的第一所大学是：
圣托马斯·德·阿基诺大学Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino
3. 阿根廷义务教育是：13年
4. 在智利举行的拉丁美洲最重要的电影节是：
比尼亚德尔玛国际电影节Festival Internacional de Cine de Vi?a del Mar
5. 略（不考）
6. AECID是：西班牙国际合作发展署
Agencia Espa?ola de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo
7. 1960年，第一个与中国建立大使级外交关系的拉美国家是：古巴
8. 中国在拉美的四大商业合作国家是：巴西、墨西哥、智利、阿根廷
9. 拉美国家中，与古巴关系最好的国家是：委内瑞拉
10. O.E.U：Organización de los Estados Americanos美洲国家组织
MERCOSUR：Mercado Común del Sur南方共同市场
CAN：Comunidad Andina安第斯共同体
英国国家概况及英国文化
英国国家概况及英国文化 、教育简介国名： 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)国旗： 呈横长方形，长与宽之比为２∶１。 为“米”字旗，由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。 旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治，白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁，红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。 此旗产生于１８０１年，是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。 国徽： 即英王徽。 中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金地上半站立的红狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴，象征爱尔兰。 盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。 盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言，意为“恶有恶报”；下端悬挂着嘉德勋章，饰带上写着“天有上帝，我有权利”。 盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。
国歌： 《上帝保佑女王》杜摯猠癡?桴?畱敥屮（如在位的是男性君主，国歌改为杜摯猠癡?桴步湩屧）国花： 1 / 10 玫瑰花国鸟： 红胸鸽国石： 钻石科学节： １８３１年开始，一年举办一次科学周： １９９４年开始，在每年的３月举办自然地理： ２４．４１万平方公里（包括内陆水域），英格兰地区１３.０４万平方公里，苏格兰７.８８万平方公里，威尔士２.０８万平方公里，北爱尔兰１.４１万平方公里。 位于欧洲西部的岛国。 由大不列颠岛（包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）、爱尔兰岛东北部和周围一些小岛组成。 隔北海、多佛尔海峡、英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相望。 它的陆界与爱尔兰共和国接壤。 海岸线总长１１４５０公里。 全境分为四部分： 英格兰东南部平原、中西部山区、苏格兰山区、北爱尔兰高原和山区。主要河流有塞文河（３５４公里）和泰晤士河（３４６公里）。
英美国家概况期末试题A卷
2013-2014学年度第一学期 英国国家概况期末试题 （考试时间120分钟，总分100分） 班级姓名成绩 得分评卷人复查人 I. Multiple Choice Questions. (50 points, 2 point for each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are 50 unfinished statements or questions. For each of the unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers, marked A. B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts： 1.The British Isles are made up of________ A.two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland 2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are_______ A.Britain，Scotland and Wales B. England，Scotland and Wales C. Britain，Scotland and Ireland D. England，Scotland and Ireland 3.The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries______ A. that have a large number of British immigrants B. that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars C. that speak English as their native language D. that were once colonies of Britain 4. About a hundred years ago，as a result of imperialist expansion，Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world's people and ______of the world's land area. A.one third B. one fifth C. one fourth D. two fifths 5.The earliest invasion of England is that by _____. A. the Iberian B. the Danes C. the Celts D. the Anglo-Saxons 6.the Celts religion was _____. A.Christianity B. Druidism C. Norman belief D. Roman Catholic 7.the Anglo-Saxons brought _____ religion to Britain.
英语国家概况全知识点题库题目汇编含答案
British Survey Test Part I Geography 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern D . western 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland D. Welsh 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey D. Severn 43. _____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation. A. Scotland B. Northern Ireland C. Wales D. England 1.The capital of Australia is(). A.Canberra B.Sydney C.Darwin D.Melbourne The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from _______ A. Denmark B. Belgium C. The Netherlands D.France 3. Australia’s National Day falls on(), the date of the first European settlement in Australia. A.January 26 B.February 15 C.July 4 D.November 11 6.()granted Canada full legislative authority in domestic and external affairs. A.Peace Treaty B.British American Act C.Act of Union D.Statute of Westminster 8. General elections are held about every()years in New Zealand with two main parties competing with each other. A.3 B.4 C.2 D.5 9. Most of Canada’s French Canadians live in the Province of() A.Quebec B.Ontario C.Nova Scotia D.Saskatchewan
英美概况美国部分整理
America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants
英美概况括考前知识点总结
英国概况 1，英国名称：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) 2，地理位置：Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles, the largest island in Europe and the eighth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of Continental Europe, with Ireland to the west, and makes up the largest part of the territory of the state known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded by over 1,000[citation needed] smaller islands and islets. 或者回答British mainland western Europe from Great Britain and Ireland, north-east and many nearby islands， She east by the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, up to the North Atlantic off Iceland, Yugoslavia and the European continent, separated only by a strip of water, the English Channel 3, 英国首都：London 4,组成部分：England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 5,民族：England Welsh、Scotch、Irish 6, 英国国旗：the Union Flag英国国歌：God Save The Queen 天佑女7，三次外族入侵：ⅠRoman Conquest；43AD, the roman empire
Test for US 英美国家概况 美国部分测试题
1. The official full name of the United States is usually referred to as . It is often called , , , , or simply , or the “” in American spoken English. 2. National Holiday of US is . 3. Nicknames for the flag include ,,, and which is also the name of the country's official national anthem. 4. served as the political theory behind the American Revolution. 5. On July 4, 1776, the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence drafted by a committee including and , with most of the work done by . 6. By the Declaration of Independence the United States held its separate and equal position among the powers of the earth, and also by it the United States had been founded, based on the right “.” 7. The American Civil War was in fact a conflict during 1861-1865 in the USA between the Southern or of America and the Northern or . 8. Four great empires—, , , and —had disappeared by the end of WWⅠ. 9. American Attitudes towards WWⅡ were excitedly divided into who opposed any involvement in the European war, and who urged immediate aid to the Allies. 10. The Cold War was an ideological, political, and economic state of tensions, conflicts and hostility from 1945 to 1990 between the USSR and on the one hand, and the US and on the other. 11. The Berlin blockade promoted the signing of and the founding of . 12. is the only “hot war” between the USA and the Soviet Union during the Cold War period.
英语国家概况考试复习要点
英语国家概况复习要点 Part One UK The Country 1.Different Names for Britain and its Parts Name：England Britain Great Britain (GB/G.B.) British Isles British Empire The Commonwealth The United Kingdom(The UK) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Parts：England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Geographically, the British Isles includes Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, and all the offshore islands Politically, the British Isles is made up of U.K. and Republic of Ireland. 3. the highest mountain in Britain：Ben Nevis(本尼维斯山) the largest mountain range in Britain：the Grampians（格兰扁山脉） 4.the longest river：The Severn River (塞文河) The most important river in Britain and the second longest river: Thames（泰晤士河） 5. the largest lake in Britain：Lough Neagh（内伊湖）( Northern Ireland) 6. Backbone of England：the Pennies（奔宁山脉） The people 7.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians. 人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利来人。 8.Basis of Modern English race? The earlist people known in Britain were nomads（游牧者）from mainland Europe in the Old Stone Age（旧石器时代）,followed by Neolithic（新石器时代）Iberians （伊比利亚人) and the Beaker Folk(比克人）in the Bronze Age（青铜器时代） 9.the contributions made by Anglo-Saxons to the English state? ①.established 'Old English' ②.laid the foundations of the English state ③. divided the country into shires ④. created the 'Witan' to advise the King(the basis of the Cabinet) 10.different invaders? First invasion—In 55 BC, Julius Caesar Second—Caesar's second raid in 54 BC Third and final—In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of Britain (recorded) Left—In 410, Germanic barbarian attack Rome, forcing Roman troops to leave Britain, and thus ending its occupation of the island History 9.Who is known as “ the father of the British navy” ? Sir Francis Drake 10. The Norman Conquest and its consequences The Norman Conquest (1066-1071) Fuse: Edward ruled for 24 years and died in January, 1066. Harold was chosen to be king. William, Duke of Normandy, heard the news of Harold’s coronation, he got very angry and claimed that he had the sole right to be king of England because
《英美概况》课后练习
期末考试 一、单项选择题 1. The UK is bordered on the _____ by the English Channel. A. east B. west C. north D. south 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK is bordered on the south by the English Channel.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK), 2. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called _____. A. the Straits of Dover B. Chunnel C. Strait of Gibraltar D. Marroqui 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover.参见教材P86。 本题知识点：Geographical features(UK),
3. The UK has a _____ climate. A. arid climates B. semi-humid C. continental D. maritime 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】答案选D。The UK has a maritime climate.参见教材P88。本题知识点：Climate(UK), 4. The UK is an island country which lies between latitude _____ north. A. 50° to 60° B. 30° to 40° C. 40° to 50° D. 60° to 70° 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】答案选A。The UK is an island country which lies between latitude 50° to 60° north.参见教材P88。 本题知识点：Climate(UK), 5. The UK has a _____ throughout the whole year.
英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围
期末考试题型及范围 Part I True or False (10%) 来自整本书课后习题 Part II M ultiple Choice (10%)来自整本书课后习题 Part II I Reading Comprehension (30%) 课外 Part IV Vocabulary (20%) 来自课本英国部分和美国部分 Part V Explanations (10%) 十选二 Give explanation to the following terms. 1．Anglo-Saxons 2. The House of Commons 3. The Bill of Rights of 1689 4. the Cabinet of the UK 5. Constitutional Monarchy 6. The New Deal 7. the Civil Rights Act of 1964 8. The US Federal system 9. Comprehensive schools 10. the Gettysburg Address Part VI Questions (20%) 八选二 State your understanding of the following questions in at least 80 words for each. 1.What were te results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain? 2.What were the major causes of Britain's relative ecnomic decline in the post-war period? 3.What are the general features of Britain's independent schools? 4. What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society? 5. What was the cause of the American Civil War? 6. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II? 7. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election? 8. Cite examples to illustrate the role of govenment intervention in America's economic development.
英美国家概况课后题及答案
英美国家概况课后题及答案 Chapter 2 1.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T) 3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T) 4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T) 5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F) 6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F) 10.In an effort to make a promise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)
英美概况美国部分复习.docx
Melting Pot: Immigrants from different regions and cultures came to live in the United States, their old ways of life melt away and they became part of the American culture? WASPs: WASPS are the mainstream Americans, referring to the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants The Hispanics: The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America, which was once dominated by the Spanish Empire?American Indians: The Indian peoples are known as the first Americans. When Columbus landed in the New World in 1492, he thought he had reached India and called the natives Indians? Separation of powers: Under the federalist system, the federal and the state governments have separate and distinct powers laid down in the Constitutio n. ^Winner-take-air5principle: The party that wins most votes (simple majority) in a state wins all the electoral votes for the state and the defeated party gets none? Federalism: Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between U.S. state governments and the federal government of the United States? Since the founding of the country, and particularly with the end of the American Civil War, power shifted away from the states and towards the national government. Thanksgiving Day: It's on the fourth Thursday of Novembe匚It is a typical
英美概况
英美概况 《英美概况》第一版于2010年出版后，因其语言通俗易懂、内容新颖、趣味性强而深受广大师生喜爱，多次重印。但出版至今的四年多来，世界发生了很大变化，尤其是英美两国的政治、经济和军事。为了给广大师生提供最近的成果，有必要对此书进行必要的修订。 新修订的教材体例保持了原版的风貌，只是对部分内容进行了更新，使其更符合英美国家现实。譬如，英国现任首相是卡梅伦，2013年英国的GDP为2.522万亿美元，人口是6 410万;美国的GDP则为16.8万亿美元，人口是3.161亿。另外，概要、历史、政治、经济、军事、文化与教育、宗教、文学艺术等内容也根据最新成果作了更新。 参加本书修改版的教师分别为:概要(刘雪，部寒)、历史(张军燕，宋艳梅)、政治(王春玲，王莉，王晓琳)、经济(韩小宁，刘白玉)、军事(顿小慧，王建波)、文化与教育(刘夏青，刘璐丝)、宗教(包芳)、文学艺术(包芳，顾征)。"保持乐观"部分由刘白玉编写，"附录"部分由扈珺编写。 你想了解英美吗？你想知道英美文化的根源吗？你想了解英语语言的故事吗？ 又或许你有游历英美的计划，又或者你希望能提升自己的英语能力，那么这是一门适合你的课程。
“英美概况——纵览?博闻”是一门面向社会学习者开放的素质教育通识课。本课程旨在通过系统介绍英国和美国的历史、地理、政治、经济、文化传统，风俗习惯和语言发展，使学习者对这些国家有充分的了解。本课程是一门全英语授课的文化类通识课程，旨在提高你文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性。同时，这还是一门实用性很强的文化知识课，通过线上课堂，线下阅读教材，参与课堂讨论和互动完成作业，丰富审美趣味，增强对西方文化的了解，扩大知识面，提升个人的跨文化交际能力以及英语的表达能力，课程配备中英双语字幕，适合不同学习者的需要。 视频讲授由主讲教师担任，每周围绕一个主题，集中讲授一到两个专题，分解为多个知识点，以三至五段视频呈现；直播课程是对课程内容的补充，学生可以在直播间和老师进行实时互动。 这不仅是一门普通的文化通识课，我们在教学中融入主题相关的语言技巧，配套有丰富的语言学习资源。在这里你可以遇见和结交众多和你一样对英美文化和英语语言感兴趣的朋友，还犹豫什么，赶紧加入我们吧！
拉美地区简介
拉丁美洲基本概况 拉丁美洲的概念含义： ?全称：拉丁亚美利加洲，是指美国以南的美洲地区，地处北纬32°42′和南纬56°54′之间，包括墨西哥、中美洲、西印度群岛和南美洲。因长期曾沦为拉丁语族的西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地，现有国家中绝大多数通行的语言属拉丁语族，故被称为拉丁美洲。
?“拉丁美洲”这一名词的由来：由“美洲”和“拉丁的”组成，而“美洲这一名词的提出又经历了三个阶段：1，1492年10月哥伦布发现新大陆却以为到达亚洲的印度，将其称为”las Indias”；2，1501-1503年意大利航海家 Américo Vespucio奉葡萄牙国王之命曾航行至此并在叙述自己航海经历的信中写到：我们可以确切地称哥伦布发现的陆地为“新大陆”。”“新大陆” 的概念首次问世，哥伦布发现的新陆地不再被认为是亚洲，而是一块不同于其它大洲的新陆地。从而产生了真正意义上的美洲，但名称尚未确定；3，德国地理学家Martín Waldseemüller在地图上根据那位意大利航海家的名字将这块陆地命名为“America”（亚美利加），欧洲人普遍接受了这一概念，“亚美利加洲”（简称“美洲”）这一名词随流传于世。而“拉丁美洲”这一名词最早是在19世纪30年代时由法国人正式提出的。 ?“拉丁美洲”这一名词在国际组织和机构中一直沿用到20世纪70年代。60-70年代原英属的安的列斯群岛中的一些岛屿和圭亚那先后脱离英国独立，加勒比海地区的政治、经济、文化在国际上得到关注，遂国际组织和机构更名为“拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区”，以表明其在政治经济文化上别于拉美其他地区的特殊性。
◆国家： ?一共有33个国家：墨西哥、危地马拉、伯利兹、洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多、尼加拉瓜、哥斯达黎加、巴拿马、古巴、海地、多米尼加、牙买加、特立尼达和多巴哥、巴巴多斯、格林纳达、多米尼加联邦、圣卢西亚、圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、安提瓜和巴布达、圣基茨和尼维斯、巴哈马、圭亚那、苏里南、委内瑞拉、哥伦比亚、巴西、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁、玻利维亚、智利、阿根廷、巴拉圭、乌拉圭。还有仍处于美、英、法、荷统治下的十多个殖民地。 ◆国体： ?拉丁美洲地区现共有33个独立国家。这33个国家中，古巴是惟一的社会主义国家，其余32个国家都是资本主义国家。 ◆政体：总统制、议会制、混合制： ?18个西语国家中16个国家采用总统制，0个采用议会制，1个采用混合制（秘鲁），一个采用人民政权代表大会制（古巴） ◆国家结构： ?拉美33个独立国家中，有29个国家采用单一制；其余4个国家即墨西哥、委内瑞拉、巴西和阿根廷采用了复合制中的联邦制。
英语国家概况知识点总结
英语国家概况知识点总结 Full name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Others names: The United Kingdom /The UK/Britain/The Great Britain/The British Lion/England/The British Isles British Isles: 范围最大，包含了大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛及其附近的许多小岛 U K : Includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland Great Britain: Includes only England, Scotland and Wales Area : 242,514 square kilometers (93,635square miles) Population: about 60,587,300 National capital: London National Flag: The Union Jack National Anthem: God Save the Queen/King
Components: England: 1.The largest and the most populated country of UK. It occupies more than half the island of Great Britain. 2.Area: 130,281 square kilometers (5 3.7 percent) 3. Population: 50,762,900(83.8 percent) 401 people per square kilo 4. Capital: London (the seat of government, center of business, the heart of arts and culture, dominates England just like England dominates The UK) Scotland: 1.The second largest of the four nations both in area and population .no longer has a separate legislature and executive, and its economy is integrated into that of the rest of Britain. But it does have a separate administration, different legal and educational systems as well as its Presbyterian national church. Above all it has retained much of its distinct cultural identity. 2.area: 77,925 square kilometers(32.1 percent) 3.population: 5,116,900 (8.4persent) 65 people per square kilo 4.capital: Edinburgh (on the east cost represent the capital of the region) 5.the l argest city is Glasgow (In the west) Wales: 1. A peninsular jutting from England into the Irish Sea, and is the smallest among the three nations on the island of Britain. And has been dominated by England for longer period than the other three nations since its officially union with England in 1536(actually England has ruled Wales in 1343 but not officially recognized) 2.area: 20732 square kilometers (8.5percent) 3.population: 2,965,900( 4.9persent) 142 people per square kilo 4.capital: Cardiff (southern Wales) serving as an important seaport and industrial center 5.Wales retained a unique cultural social and economic development, notably its national language, Welsh, and a devolved Welsh Assembly Northern Ireland: 1.Often referred to as the province of Ulster, is part of the island Ireland located in its northeast corner. And is the smallest both in area and population among the four nations of the UK. 2.area: 13,576square kilometers (5.7 percent of the UK and one six of the island