最全的非谓语动词知识点总结
动词不定式和动名词作主语
一,作主语
⒈不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首, 不定式作主语侧重于将来特定的某一次, 如:
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如:
①It+be+名词+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb + some time +to do
How long did it take you to finish the work
③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.
⒉动名词作主语
(1)把动名词置于句首, 侧重于经常性发生的动作. 如:
Learning without practice is no good.
动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如:
①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…
It's no good reading in dim light.
It's no use sitting here waiting.
②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如: It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.
不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
1、不定式和动名词作表语相当于名词作表语，表示主语的内容，主语和表语可以对调；1）动词不定式通常表示将来某一次，而动名词则表示经常性发生的动作。
My job is teaching / to teach English. (作表语的teaching / to teach English是my job的具体内容，可说成Teaching / To teach English is my job. )
2）动词不定式作表语，to的省略问题，动词不定式作表语时，如果前面有实意动词do,则后面的动词不定式to要省略。
(2)动名词作表语和现在进行时态的区别，动名词作表语表示主语的职责和功能。现在进行时表示动作正在进行。
My job is looking after the children.
He is looking for the the child.
3、分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，主语和表语不可对调；现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的性质特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。其中过去分词作表语要区别被动语态，主系表结构中分词作表语表状态，被动语态中则表示动作。
The movie is exciting. (exciting是主语the movie是性质特征。)
They are excited at the news. (excited表示they现在所处的状态）
一、不定式作定语
二、分词作定语
三、不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
1
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系，若不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，则用主动表示被动。反之，使用动词不定式的被动。
Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去，但若修饰place, way, time则可以省略。
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。
4）同位关系
不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如：
We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。
5）状语关系
被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如：That's the way to do it. 那样做才对。
I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。
1）不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：
ability能力，本领drive赶，驾驶movement运动，活动ambition抱负，野心effort努力，尝试need需要，需求campaign战役，运动failure失败，不及格opportunity机会chance 机会force力，压力，要点promise许诺，希望courage勇气intention意向，意图reason 理由，原因decision决定method方法，方式light光，光线，亮光determination决心，决定motive动机，目的struggle奋斗，努力，tendency倾向，趋势wish希望，愿望
2）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
3）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”）Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
John will do anything but work on a farm．除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。
介词But、except 存在的情况下，当主句中含有do的情况下，后面的不定式to省略，主句中不含do，则后面的动词不定式to不省略。（其中动词不定式作介词的宾语，介词和介词的宾语作选择状语）
I have nothing to do but give up.
4）某些动词, 如to let, to blame （责备）, to seek（寻找）用主动式表被动意义。
The house is to let. 这房子要出租。
Who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁?
The reason is not far to seek. 这理由不难找到。
1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He is an advanced teacher．他是个先进教师。
3）不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语，但不具有被动意义，只是表示完成：departed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished,突然不见，逐渐消失much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词做状语，存在两种情况，第一种情况是主句的主语和从句的主语一致是则用非谓语动词作状语。第二种情况是主句的主语和从句的主语不一致时我们用独立主格形式作状语。
非谓语动词作状语是，动词不定式可以做目的、原因
、结果状语，分词可以作除目的状语以外的所有状语。
主句的主语和从句的主语一致的情况
1）作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首) 作目的状语要用不定式。动词不定式作目的状语放在主句的后面的时候，动词不定式和主句不可以用逗号隔开。
(In order )not to waste electricity, we turned the light off.
Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes. (so as to只能置于主句之后)
2）作原因状语：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed…。
I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.
3) 作结果状语：不定式作结果状语通常表意外的结果。
I opened the door to find the room empty. 我打开门，结果发现房间是空的。
①. 动词不定式前可以加上only, 更加强调‘意外，想不到’。还可加never, 表示‘没有再…’He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆忙到了车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。
②动词不定式作结果状语的其他几种方式：so + adj. / adv. + as to, such + n. + as to, too…to , enough to等。
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?
He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information.
现在分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，现在分词要用完成式。如：
Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football.
1）现在分词作状语与主语的关系。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语必须保持一致。如果不一致，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。如：
Do you mind my opening the window.？(你介意我打开窗户吗）
2）不定式与现在分词引导结果状语的区别：动词不定式作定语表示一种意想不到的结果，分词作结果状语则不包含这种意思。
1. He got home to learn that his father was ill.
2. I ran to the school, only to be informed that I wasn't admitted by Beijing University. 我跑到学校，却被告知我没有被北大所录取。
3. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding. 雨下得很大，导致了非常严重的涝灾。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 【作时间状语】
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 从被党接受的那一刻起，他决定要把他的一生致力于党的事业。
①.英语中有些形容词化的过去分词（短语），常省略be动词，在句中作状语。常见的有：be lost in, be faced with, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of等等。
Faced with so many problems, he felt depressed.
Located in the centre of Longhui, NO.1 Middle School of LH is the best school in the town.
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.
With so much work to do, he could not fall asleep.
With most work done, he could have a good sleep.
非谓语作状语总结
非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。
注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形。
解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后
主句的主语和从句的主语不一致的情况
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.
非谓语动词做宾语
一.动名词做宾语的口诀: 即:动词+v.ing
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡
难以忍受始反对，想要成功坚持忙
习惯放弃有困难，导致专心防道歉。
解析：（记住口诀中对应的动词）
第一句包含的动词有：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon,
第二节包含的动词有：admit, delay/put off, fancy（想像，想要）,
第三句包含的动词有：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,
第四句句包含的动词有：deny（否认，拒绝）, finish, enjoy/appreciate（欣赏）,
第五句包含的动词有：forbid, imagine, risk（冒险）
第六句包含的动词有：can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape.
第七句包含的动词有：can't stand(难以忍受），set about 开始，着手，object to（反对）, 第八句包含动词有：feel like（想要），succeed in (成功)，stick to(坚持) ，insist on（坚持，强调，坚决要求），be busy (in)（忙于做某事）
第九句包含的动词有：be used/accustomed to(习惯于…)，give up（放弃）, have difficulty / trouble (in), （做某事有困难）
第十句包含的动词有：lead to（导致）, devote to（将…奉献给；把…专用于）prevent…… from……（预防，防止），apologize for（为……道歉）,
此外，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in),thank you for, pay attention to, aim at 目的在于，旨在；瞄准；企图,accuse…of… 控告；谴责，get down to（开始认真处理，对待）, etc.
二、通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：(即：动词+to do) 记忆口诀如下：
同意提出做计划，
要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝，
敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装，
设法做成决心坚。
agree (同意)；offer (提出)；intend，plan (打算，计划)；demand，ask (要求)；promise (答应)；help (帮忙)；prepare (准备)；decide (决定)；refuse (拒绝)；dare (敢于)；choose (选择)；wish，hope，want，expect (希望，想要)；fail ；（不能；忘记）；pretend (假装)；manage (设法)；determine （决心）。
三．既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或词组：即“四'记’”“力争”“停后悔”。
“四记”指“记得、记住（remember）”；“忘记（forget）”“计划、打算（mean）”；“继续（go on，continue)”R emember to do , forget to do ,regret（后悔）to do 指还没有去做…事Remember doing，forget doing ,regret doing指…..已经做了某事
“力争”指“try”；try to do 指接近全力去做…；try doing指尝试做… Mean to do 打算去做… Mean doing 意味着…..
Missing the train means waiting for another day.
“停”“后悔”指stop与regret。Stop doing 指停止做此事….，stop to do 指停下来去做另一件事.
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别
英语中某些及物动词后除了要求跟有宾语外，还要求跟有宾语补足语（宾补），句子的意思才能完整。现在分词、过去分词和不定式三种非谓语动词都可以充当宾补。但由于它们的形式不同，表示的意义也不同。现比较如下：
现在分词作宾补表示动作当时正在进行，尚未结束，强调动作的发生过程或当时一段时间的状态。此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是主动的主谓关系。下列两类动词之后通常用现在分词作宾补。
1、表“感觉”的动词：see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如：
I heard Tom singing an English song in the next room. 我听见汤姆在隔壁正在
唱一首英语歌（汤姆正在发出“唱歌”这个动作。）
On the top of the hill, he could see smoke rising from the chimneys．站在山顶上，他可以看到缕缕炊烟正在从烟囱里冉冉升起。(炊烟正在发出“升起”这个动作。) He was found smoking in the hall, so he was fined heavily. 有人发现他在大厅里抽烟，结果被重罚。
2、表“使役”的动词：have; keep; get; start; send; leave; set等。例如：
His letter left me feeling pretty bad．他的信使我感到相当难受。（指当时那段时间的状态。）
What she said set me thinking．她说的话让我深思。（指当时那段时间“思考”
的状态。）
I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long a time. 很抱歉让您久等了。（指当时那段时间“等待”的状态。）
过去分词作宾补，强调动作的完成和结果，此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是被动的主谓关系。它主要是用在下列三类动词之后。
1、表示“感觉”的动词，主要有see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如：
When they got there，they found the house burnt down．他们到那儿时，发现房
子已全部烧毁。（房子已经被“烧掉”，强调结果。）
I heard the song sung yesterday. 昨天我听到有人唱了那首歌。（歌被人“唱”。）
2、表示“心理状态”的动词：like; think; expect; want; wish等。例如：
The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked. 女服务员问那
个美国人愿意怎么烹调牛排。（牛排被“烹调”。）
I wish my homework finished before five o’clock.我希望5点前完成我的作业。(作业被“完成”。)
3、表示“使役”的动词：have; get; leave; keep; make; order 等。
Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。(事情被“做”。)
The teacher couldn’t make himself paid attention to because there was too much noise outside. 老师无法让（学生）集中注意力，因为外面太吵了。（指老师本人不能被学生“注意”。）
注意：
使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种意义，具体指那种意义，要根据上下语境来确定。
过去分词所表示的动作由主语让他人完成的。例如：
1) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。（虽然头发被理，但这里指主语“我”让理发师理发。）
2) 过去分词所表示的动作是指主语所经历的一件不好的事情。例如：
He had his leg broken when he was playing football yesterday. 他昨天打足球的
时候，腿被摔断了。（虽然腿被摔断，但这里指主语的不好的一次经历，与第一点意思显然不一样。）
在英语中有些动词要求接动词不定式作宾补。它表示该动作发生在谓语动词之后，属将要发生的动作。应注意如下几个方面：
1、带to的不定式作宾补。
有这种用法的动词常见的有：ask; tell; get; wish; like; want; expect; prefer; enable; teach; know; understand; would like; cause; force; know; intend; permit; request; order; invite; encourage; warn; remind; oblige; forbid; challenge; drive
等。例如：
Wei Fang asked me to go shopping with her.
魏芳叫我跟她一起去逛商场。（“逛商场”这个动作发生在“叫”之后。）
Our teacher encouraged us to study harder.
老师鼓励我们努力学习。（“努力学习”发生在“鼓励：之后。）
注意：
1）当表示“见解、看法”的动词后带不定式作宾补时，其宾补形式通常是to be 或to have done。这类词通常有：believe; consider; declare; discover; guess; declare; find; imagine; judge; feel (认为); suppose; think; understand等。例如：I consider him to have done wrong.
我认为他做错了。
Later, he discovered the story to be true.
后来，他发现那个故事是真实。
2）表示“好恶”的动词后带不定式作宾补时，不能用于被动。这类动词主要动词有：like; dislike; prefer; hate; love; want等。例如：
I hate people to tell lies.
我厌恶人说谎。
Do you prefer me to do the work by myself?
你更愿意我独自做这个工作。
3）某些短语动词后可带不定式作宾补。这类动词主要有arrange for; ask for; call on; count on; depend on; long for; rely on; wait for等。例如：You can not count on Tom to help you. 别指望汤姆能够帮你。
I am waiting for you to reply. 我在等你的答复。
2、省to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有feel; hear; listen to; have; let; make; see; look at; notice; observe; watch。这类动词后的宾补表示该动作已经结束或未来要发生的动作。应注意：在主动语态中省to，在被动语态中要to, 其中have没有被动式。例如：
We saw them play football yesterday. 昨天我们看了它们打了足球。（表示看了“打足球”整个过程。在主动语态中省to。）
He was made to stand outside for two hours.
他被要求在外面占了两个小时。（在被动语态中要加to。）
非谓语动词
非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式。
非谓语动词试题的解题步骤
解非谓语动词的试题，我们需按照“分析句子结构、分析逻辑主语、分析语态、
分析时态”
1.That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation,
closed(close) my book and walked away. （连词so）
2.We also have to consider the feeling of the person receiving ( receive) the gift.
（无连词）
3.Spend (spend) more time on your study, and you are likely to make bigger
4.He totally devoted himself to science (make) his family
very upset.（主动复合句，非限定性定语从句）
十大解题原则
1）_D_ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.(有连词）
A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. He had been told
D. Though he had been told
2)____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost
B. Lost
C. Being lost
D. Losing
解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。
3)__ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail
B. Failed
C. To fail
D. Having failed
解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。
4) The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．A．produced B．being produced
C．to be produced D．having been produced
解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month，可知the play将要于下月被创作出来，表将来应该用to do，所以答案为C。
The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down
解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作，表已经完成用-ed形式，所以答案为B。
5)At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close
解析：本题the noise of中的of是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，desks作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为C。
6)___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.
A. Caught
B. Having caught
C. Being caught
D. To catch
解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。
解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。
7)Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing
B. compares
C. to compare
D. compared
解析：“和。。。相比较”结构为be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为D。
8) ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A. Being bitten
B. Bitten
C. Having bitten
D. To be bitten
解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致，the postman应该是被咬，所以答案为B。
9)While watching television, __________.
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则，watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为“we”，答案为C。
10)The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。根据句意应是“被完成”，所以答案为B。
11)．_____, you need to give all you have and try your best.
A. Being a winner
B. To be a winner
C. Be a winner
D. Having been a winner
解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽最大努力”，此处表目的，所以答案为B。
12) The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
解析：本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了”，表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do，所以答案为B。
例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized
B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing
D. Not to have realized
解析：本题考查doing的否定形式not doing，答案为C。
例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.
A. his being not allowed
B. his not being allowed
C. his not allowing
D. having not been allowed
解析：本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语，所以答案为B。
非谓语动词难点、易错点(2)
必备英语非谓语动词难点、易错点 一、动词被动语态 1． The 31st Olympic Games _______ in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil in 2016. A. is held B. will hold C. will be held D. is going to hold 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：第31届奥运会将于2016年在巴西里约热内卢举行。举办奥运会，The 31st Olympic Games在句中作主语，用被动语态。2016年将要发生的动作，用一般将来时态。故选C。 2．— I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. — You know they by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——我喜欢早上在干净的街道上散步。——你知道他们每天都被辛勤工作的清洁工打扫。A一般现在时主动语态，B一般现在时被动语态，C现在进行时，D一般将来时，根据by the hard-working cleaners every day，可知是一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 【点评】考查时态和语态，注意一般现在时被动语态的用法。 3．Over $30,000 ______ for a children's hospital by a British girl several months ago. A. is raised B. was raised C. will be raised D. has been raised 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:几个月以前，一个英国女孩为一所儿童医院筹集了三万多美元。ago 多久以前，过去的时间，根据several months ago可知用一般过去时态;主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。所以选择一般过去时态的被动结构，故选B。
初中非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词） 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性，但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的，在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的，在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一：不定式 （1）构成：to+动词原形（do）如： I like to swim. 注意：不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类，但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如：I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （2）句法功能： 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”，将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如： ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下： 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”，反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.（不成立） 由于不能构成主谓关系，所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系，所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。（表想，希望） ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。（表打算，决定）【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下： want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系，宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有：“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、
高三英语复习 非谓语动词考点总结归纳讲义
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整)
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,
非谓语动词知识点总结(1)
必备英语非谓语动词知识点总结 一、非谓语动词 1．I look forward _____ you soon. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. to seeing 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：我盼望尽快见到你。look forward to doing sth盼望做某事，故答案为D。 【点评】考查固定搭配，注意look forward to中的to是介词，后跟动名词。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B.动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句意及结构，故选B。 3．一What should we take when going birdwatching? 一 We should take a pair of binoculars ____________the birds clearly. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. sees 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:一去看鸟应该带什么?一为了看得清楚，我们应该带一副望远镜。带上望远镜的目的是看得清楚，用带to的不定式作目的状语。故选C。 4．The workers were made from morning to night in the past. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:在过去工人们被迫从早晨工作到晚上make sb do sth让某人做某事，其被动语态形式sb be made to do sth所以选B。 5．Jane was shy. She would not invite her classmates____speaking English.
复习专题 非谓语 动词难点汇总
复习专题非谓语动词难点汇总 一、非谓语动词 1．—What should I do, doctor? —_____ healthy, you should do more exercise. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To be kept 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——我应该做什么，医生？——为了保持健康，你应该多锻炼。keep healthy，保持健康，固定搭配，排除D。多锻炼的目的是保持健康，所以用to do不定式表目的，故选C。 【点评】考查to do不定式表目的，注意平时识记其用法，理解句意。 2．To my surprise, Daniel's parents allowed him ___________ Shanghai Disneyland with me. A. to visit B. visiting C. visit D. visits 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：让我吃惊的的，戴尔的父母允许他和我去上海迪士尼乐园。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，固定短语，故选A。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语allow sb. to do sth。 3．When you are tired, in the countryside is a wonderful experience. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你累的时候，在农村放松是一个奇妙的体验。所填动词在句中作主语，该用动名词形式，所以选A。 4．We should do what we can our English. A. improve B. improved C. to improve D. improving 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我们应该做我们能做的事提高我们的英语。句子主语是we, 谓语是should do,宾语是what we can,后边的部分作目的状语，用不定式形式，故选C。 5．It was raining. My father asked me _______ a raincoat. A. take B. takes C. took D. to take 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：正下雨。我父亲要我带上雨衣。根据关键词 asked me，再结合选项，可判断出此处考查的是 ask sb. to do sth.的用法，故答案选 D。 【点评】考查固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.。
非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词 I非谓语动词有哪些不冋的形式？— 不定式除一般式.完成式以外还有一进行式 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末」it作形式主语放在句首。 1）Smok ing is prohibited 禁止）here. 2）It is not very good for you to smoke so much. -See ing is believ ing. *-To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。 { no use/good 1 not stoy t, - 0 +Sill.
of little usc/good useless
宾语： 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： ... man age, promise, prete nd, pla n, ofer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, he帮助）,want（想要）,refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ... practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, sta nd, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get dow n to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in … 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别（但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为）。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。 go on （stop/remember/regret）to do/do ing can' t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do （打算）/ doing （意味）be used to do / doing （get used to doing）（used to do） 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动定语： 不定式、ing分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Develop ing coun tries/ developed coun tries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, i nten d,expect, en courage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, caus等0 Think, consider, believe, suppose, fee等后常用“ to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People con sidered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足 语。常见的使役动词有 make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, fee以及look at, listen to 等。
初中非谓语动词最全总结
非谓语动词总结 一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况 1.动词：finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；practicedoingsth.练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；suggestdoingsth.建议做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoing sth.持续做某事 doing值得做某事；spendtime(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；havedifficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等) 如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb.from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested indoing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of 4.to作介词的情况lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事； preferdoingsth.todoingsth与…相比较更喜欢…；pay attention to doing注意做某事；be/get used to doingsth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为…做贡献 二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况 1.动词：agree todo同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide todo决定去做某事；hopeto do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做；refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do 想要去做；want todo想要去做某事；learntodo学做；prefertodosth.喜欢（爱）做某事；sb.seemtodo sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth.想做……；used to do sth.过去常做某事 2.句型. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人去做某事 asked sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）
非谓语动词难点汇总
非谓语动词难点汇总
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非谓语动词知识要点概括以及难点和考点分析 1.“非谓语动词”这个名称是什么意思 在做非谓语动词题目之前，首先要搞清楚这个名称的意义。在英语中，很多语法名称在我们中国人的母语中是不存在的，所以，只有我们了解了这个语法的本质，或者说英语中使用这个语法的目的，才能更好的理解和运用这个语法知识。 首先，英语句子从结构上说，大致和中文相差不多，基本上都是“主谓宾”这个顺序，但英语句子和中文句子最大的不同点在于，英语句子里只能有一个谓语动词，而且逗号不能作为分割句子的连词使用。比如这句话：他生病了，他不能来了。在中文中，这句话没有问题，但如果翻译成英语：He is ill, he is not coming.就错了，因为逗号后面没有连词，这句话里出现了两个谓语动词“is”，产生了冲突。如果要修改的话，可以加上连词so，也可以把逗号变成分号（分号等于连词，后面he的首字母还是要小写），也可以索性把逗号变成句号，变成两句话。当然，如果用英语中所特有的技巧来处理的话，可以使用从句，可以改为Because he is ill, he is not coming. 这样操作的话，就等于把一个谓语动词放入了从句中，它就不和主句里的另一个谓语动词形成冲突了。其实这也是“从句”------这个英语中所特有的语法现象存在的道理。这句话最后一种修改方法就是使用非谓语动词，可以改为“Being ill, he is not coming.”。所以各位现在就明白了，非谓语动词这个语法现象存在的意义就是为了使一句英语句子保持只有一个谓语动词。非谓语动词如果能灵活运用，在有些情况下能代替从句（非谓语动词做状语和定语时候，可以代替原来的状语从句和定语从句），可以让句子更加精简。 2.非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词主要可以分为三种形式：1. 分词 2. 动词不定式 3. 动名词。其中，分词又可以分为现在分词和过去分词。它们的具体形式如下： 现在分词：being, doing, having done(现在分词表示主动) 过去分词: done, being done , having been done （过去分词表示被动） 不定式: to do （表示主动）, to be done （表示被动）。某些题目中还会出现to have done/to have been done和to be doing等特殊形式，下面重点解析里会谈到。 动名词：doing（表示主动），being done（表示被动）某些情况下having done和having been done也可以做动名词，下面重点解析里也会谈到。 本质上说，非谓语动词是谓语动词变过来的，具体变化形式如下： 主动被动 谓语动词非谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词 be being do doing be done done be doing doing be being done being done will do to do will be done to be done have done having done have been done having been done
高考英语非谓语动词知识点知识点训练及答案(6)
高考英语非谓语动词知识点知识点训练及答案(6) 一、选择题 1．With the electric map ____ in the car____ the exact position, the driver can drive in the right direction of the destination. A．fixing; showing B．fixed; shown C．fixed; showing D．fixing; show 2．(2015·北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A．Catching B．Caught C．To catch D．Catch 3．By no means ________ when we try to create a global brand. A．the cultural factor is to neglect B．is the cultural factor to neglect C．the cultural factor is to be neglected D．is the cultural factor to be neglected 4．_______a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing. A．Wearing B．To wear C．To be wearing D．Having won 5．I ______ her to the party but I didn’t get her phone number. A．had planned to invite B．have planned to invite C．planned to invite D．was planning to have invited 6．The president promised to keep all the board members _____ of how the negotiations were going on． A．inform B．informing C．be informed D．informed 7．All those ________ the pop singing group cheered, applauding as they sang. A．watched B．was watching C．watching D．to watch 8．The drinking age in Britain is eighteen, but fourteen-year-olds_________ may enter a pub if they order a meal. A．not to accompany B．not to be accompanied C．unaccompanied D．not accompanying 9．After a long journey across the whole of Europe from north to south, they found themselves _________out as well as their clothes. A．wear B．wore C．wearing D．worn 10．I missed the last bus and had no money for a taxi，so I could do nothing but ____ home last night. A．to walking B．walk C．walking D．walked 11．Rose couldn't stand . A．being made fun of B．making fun of C．to make fun of D．being made fun
人教版英语非谓语动词知识点总结含答案百度文库
人教版英语非谓语动词知识点总结含答案百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．— Jane's spoken English is pretty good. — Yeah, she works hard and practices it both in and out of class. A. spoke B. to speak C. speaking 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：--简的口语很好。--是的，她工作很努力，在课堂上和课外经常练习。短语practicedoing sth.练习做某事。故选C。 2．When you leave, please turn off the lights energy. A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：当你离开时请关灯以节约能源。动词不定式表示目的，结合句意，故选B。 3．I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport. A. to pick up B. picking up C. picked up 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】我今天早上早早起床，为了在机场接我的奶奶。短语pick up表示接某人，用动词不定式to do表示目的。根据题意，故选A。 【点评】考查动词不定式。掌握动词不定式做目的状语的用法。 4．— Would you like to go swimming with me, Tom? — Sorry, but our teachers always tell us in the river. A. don't swim B. not swimming C. not to swim D. to not swim 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你愿意和我一起去游泳吗，汤姆？——对不起，但是我们的老师总是告诉我们不要在河里游泳。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案为C。 【点评】考查动词不定式。掌握固定搭配中的不定式的用法。 5．Sue practices ______ the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A. play B. played C. to play D. playing 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：Sue努力练习拉小提琴并经常做精彩演出。Practise doing sth.故答
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结
动词不定式和动名词作主语 一,作主语 ⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首, 不定式作主语侧重于将来特定的某一次, 如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work ③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English. ⒉动名词作主语 (1)把动名词置于句首, 侧重于经常性发生的动作. 如: Learning without practice is no good. 动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如: ①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing… It's no good reading in dim light. It's no use sitting here waiting.
中考英语非谓语动词知识点汇总
中考英语非谓语动词知识点汇总 一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式作宾语。 1)在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish, choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。 I hope ______(hear)from you soon . 2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep. 3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。 After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest . He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work). 2.动词不定式作宾语补。 1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth Please ask him _________(come) quickly. 2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to . He made the baby _______(stop) crying . The baby was made ______ _____ crying. 3.动词不定式作主语 1).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。 To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth