(完整word版)动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题北京四中
北京四中
撰稿老师：黄浩编审老师：蔡正礼责任编辑：丁华
动词不定式的用法讲解及练习题
不定式既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词，形容词和副词的句法功能
否定式：not +不定式
不定式的时态
一般说来，不定式一般式表示的动作有时与限定动词表示的动作同时发生，也有时发生在限定动词表示的动作之后。如：
Who heard him say that?
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again.
不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，通常与限定动词表示的动作同时发生，如：
They are said to be building another bridge across the river.
I happened to be going that way too.
不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前，如：
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.
I am glad to have seen your mother.
不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后，如：
It's nice to hear your voice.
（2）作表语
Her wish is to become an artist.
（3）作宾语
常用于及物动词: want , hope, wish, like, need, hate, offer, prefer, begin, start, attempt, decide, determine, expect, promise, pretend, refuse ,afford, manage, help等之后，如：
You should continue to learn as long as you live.
注1：如果作宾语的不定式又有自己的补语，则须用先行词it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置，如：
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
注2：不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如:but, except等后边才行。此时不定式可以带to或不带to,如：
In very cold winter weather a cold-blooded animal has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
There was nothing left to do but clean the windows.(前边有do, to 省略)
但“疑问词+不定式”结构可以作介词的宾语，如：
I have no idea about what to do next.
（4）作宾语补足语
通常用于及物动词或动词短语：want ,wish, ask, order, beg, tell, permit, know, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, require, call on, wait for 等之后，如：
The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework.
（5）作定语
不定式作定语时，须放在被它修饰的名词或代词之后。被修饰的名词或代词往往是不定式的逻辑宾语。
I have a lot of work to do.
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，又可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。所以如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语作的, 不定式用主动。
试比较：
Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send 的逻辑主语是you)
Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的逻辑主语是已被省略的me或someone else)
I've got letters to write.
He has something to say to you.
（6）作状语
作修饰动词的目的状语
We must do everything we can to help them.
作修饰动词的结果状语
加强意料不到的语气，在表示结果的不定式前还可加only，如：
I went to see him only to find him out.
作修饰表语形容词的状语: 修饰形容词的不定式用主动:
The chair is comfortable to sit in.
作结果状语或程度状语。
too+形容词(或副词)+to do 太-----(以致)不能(做)
It is too dark for us to see anything in the room.
形容词(或副词)+ enough +to do -------足以(做)
Is the boy old enough to go to school?
（7）作独立成分
To tell you the truth
To cut a long story short
To begin with (首先)
不定式的复合结构“for+名词(或代词宾语)+to do sth.”
这种结构中的for本身无意义，for后的名词或代词(宾格)是不定式的逻辑主语
This is for you to decide.
句型1：It is + for sb. to do sth.
句型2：It is + of sb. to do sth.
good, kind, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, rude, impolite, careless, naughty等
不定式省去to的情况
（1）当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to ，后面的不
定式往往把to省去。如：
I wished to finish my homework and (to )get away.
但是，如果是在对照的场合，则不可以省去“to”，如：
It is better to laugh than cry. (wrong)
（2）在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to ,look at和使役动词let, make, have的复合宾语中，不定式须省去to。如：
I am a doctor. Let me examine you.
（3）在help的复合宾语中，不定式可以带to也可以不带to.
He often helps me (to)do my home work.
（4）had better, had best, would rather, would rather--- than, cannot but , --- You'd better remain where you are.
精选练习
Ⅰ、翻译句子
1. ________________________________(保卫祖国) is our sacred duty.
2. It is an honor __________________________(全心全意为人民服务).
3. It was not correct ________________________(那样谈话).
4. It was a mistake ____________________(不继续这项工作).
5. It was stupid _______________________(我没有采纳你的意见).
6. Her wish is ___________________(当一名科学家).
7. Our main task is _________________(努力学习).
8. The main purpose of a camera is ______________(照相).
9. What worries me is ___________________(在会上该说些什么).
10. What I wanted was _______________________(使这项工作尽快完成).
11. I forget ___________________________(在信里提那件事了).
12. Without hesitation Lao Li stopped his truck and helped
_____________________ (把一袋袋的粮食运到安全的地方).
13. Would you like ___________________________(出席这次会议).
14. I'll show you ____________________________(怎样使用计算器).
15. I found ________________________________(不可能使她改变主意).
16. The doctor told _____________________________(病人们好好休息).
17. I didn't expect ______________________________(问题那样复杂).
18. Did you notice ______________________________(有人离开房子吗)?
19. Man must make _______________________________(地球养活更多的人).
20. You must get _________________________________(他今晚到这里来一趟).
21. Do you have __________________________________(什么问题要问)?
22. John Baird found _______________________________(用无线电传送图像的方法).
23. There are ______________________________________(很多事情要谈)
24. He is not _________________________________(只想自己的人).
25. It's time __________________________________(你起床).
26. He was delighted ____________________________(看见她身体这样好).
27. This book is _______________________________(不容易懂).
28. He liked new clothes so much that he spent all his time and all his money ________(为了穿得漂亮).
29. You must speak louder ________________________(以便让大家都听见).
30. She was ______________________________(气得说不出一句话来).
Ⅱ、单项选择
1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.
A. don't
B. not
C. will not
D. not to
2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted.
A. not to have
B. not to take
C. didn't take
D. not to make
3. Tell him _______ the window.
A. to shut not
B. not to shut
C. to not shut
D. not shut
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
5. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C. never driving
D. never drive
6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
7. The workers want us ________ together with them.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
9. I saw him _______ out of the room.
A. go
B. had gone
C. has gone
D. goes
10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
11. I've heard him _______ about you often.
A. spoke
B. speaks
C. speak
12. Though he had often made his little sister _______, today he was made ______by his little sister.
A. cry；to cry
B. crying；crying
C. cry；cry
D. to cry；cry
13. He was made _________.
A. go
B. gone
C. going
D. to go
14. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash
B. washing
C. wash
D. to be washing
15. Paul doesn't have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
16. There're so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _______ to buy.
A. what
B. which
C. how
D. where
17. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know _________.
A. where to choose
B. which to choose
C. to choose what
D. to choose which
18. “ Have you decided when ________?”
“ Yes, tomorrow morning.”
A. to leave
B. to be leaving
C. will you leave
D. are you leaving
19. Last summer I took a course on ________.
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
20. He doesn't know ______ to stay or not.
A. whether
B. if
C. either
D. if he will
21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen
22. --- The light in the office is still on.
--- Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
23. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
A. having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking
25. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.
A. make friend with
B. make friends of
C. make friends
D. make friends with
27. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do
B. doing
C. with
D. to be doing
28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to
B. so as not to
C. so as to not
D. not so as to
30. I need a day or two ________.
A. to think it over
B. to think over
C. of thinking
31. He was too excited _________.
A. speak
B. to speak
C. not to speak
D. speaking
32. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
33. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.
A. doing
B. to do
C. do
D. to be doing
34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
A. ride； ride
B. riding； ride
C. ride； to ride
D. to ride； riding
35. It's freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.
A. had better to
B. had better
C. would better
D. would better to
36. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sit
D. be sat on
37. I'm hungry. Get me something _________.
A. eat
B. to eat
C. eating
D. for eating
38. --- I usually go there by train.
--- Why not _______ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
39. She did nothing _______ at the photo.
A. except look
B. but to look
C. except to look
D. but looking
40. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.
A. spend
B. spare
C. save
D. share
41. They won't let their teacher _______ in that way.
A. to be treated
B. being treated
C. treated
D. be treated
42. John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.
A. to be cleaned
B. to clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
43. The problem _______ at tomorrow's meeting is a very difficult one.
A. being discussed
B. discussed
C. to be discussed
D. to discuss
44. He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.
A. tired； learned
B. tiring； learning
C. to tire； to learn
D. tired； to learn
45. --- Did that book give the information you needed?
--- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.
A. for finding it
B. to find it
C. finding it
D. by finding it
46. I'm sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let's borrow one from Li Ming.
A. to take
B. taking
C. to bring
D. bringing
47. She couldn't decide which restaurant _______.
A. to have lunch
B. to eat
C. to eat at
D. eating at
48. This problem is said _____ three times.
A. to have been talked
B. to have discussed
C. having been discussed
D. to have been talked about
49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.
A. be taken
B. taking
C. to take
D. to have taken
50. I prefer ____ rather than ______.
A. read； watch
B. to read； watch
C. reading； to watch
D. to read； to watch
参考答案：
Ⅰ、
1. To defend our motherland
2. to serve the people heart and soul
3. to talk like that
4. not to go on with the work
5. of me not to take your advice
6. to be a scientist
7. to study hard
8. to take photographs
9. what to say at the meeting
10. to get the work done as quickly as possible
11. to mention it in the letter
12. to carry the sacks of grain to safety
13. to be present at the meeting ( to attend the meeting)
14. how to use the computer
15. it impossible to make her change her mind
16. the patients to take a good rest
17. the problem to be so complicated
18. anyone leave the house
19. the earth support more people
20. him to come over here this evening
21. any question to ask
22. a way to send pictures by wireless
23. a lot of things to talk about
24. a man to think only of himself
25. for you to get up
26. to see her in such good health
27. not easy to understand
28. in order to be well dressed
29. so as to be heard by everybody
30. too angry to say a word
Ⅱ、
1-5 DBBAA 6-10 CCAAA 11-15 CADAB 16-20 BBAAA
21-25 ACCAB 26-30 DACBA 31-35 BCCCB 36-40 BBDAB
41-45 DDCDB 46-50 CCDDB
附：部分题目解析：
1．tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不做某事
2．take sth. for granted “把某事想当然”，是一个固定词组。
Eg. You shouldn't take it for granted that everyone should help you.你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。
4. 不定式的省略要保留到to,否则就完整地表达，如:…but his mother told him not to do so.
5. warn sb. not to do sth. 此处用never替代not.
8. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；risk doing sth.冒险做某事
9. see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事
12. make sb. do 让某人做某事，但用于被动结构后，则要用不定式符号to连接。
16．which 用于有范围中的“哪一个”，此处作buy的宾语。
18．when +to do 做decide的宾语，若用when引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序。
21. pretend to do 假装做某事。
22．forget to do sth. 忘记（要）做某事。
24．should love to be taken to …愿意被带去……
25．因为状语是last night，用不定式的完成式表示本想……
27．go on to do sth. 继续做（与原来不相同的）事。此句可以从the other exercise 断定。
28．stop to do sth. 停下来（去）做……
32．被动语态后用不定式连接，根据句意用完成式。
33．would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事。
34．prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……不愿做……
37．to eat 此处作something 的定语。for +doing多表用途。
38．why not do sth.…“为什么不……”；try doing sth.试一试
39．Do nothing but do sth. 此处用except替代but
40．spare sb. sth.匀出、腾出……，宾语为sb.； share分享，宾语为sth.
41．let sb. do, 此处用的是被动语态
42．get sth. done让某事被做
44．tired此处是过去分词，表示主语的状态。only to learn…此处的不定式表结果。
45．此处的to find it, 表示目的
47．to eat at the restaurant, 介词at不能丢
48．此处使用的是不定式的完成被动式。表示“曾经被讨论过三次”。
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不定代词和动词不定式用法小结
不定代词的用法 1.代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词 2.some与any的区别 1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”，可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式。any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些”，可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式 2）在反问句、疑问句中，表示请求、建议和希望对方得到肯定回答时，多用some. Would you like some beer？你要不要来点啤酒吗？ Why didn’t you buy some sweets？你怎么没买点糖果？ 3）any 用于肯定句时,表示是“任何的” Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。 3）some还有表示“某个”的意思 I’ll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。 3.复合不定代词：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). A：作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Is there anything wrong with your watch?”“No, nothing is wrong with it B：修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面。 This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。 Haven’t you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗？ C：一般来说，当主语是指人的复合代词，如everybody, nobody, anybody 等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they；当前面句子中的复合代词指物，如everything, something, anything, nothing 等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词it。如：Everyone is here, aren’t they? 人都到了，是吗？ Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备好了，是吗？ Somebody is waiting for me at the gate, aren’t they? 有人在门口等我，是吗？ 3.few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 1）few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、a few修饰可数名词或代替可数的事物, little、a little修饰不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。 He is very poor and he has little money. 他很穷,几乎没有什么钱 Don’t worry. There is st ill a little time left. 别着急,还有一点儿时间呢 In that polar region there live few people. 在那个极地地区几乎不住人 You can get a few sweets from him. 你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 I'm a little hungry. Let him sleep a little. 3）quite a few (相当多)only a few (只有几个，几乎没有) 4、all和both, either的用法 1）all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词 All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。 Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生
不定式用法详解
不定式用法详解 定义：在句子中充当除了谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词有三种：不定式，动名词，分词。 注：非谓语动词具有时态和语态的变化，可以同否定词not连用，构成否定形式，可以带宾语，状语，补语。非谓语动词的名词，形容词，副词的特征；可用在句中做主语，宾语，补语，状语，和定语等。 —不定式（原形动词前加to, 构成动词不定式。不定式不做谓语，属于非谓语动词） 不定式的时态，语态 一般式：不定式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生或存在。但多数情况下是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。 e.g :They often watch us play football. (同时) She hopes to go there again. (之后发生) 完成式：不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前。 e.g : I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday 注：1）用在intended, expected, meant, hoped. promised, wanted, planned. wished. thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或计划的等，也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态。 e.g: He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport,but he didn’t get there in time. 他原想去机场接你（事情已经发生），但他没及时赶到那儿。（没接成） e.g: We planned to have done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last month. 我们原计划上个月为贫困的人们作些好事。（没作成）。
动词不定式用法大全
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英语动词不定式的完成式用法小结
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动词不定式用法讲解·优选.
动词不定式的用法讲解 一、动词不定式： 构成：to + 动词原形（to只是不定式符号，没有意义） 动词不定式作主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。 1.It + is/was+形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式 To learn English well is useful. = It’s useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。 To protect environment is important for us. = It’s impor tant for us to protect environment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。 2. It is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 动词不定式 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真的太聪明啦。 3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人…时间) 4.It is a good idea to do sth. 作宾语 1.常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有： want to do sth. decide to do sth. hope to do sth. plan to do sth. offer to do sth. agree to do sth. learn to do sth try to do sth prefer to do sth promise to do sth. need to do sth. expect to do sth. 2. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词+ (for sb.) + to do I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。 He felt it hard to sleep.他觉得很难入睡。 I think it very interesting to learn English. 我认为学英语很有趣。 We found it impossible to cross the river. 我们发现过河是不可能的。 3.特殊疑问词+动词不定式作宾语 Can you tell me how to get to the post office? I didn’t know what to do next.
动词不定式的基本用法
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动词不定式的用法荟萃
动词不定式的用法荟萃 不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。 1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 【例如】 To complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task. To do that implies taking responsibility. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到 谓语的后面。 【例如】 It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages. It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中： a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,
inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋ 不定式 【例如】 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it. b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s du ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...) ＋不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash. It is a pity to have to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people.
英语动词不定式大全
英语动词不定式大全 动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法: 一。带to的不定式结构 1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come 等。 2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如: Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。 二。不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: 1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。 It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如: I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。 3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。 "Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如: Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。 Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。为什么不休
动词不定式用法经典例句总结知识分享
动词不定式用法例句总结
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不定式用法讲解
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动词不定式用法及练习题-L105
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动词不定式用法讲解
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充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”） I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程） 但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. （我看到他们正在争论谁该扫地，并不一定看到了整个过程） 充当状语（目的，原因，结果状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致） I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. （目的状语） I’m sorry to bother you.（原因状语） He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. （结果状语，only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果） 充当定语（不定式作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面） I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. 一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”，有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）时，通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （否定式中“to”不能省略）