高级英语 第二册 lesson 1 课后练习
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English
I. Paraphrase (P. 15)
1. And it is an activity only of humans.(Para1)
And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings.
2. Conversation is not for making a point.
Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.
3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.
In fact those who really enjoy and are skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept their point of view.
4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.
Bar friends are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s lives.
5. …it could still go ignorantly on.
The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.
6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).
These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef.
7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.
The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.
8. …English had come royally into its own.(Para. 13)
The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.
9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.(Para. 15)
The phrase, the King’s English, has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lower classes. (或者The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.)
10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.
There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.
11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, “words will harden into things for us.”
There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.
II. Explain the italicized words in the following sentences. (P. 15-16)
1. …their marriage may be on the rocks…
on the rocks: in a condition of ruin
2. …they got out of bed on the wrong side…
get out of bed on the wrong side: be in a bad temper for the day
3. The conversation was on wings.
on wrings: flying /spirited
4. …the Norman lords of course turned up their noses at it.
turn up one’s nose at: sneer at/scorn for
5. …we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasnat.
into one’s shoes: in another’s position
6. …English had come royally into its own.
come royally into one’s own: to receive what properly belongs to one
7. …we sit up at the vividness of the phrase…
sit up at: become suddenly alert to
III. Translation.
A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.
动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也称不上是谈话。
2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.
闲聊中常有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中不存在输赢胜负。
3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.
或许是由于我年轻时常常光顾英国小酒馆的缘故，我觉得酒馆里的闲聊别有一番韵味。
4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it——she clearly had not come into the bar to say it, it was not something that was pressing on her mind ——but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.
我不记得是什么使我们的一个伙伴提起这个话题——她显然不是特意来酒吧说这事的，那也不是她非说不可的要紧事——但她十分自然地在聊天中说出了这句话。
5. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken.”
每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制定一些条条框框时，总会遭到来自下层人民的抵制。
6. Words are not themselves a reality, but only representations of it, and the King’s English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality.
词语本身并不是现实，它不过是用以表达现实的一种形式而已。标准英语就像诺曼人的盎格鲁式法语一样，也是一种对现实的阶级表达。
7. Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.
让人们学着去规范英语也许不错，但不应当把它作为一条必须执行的法令，也不应当使它完全拒绝来自下层的改变。
8. There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing, or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.
要是有人闲聊时像写文章那样标点分明，或者像写一篇要发表的散文一样咬文嚼字的话，那他一定是个最糟糕的聊天者。
9. When E. M. Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.
看到福斯特笔下写出“当今时代的阴森可怖的长廊”时，其用语之生动性以及由其产生的有力甚至可怖的形象引起了我们的注意。
10. There would have been on conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meaning of “the King’s English.”
那天晚上，如果我们当场弄清了“标准英语”的定义，也就不可能有那一场交谈了。
B. Translate Paragraphs 9-11 into Chinese.
第9段
有人举出了一个人所共知的例子，它至今仍然值得三思。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时，使用法语词汇，而谈到提供此类肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁——撒克逊语（英语单词）。在猪圈里的是猪，饭桌上吃的是猪肉（来自法语porc）。在地里放养的叫牛，餐桌上的叫牛肉（来自法语boeuf）。鸡变成禽肉（法语叫poulet）.牛犊变成小牛肉（法语叫veau）。即使为了避免所谓的高雅，我们的菜单不用法语，但它所用的英语仍然是诺曼式的英语。所有这一切向我们表明在诺曼征服英国后所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。
第10段
耕种土地、喂养牲畜的撒克逊农民吃不起肉，肉都到了诺曼人的餐桌上了。农民只能吃在田野里乱窜的兔子肉。既然这种肉很便宜，诺曼贵族自然不屑去吃。于是兔子肉和兔子用的是一个词，而没有变成法语lapin的某种翻版。
第11段
当我们今天听着关于用两种语言进行教育的争论时，我们应设身处地为当时的撒克逊农民想一想。新的统治阶级用法语来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围建起一道文化屏障。当英国人在“觉醒的赫里沃德”这样的撒克逊领袖带领下起来造反时，他们一定在文化上受到了巨大的羞辱。标准英语——如果那时候有这个词的话——在当时已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。
自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson16doc资料
Lesson Sixteen The Letter “A”(II) 一、词汇 intelligence n. 智力，理解力 apparent adj. 明显的 toe n. （人的）脚趾（finger 手指） kitchen n. 厨房 imprison v. 禁锢，限制 imprisonment n. 禁锢，限制 long v. 渴望 reward v. 报答，回报 open adj. 无遮掩的 triumph n. 胜利，成功 uncertainty n. 不确定，不明确 inside adv. 在里面 glow n. 不刺眼的光，柔和的光 giant adj. 巨人般的，特大的 sum n. 算术题；运算，计算 slate n. （旧时学童用的书写工具）石板 prop v. 支撑 slender adj. 细长的，纤细的 vivid adj. （指光线或颜色）鲜艳的，鲜明的 fascinate v. 使（某人）着迷或极感兴趣 puzzle n. 令人费解的事（或人） useless adj. 无用的 impolitely adv. 不礼貌的，粗鲁的 impulse n. 冲动，一时的念头 scribble n. 潦草的字迹，乱写或乱画的东西 dazed adj. 茫然的 surprised adj. 感到惊讶的，感到惊奇的 aware adj. 意识到，觉察到 stir v. （微微地）动；活动；摇晃 midway adv. 在中途，在中间 tension n. （精神上的）紧张，不安 grip （gripped, gripped） v. 紧抓，紧握 kneel （knelt, knelt） v. 跪下 choke v. （使）难以呼吸 deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地，从容不迫地；故意地 freeze （froze, frozen） v. 使（人）呆住不动的 immobile adj. 静止的，不能移动的 stillness n. 平静，沉默 profound adj. 深的，极度的 ticking n. （指钟等发出）滴答声
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历年全国自考综合英语(一)真题
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―Hiroshima! Everybody off!‖ That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. I did not understand what he was saying. First of all, because he was shouting in Japanese. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. Was I not at the scene of the crime? The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. From the sidewalk outside the station, things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down re-heatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: "Tomo aligato gozayimas." Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops. "Hi! Hi!" said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. "Hi", or something that sounds very much like it, means "yes". "Can you take me to City Hall?" He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi! ’ We se t off at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel. Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way. As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it. At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh, when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. "That is not here, sir," he said in English. "The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners or, the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.‖ He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation. Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal
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