英语写作习题

练习1
I、
1、the（各项均为负。)all of the terms are negative
2、the; a （功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。）the power rating is the maximum power the resistor can safely dissipate without too great a rise in temperature
3、an（这是均方根值伏特计。）this is an rms voltmeter
4、The; a（该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。）the successful design of the equipment requires a detailed knowledge of the performance specifications
5、the; a; a（在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R的圆周运转。）in the bohr model of the hydrogen atom,a single electron revolves around a single proton in a circle of radius R
6、the（电阻的单位是欧姆。）the unit of resistance is the ohm
7、an （这是一个h参数。）this is an h-parameter
8、/; /（图5－1画出了Oersted的实验。）fig.5-1shows oersted’ experiment
9、A; a; a（机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。）a machine is a device for transmitting force to accomplish a definite purpose
10、/（水压机将在第14章加以考虑。）the hydraulic press will be described in chapter 14
11、the; the [/]（我们容易确定参数μ的值。）it is easy to determine a value of the parameter u
12、/; the（根据式（2－1），我们得到以下的关系式。）by eq (2.1)we have a following relation
13、the; /（作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。）the authors work at the university of texas at a arlinton
14、an（甚至当积分区间并不是无穷时，能够恰当地显示一个时函数的傅氏变换的仪器是多么重要啊！）what a important instrument is one that adequately display the fourier transform of a function of time,even when the interval of integration is not infinity!
II、
1.埃米特博2001年毕业于哈佛大学。r. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.
2.李教1998年在西安理工大学获得机械工程博士学位Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’an University of Technology in 1988.
3.现在我们转向讨论一下局域网。Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks
4.Bainbridge 质谱仪是与光谱仪一样重要的仪谱.The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the optical spectrometer.
5.做这个实验需要多长时间How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment? The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume.
6.压力的增加总会引起体积的减少An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.
7.图（2-5）画出了式（2-2）所表示的情况。Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).、
8.电感的单们位是享利。 The unit of inductance is the henry.
III、
1.UASMA协议采用了独特的帧结构The UASMA protocol

employs a unique frame structure.
2.最后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.
3.先应秘密共享系统安全性动态分析和评估。Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharing system
4. 该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒。The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with an arbitrary profile.
5.我们提出了一种基于牛顿迭代法的数值方法。We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.
练习2
I、
1. 该电路由一个电池，一个电感器和一个电容器组成。This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.
2.试计算在a,b,c三点处的电场。 Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.
3.这颗卫星用于美国与英国、法国、意大利之间的通信。 This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.
4.我们假设该天线是垂直的，且其损耗为零。 We assume that the antenna is vertical and that its loss is zero.
5.第6.7,8章论述传输线。 Chapters 6, 7, and 8 deal with transmission lines.
II、
1.其误差变千亿分之六。 Its error is six parts in 1012.
2.这台计算机所储存的信息比那台多3倍。This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).
3. 不久的将来对这种设备的需求量为现在的20倍。The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.
4.这个元件上的电压为零点几伏特。 The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.
5.现在其内部的压力被减少了15倍。 Now its internal pressure is one sixteenth what it was.
III、
1.这个物体比那个物体重4倍多。 This object is over five times heavier than that one is.
2. 除非另有说明，我们假设使用的是硅管，Icbo可以忽略不计。Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used and that ICBO can be neglected.
3. 这个电路的优点是结构简单，容易调整。This circuit has the advantages of simple structure and easy adjustment.
4. 图1、2、3详细地画出了这个过程。Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show this process in detail.
5. 对于进一步的信息，参见文献[3][5][9]For further information, consult references [3, 5, 9].
练习3
I、
1. 这种新型计算要与普通的计算机相比有许多优点。This new type of computer has many advantages over the general type.
2. 解这个微分议程把未知量求出来并不困难。It is not difficult to solve this differential equation for the unknown quantity.
3.在这新的五章中，第一章论述负反馈的基本原理。Of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.
4. 这时，电流与电压相位相差90度。At this point/time, current differs in phase from voltage by

90o.
5.通过分析该 仪器的参数，我们就能够了解它的性能。 By analyzing [By the analysis of] the parameters of the instrument, we can understand its performance.
6.我们要求出它在这一距离上的平均速度。 We will find out its average velocity over this distance.
7. 电子学这门科学在现今世界太重要了。The science of electronics is too important in the world today.
8.他们极为困难地解出了这道题。 They solved this problem with great difficulty.
II、
1. 若x>1,则该方程成立。For x＞1, there is no solution to this equation [this equation has no solution].
2. 在把这些数值代入该方程后，我们得到了下在的表达式。Upon [On] substituting [substitution of] these values into [in] the equation, we obtained the following expression..
3.这个电路的工作情况类似于图1-10的电路。 This circuit is similar in operation to that of Fig. 1-10.
4.这台计算机的性能很好。 This computer is very good in performance.
5. 这些波只向一个方向传播。These waves travel only in one direction.
III、
1. 本文提出了雷达目标的一种新的识别方法。This paper presents a new method for the recognition of radar targets.
2. 目标的运动状态对EKF跟踪精度的影响是非常大的。The influence of the moving state of the target on the tracking accuracy of the EKF is great.
3. 在10月8日早上又发射卫颗通信卫星。Another comsat was launched on the morning of the 8th of October.
4.电压是用伏特来度量的。 Voltage is measured in volts.
5. 他们将赴北京参加移动通信国际会议。They will leave for Beijing to attend an international conference on mobile communication.
6. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used and that ICBO can be neglected.
练习4
I、
1.该力垂直于桌面作用。 The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.
2.这里的三个系数有待于确定。 The three coefficients here remains to be determined.
3.下面两个式子在后面几章将会经常用到。The two equations below will be often (frequently) used in later chapters/in the chapters which follow.
4.这里我们使用相距10厘米的两个金属球。 Here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.
5.输出保持不变。The output remains/stays constant/unchanged/fixed/unaltered/the same.
6. 现有的教科书均讨论了这一问题。All the textbooks available discuss this problem.
7.计算机上于运算准确、速度快而得到了广泛的应用。Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.
8. 这个题的答案看起来是正确的。The answer to this problem looks correct.
9. 我们将使用一段相距离为Q的两根平行导线。Two parallel wires a distance (of)δapart carry the current i.
10. 现在的问题是如何测量这个元件上的电压。The problem now is how to measure the voltage across this com

ponent.
11. 这些数据将被传送到2千米外的计算机中心。These data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.
12.在对上面的那个方程整理后，我们得到了下面的表达式。 Upon rearranging the equation above, we have [get, obtain] the following expression.
13. 这些电荷能与存在的其它电荷相互作用。These charges can interact with other charges present.
14.力可以没有接触而被传递，这与普通的观念相反。Forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common belief.
15. 这个系数的共型值为0.35。This coefficient is typically 0.35.
II、
1. 在这种情况下，输入并不下降，输出也不下降。In this case, the input does not fall; nor [neither] does the output. […; the output does not fall, either.]
2. 导体的电阻不仅取决于制成导体的材料，而且取决于导体的尺寸和温度。The resistance of a conductor depends not only on the material of which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.
3.这些科学家们对该论题很感兴趣。These scientists are very interested in this topic.
4.这个参数几乎不能测出来。 This parameter can hardly be measured.
5. 在这个实验室中，这台仪器比其它任何一台都贵。In this laboratory, this instrument is more expensive than any other one/ any one else.
6. 该设备的特点是体积小，重量轻。The features of this device are small size and light weight.
练习5
I、
1.这个方程我们可以用以下两种方法的任何一种来解。 This equation can be solved in either of the following two ways/the two ways which follow.
2. 这个棒球不久会停下来，是因为它与地面相互作用的缘故。This baseball will soon come to rest because of its interaction with the ground.
3. 我们把这个系数选为1是正确的。Our choice of this coefficient as 1 is correct.
4.从把它定义为力与长度之比，我们可以看出K具有与功相同的单位。 From its definition as the ratio of a force to a length, we can see that k has the same unit as work (does).
5. 我们对该机器的分析是很有意义的。Our analysis of the machine is of great significance.
6. 这有助于把它们用在电路分析中。This facilitates their use in circuit analysis.
II、
1. 这辆警车装备了像火柴盒那样大小的接收机。This police car is equipped with a receiver the size of a matchbox.
2. 人们使用一根丝线的百分之一那样粗细的导线来连接这些部件。Wires one hundredth the diameter of a silk thread are used to connect these components.
3. 我们必须对这些设备进行水冷却。We must water cool these equipments/devices.
4. 在过去，电话是靠接线员来连接的。In the past, telephone calls were operator connected.
5.交流电AC可以被转换成直流电。AC can be changed/turned/converted/transformed/translated into/to DC, a process

called/known as/referred to as rectification.
6. 磁铁能吸引铁质材料，这是大家熟悉的现象。A magnet attracts iron materials, a familiar phenomenon.
7.计算机能够处理信息，而这一过程以前只能在我们的头脑里完成。 Computers are capable of processing information, a process that previously could be accomplished only inside our heads.
8.万用表是测量电流、电压、电阻的仪表，它广泛地用在电气工程中。 An instrument for measuring current, voltage, and resistance, the multimeter is widely used in electrical engineering.
III、
1. 第1.1和1.2节将讨论其它几个问题。Secs. 1.1 and 1.2 will discuss several other problems.
2. 习题列在第1-5页上。Problems are listed/given on pp. 1-5.
3. 在上面的几个式子中，所有的h都是混合参数。In the equations above, all h’s are the hybrid parameters.
4. 标准磅的质量等于0.4535924277千克。The mass of the standard pound is equal to 0.4535924277 kilograms.
5.式5-1中的所有a和b都与阻抗R有关。 All a’s and b’s in Eq. (5-1) are related to the impedance Ro.
6. 我们必须把温度对半导体的影响考虑进去。We must take the effect of temperature on [upon] semiconductors into account.
7. 在这种情况下，输出随输入的变化是很小的。In this case, the variation of output with input is very small.
8. 这一曲线表示出了距离对于速度的依从关系。This curve shows the dependence of distance on/upon speed.
IV、
1.他们都不会解这类特殊的微分方程。 None of them can solve this special type of differential equation.
2. 他们不知道这材料能否承受这么大的力。They do not know whether this material can stand so large a force or not.
3. 共有M个多边形，其每个顶点数均为N。There are M polygons altogether, each of which has N vertexes.
4.这两位工程师在忙于设计一种新的软件。 These two engineers are busy (in) designing a new kind of software.
5.铁的导电性能几乎与铝一样好。 Iron is almost as good a conductor as aluminum.
练习6
I、
1.人们将会注意到，这个像是个实像。This image, it will be noticed, is a real image.
2.我们希望，这个技术问题不久就会解决的。 This technical problem, we hope, will be solved soon.
3. 210 近似为1000. 210 is approximately 1000, a fact that we think is very useful in the study of digital electronics.
4.这里应该使用一个比如说100欧姆的电阻器。 A resistor of say 100 ohms should be used here.
II、
1. 那些教科书均没有提到这一点。 None of those textbooks have/has mentioned this point.
2. 这些X值并非都能满足该方程。 All of these x values cannot satisfy the equation.
3.那两个条件在此均没有得到满足。 Neither of the two conditions is satisfied here.
4. 在前一章，我们讨论了能量。In the preceding/previous chapter, we discussed all kinds of force.
5. 本

文论述了设计飞机的一种新方法。This paper describes a new method for designing aircraft.
6. 到上世纪末，该公司己制造了五千部雷达。By the end of the last century, the company had manufactured 5 000 radars.
7. 自从2008年以来，这个研究所一直在开发一种特殊的机器人。Since 2008, this research institute has been developing a special kind of robot.
III、
1. 在1.2节介绍了力的概念。In Section 1-2, the concept of force was introduced.
2.早在20世纪40年代，人们发现半导体是非常有用的。 As early as the 1940s, it was found that semiconductors are very useful.
3. 这一结果也能够用另一种方法来获得。This result can also be arrived at in another way.
4.当时人们没有使用那一现象。 At that time no use was made of this phenomenon/…, this phenomenon was made no use of.
5. 这一点将在下一章讨论。This point will be dealt with in the next section.
IV、
1. 这台计算机的性能比那台好得多。This computer works much better than that one (does)/This computer is much better in performance than that one (is)..
2. 这台计算机所需的元件数比那台多得多。This computer requires many more components that that one (does).
3.月亮离地球的距离远达25万英里。 The distance of the moon from the earth is as great as 240 000 miles.
4. 电阻越大，电容器达到其最大电压所需的时间越长。The greater the resistance, the longer time it takes for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage/…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.)
5. 小达0.1A的电流不能产生足够的热。The current as small as 0.1 A cannot produce enough heat.
V、
1. 我们容易确定该物体的重量。It is easy for us to determine the weight of the body. 或：We can determine the weight of the body easily.
2. 这两位工程师在忙于设计一种新型的计算机。The two engineers are busy (in) designing a new type of computer.
3. 我们发现这个概念很难解释。We find this concept very difficult to explain.
4. 这些窗户均承受不了这么大的力。None of these windows can withstand so large a force.
5. 功等于力乘以距离。Work equals [is equal to] force multiplied by/times distance.
6. 所得结果与实验数值相吻合。The results obtained agree with the experimental values. [… are in agreement with the experimental values.]
练习7
I、
1. 借助于计算机设计这种飞机只需要几个月的时间。It will take a few months to design this kind of aircraft with the help of a computer.
2. 证明这个表达式成立就留作读者的一个习题。It is left as a problem to [for] the reader to show that this expression holds.
3. 要执行的程序储存在这一单元中。The program to be executed is stored in this unit.
4. 这山谷用作为建坝的基础。This valley acts as the foundation on which to build the dam.
5.

这实验室中有许多种仪表供学生选择。In this laboratory there are many kinds of instrument for students to choose from.
6. 设T0等于零。Let t0 equal/be equal to zero.
7. 目标离得越远，回波返回所需的时间就越长。The farther away the target (is), the longer time it takes for the echo to return.
8. 为使该级数收敛，x必须小于1.For the series to converge, x must be less than 1.
9. 我们发现这个概念很难理解。We find this concept very difficult to understand.
10.这方法使得检测目标容易得多了。 This method makes it much easier to detect targets.
11. 这个因素会影响计算机存储信息的能力。This factor will affect the ability of a computer to store information.
12. 我们得求出使r为多大时才能使该级数收敛。We have to find out how large to make r so as for the series to converge.
13. 这是画画所用的笔。This is a pen to draw pictures with.
14.弹性是物体形变后能恢得原状的趋势。Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original condition after being deformed.
15. 普通物质被说成是电中性的。Ordinary matter is said to be electrically neutral.
16.变一性质使得金属能够被做成任何的形状。This property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.
17. 这张桌子不适宜学生做实验。This table is unfit for a student to do experiments on.
18. 现在我们考虑取什么样的积分路径。Now we consider what path of integration to take.
II、
1.强调指出了光强随圆柱体直径变化的正弦规律。 The sine law of the variation of light intensity with the cylinder diameter has been emphasized.
2.不仅温度和光影响导电率，而且给半导体加杂质也会使导电率变化很大。 Not only do temperature and light affect the conductivity, but the addition of impurities to semiconductors also makes it change greatly.
3. 人们经常发射各种卫星来获得有关太空的信息。 Various satellites are frequently launched to obtain information about/on space.
4. 我们的半导体工业是在20世纪50年代形成的。Our semiconductor industry came into being at the end of the 1950s.
5.我和我的同事们愿对W史密斯教授给予我们的大力帮助表示感谢。 My colleagues and I would like to express our thanks to Professor W. Smith for his great help.
练习8
I、
1. 该放大器放大接收到的信号。The amplifier amplifies the received signals.
2. 运动的分子具有动能。Moving molecules have kinetic energy.
5. Fig. 1 – 3 shows the photo of a freely falling body.
3. 速度等 于距离除以时间。Speed equals distance divided by time.
4. 电压等于电流乘以电阻。Voltage equals/is equal to current multiplied by resistance.
5. 空气阻力随速度的增加而增加。The resistance of air increases with the increased/increasing/an increase in speed.
6. 变压器是由绕在铁芯上的两个

或多个线圈组成的一种装置。A transformer is a device consisting of two or more coils wound on/round an iron core.
7.必须求出流过这个元件上的电流。It is necessary to find out the current flowing through this component.
8.这本书，如果使用得当，对读者是很有帮助的。 This book, properly used, will be of great help to the reader.
9.流过电路的时候，电流会失去一部分能量。 Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of its energy.
10. 若己知时间和速度，我们就能求出距离来。Given/Knowing time and speed, we/one can find out distance.
11.学完这章后，学生们将懂得计算机的原理了。 Having studied this chapter, the student will understand/will have understood the principle of a computer.
12.由于光速极大，我们不能用普通的方法来测量它。 The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.
13.在过去发射了几颗通信卫星，它们都是高空卫星。 Several comsats were launched, all of them (being) high-altitude satellites.
14.英特网被称为“所有网络之母”，它是使用极为广泛的国际网络。 Called “the mother of all networks,” the Internet is a widely used international network.
15.这个力可以分解成两个分量，一个是水平的，另一个是垂直的。This force can be resolved into two components, one (being) horizontal and the other vertical.
II、
1.让我们以原点为圆心作一个半径为R的圆。Let us construct/draw a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R.
2.这个参数应该在E接地的情况下加以测量。This parameter should be measured with E grounded.
3. 若电路中没有电阻，电流就会无限增大。 With no resistance in the circuit, the current will increase indefinitely.
4.由于考虑到这一点，我们编写了这本书。 With this in view, we have written this book.
5.本文介绍了一种新的设计方法，重点放在其原理上。This paper introduces a new design method/technique, with emphasis on its principle.
III、
1.让我们来考虑设计一台计算机。Let us consider designing a computer.
2.我们把这些元件称为是无源的。We refer to these components as being passive.
3.这涉及到取傅氏变换。This involves taking the Fourier transform.
4.对上面的方程整理后，我们得到了以下一个方程组。On/Upon rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set of equations.
5.在使用这个式子时，把哪一个平面看成1是没有关系的。In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered as 1.
IV、
1. 己知电阻和电流，就能计算出电压来。 Given/Knowing resistance and current, one/we can determine/calculate voltage.
2. 这台仪器的价格很昂贵。The price of this instrument is high.
3.机器人是一种特殊的电子设备。 A robot is a special kind of electronic device.
4.

就在我们闭合电路的那一瞬间开始流动。 The current starts flowing at the very moment we close the circuit.
5. 这六个月来他们一直在设计一种新型的计算机。 They have been designing a new type of computer these six months.
练习9
I、
1. 直到引入了一种完全不同的概念，这个问题才得到了解决。The problem was not solved until a completely different method was introduced.
2. 在过了将近一百年之后才由实验证实了亚原子微粒的存在。Nearly 100 years passed before the existence/presence of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment/experimentally.
3. 在发明该设备的那年，爆发了第二次世界大战。The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.
4. 虽然原子很小，它们是由更小的微粒构成的。Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.
5. 这两个电阻应该选择得使该晶体管能正常工作。These two resistors should be selected/chosen so that the transistor can operate normally.
6. 该物体处于这样的状态以至于它能做功。The body is in such a state that it can do work.
II、
1. 电压是电流和电阻之乘积这一关系适用于一切直流电路。The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all the dc circuits.
2. 磁能够产生电流这一发现在电学领域中是极为重要的。The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.
3. 方程式就是两个代数式相等的一种代数陈述。An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.
4. 有证据表明，月球上汉有生命存在。There is evidence that no life exists on the moon.
5. 现在出现了这么个问题，该算法是否实用呢？The question now arises whether the algorithm is of practical use.
6. 在这种情况下，不能保证该级数是收敛的。In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.
7.人们越来越认识到这些方法是很有用的。 There is a growing/increasing awareness that these techniques/methods are very useful.
8. 当时最显著的成就之一是人们认识到了光是由电磁波组成的。One of/Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves.
9. 这是由于在导体中存在有许多自由电子引起的。This is due to/is caused by/results from the fact that there are many free electrons in conductors.
10.除了材料的性质应该包括在分析模型之中外，我们还必须把其它因素考虑进去。 Besides/In addition to the fact that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model, we must take other factors into account.
III、
1.这些特点使电子对抗系统难以截获、分析和干扰这种信号。These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systems to intercept, analyze and jam

this kind of signal.
2. 这些现象的存在及对它们的控制力使得制造那些器件成为了可能。 The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devices possible.
3. 滤波器的齿数变化对滤波器通带性能的影响比结构尺寸变化产生的影响大。 The variation of/in the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variation of/in its dimensions.
4. 标量检测会失去部分相位信息。Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.
5. 图6表示出了本征参数变换法测量散射参数的原理图。Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.
练习10
I、
1. 现在有待于确定该级数何时收敛。Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.
2. 从杜巴梅尔定理可清楚地看出，这个极限是存在的。 It is clear from Dubamel’s Theorem that this limit exists.
3. 由麦克斯韦假设得知，每当电场发生变化时就产生出磁场。 It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field, a magnetic field is produced.
4. 在这种情况下磁铁是否被运动是没有关系的。It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.
5. 温度确定了热传递将朝哪个方向发生。Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.
6. 一切物质是由微粒构成的，这现在已是一个众所周知的事实了。 It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.
II、
1. 发电机所做的是把机械能转变成电能。What a generator does is (to) change mechanical energy into electrical energy.2. 这一章所讲的内容非常重要。 What this chapter describes/What is described in this chapter is of great importance.
3. 物质是能够占有空间的东西。Matter is what can occupy space.4. 在这个实验中我们发现的是电现象这一崭新领域。What we have discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electrical phenomenon.5. 这个方向与假设方向相反。This direction is opposite to what has been assumed. 6. 大小，方向和作用点就是我们所说的一个力的三个要素。 Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.7. 这些数构成了所谓的实数系。These numbers constitute what is known as the real number system.
8. 在下面，我们要熟悉一些基本概念。In what follows, we shall acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts.
III、1. 图7表示出了X波段波导测试系统。 An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或：Fig. 7 shows …].2. 这种方法降低了对采样网络硬件的要求。This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a sample network.3. 根据上面对该多项式分解的分析，就得到了一种新颖的排列。O

n the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novel configuration results. [或：The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.]4. 最后用计算机信真对窗口损耗概率进行了分析。 Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.5. 导出的抯抗矩阵稀疏率高达40%。The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.
练习11
I、1. 我们用来测量一个电阻上的电压的仪表被称为电压表。The meter (that/which) we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called a voltmeter.2. 计算机是人类所曾有过的最有效的助手。Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.3. 现在这种病不再是原来那样的严重问题了。Now this disease is no longer the serious problem (that) it once was.
4. 雷达可测出无线电回波返回所需的时间。Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return.5. 我们必须计算出该物体被提起的距离。We must calculate the distance (that/through which) the body is lifted.6. 一个物体运动的方向也是很重要的。The direction (that/in which) a body moves is also very important.7. 这个质点每秒钟振动的次数被叫做频率。The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency.8. 我们使这两个比值相等，由此得到了最简式。We equate these two ratios, from which the simplest formula follows/results.9. 需要确定y分量降为零的时间。It is necessary to determine the time when/that/at which the y-component has decreased to zero.10. 其每一点的y坐标均为零的曲线就是x轴。The curve the y-coordinate of each point on which is zero is just the x-axis.
II、1. 该圆切割实轴的点处于a=w处。The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where α= ω.2. 重力意思是地球吸引物体的力The force of gravity means the force with which the earth attracts a body.3. 电子在其上面产生图像的显像管的表面称为荧光屏The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.4. 作者要感谢本书所属的那套丛书的编辑们.The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series of which this book is a part/to which this book belongs.5. 这是给定的两个矢量为其边的一个平行四边行。This is a parallelogram of which the two given vectors are/form sides.6. 压强等总的力除以被施加的面积。The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.7. 组成水的两个元素是氢和氧。The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen.8. 这取决于产生电子的效率。This depends on the efficiency with which electrons are produced.9. 这两个定律是建立其它所有定律的基

础。These two laws are the foundation on which all other laws are built.10. 水结冰是建立其它所有定律的基础。The temperature at which water freezes is generally 0oC.
III、1. 如标题所示，本章将讨论非线性方程As the title indicates, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations.2. 顾名思义，流体就是一种容易流动的物质As the name shows, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.3. 这单个力产生的效应与那几个力一起产生的效应相同This single force produces the same effect as is produced by those forces together.4. 现在我们能够解像出现在物理中的这种微分方程了Now we are able to solve such differential equations as occur in physics. 5. 这个功能可以用像在上一节中所描述的全加器来完成This function can be accomplished by using the full adder as was described in the previous section.6. 这些概念使我们能够理解静电学，即人们通常所说的静电中广泛的现象These concepts enable us to understand a wide range of phenomena in electrostatics, or “static electricity,” as it is called.7. 这个电流，正如预料的那样，是十分小的This current is, as predicted, very small,8. 首先让我们来考虑一下如第2页上所示的那个最简单的电路First let us consider the simplest circuit as shown on page 2.
IV、1. 这个值比我们预料的稍高一点This is a slightly higher value than we predicted.2. 这个反应堆能产生比它消耗得多的燃料This reactor can produce more fuel than it consumes. 3. 让我们来考虑一下当力矩为零的情况Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.4. 我们必须确定开关闭合后的电流和电压值We must determine the values of currents and voltages after the switch closes.5. 自从本书首次出版以来的十年间，金属加工业发生了巨大的变化During the ten years since this book was first published, significant changes have taken place/have been seen in metal-making.
V、1. 甚至在这种情况下，这些协议也能为数量有限的用户提供质量可接受的语音服务Even in this case these protocols can provide a limited number of users with the acceptable quality of voice service.2. 本文介绍了8098微控制器与386PC机串行通信的方法This paper presents a method for an 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate with a 386 personal computer.3. 对均衡参数对均衡性能的影响进行了详细的分析The effect of equalizer parameters on equalization performance is analyzed in detail. [A detailed analysis is made of the effect of equalization parameters on equalization performance.]4. Each receiver channel in Fig. 1 contains an RF amplifier, a mixer, an IF amplifier, an A/D converter, etc.（注意：句尾的句号与缩略词“etc.”的黑点重合在一起了）5. 图1中的接收机每个信道包括射频放大器、混频器、中频放大器、A/D转换器等。 The larger the abnormal extent

(is), the larger is the residual mismatch, with the curve going up.练习12
I、
1. be grounded; 2. be carried; 3. be raised; 4. be; 5. not try; 6. be; be satisfied; 7. be; 8. be; was; have; 10. were concentrated; 11. had been; 12. were moving; 13. is going to rain; 14. be; 15. leak
II、1.一旦出现不正常情况，立即关闭电源。 Should anything abnormal happen, switch/turn off the power supply at once/immediately.2.如果当时不使用电子计算机，他们解这个题就要花费很长时间。 Had electronic computers not been used, it would have taken them a long time to solve this problem.3. 在原方程中检验一下所有的解是十分重要的。It is very important that all solutions (should) be checked in the original equation.4.人们建议这个设计应立即加以修改。 It is suggested that this design (should) be modified at once.5. 若没有半导体，卫星通信就不可能了。Without semiconductors, satellite communications would be impossible.6. 我们本来也可以用定理（6）来导出这一结果。We could also have used Theorem (6) to derive the result.7. 能量守恒这一要求必须得到满足。The requirement that energy (should) be conserved must be satisfied.8.这里的每样东西，不论是元件还是设备，均是国产的。 Everything here, be it a component or a device, is home-made.
III、1.是这位科学家在一个世纪前发现了这个现象。 It was this scientist who/that discovered this phenomenon a century ago.2. 钨就是用于电灯里的那种金属。Tungsten is the very metal used in electric lamps.3. 声波通过介质的速度的确取决于介质的性质。The speed with which sound waves move through a medium does depend on the properties of the medium.4. 尚不清楚到底在什么条件下才能使用这个公式。It is not clear yet under what conditions it is that this formula can be used.5. 这一性质我们称之为惯性。This property we call inertia.
IV、1. 作者现在从事于计算机的视觉、图象处理和识别。The author is engaged in the teaching of and the research on computer vision, and image processing and recognition.2. 设P和Q为同阶的两个布尔排列，那么它们的合成是一个新的布尔排列。Let P and Q be two Boolean permutations of the same order, and then their composition is a new Boolean permutation.3. 我们给出了三种算法，这些算法能明显地减少提起画笔的时间，从而提高绘画的效率。Three algorithms are presented, which can remarkably reduce the time to raise the pen, thus raising the drawing efficiency.4.本文所讲的内容对通信工程师来说是很感性兴趣的。 What this paper describes is of great interest to communications engineers.5.本文介绍了用于估算多普勒调频率的最小熵方法，它与经典方法相比具有精度高，计算量小的特点。 The minimum entropy technique for estimating the Doppler frequency rate is presented, whi

ch has the advantages over the classical techniques of high accuracy and a small amount of computation.练习13
I、1. 所谓电动势，指的是当没有电流流动时电池两端的电位差。By electromagnetic force is meant the potential difference across the battery when there is no flow of current.2. 下表列出的是大家熟悉的计算机的各种参数。In the table below/which follows are listed various parameters of familiar computers.3. 元素不能被分解，也不能用化学方法加以拆散。An element cannot be decomposed, nor can it be broken up by chemical methods.4. 只有当x＝8时，这个方程才成立。Only when x = 8, does this equation hold/apply.5. 特别重要的是以下两个概念。Of particular importance/Especially important are the two concepts which follow.6. 这样的集我们称之为数系。Such a set we call the mathematical system.7. 几乎没有人绝对精确地知道这种函数。Rarely does one know this function with precision.8. 电场和磁场之间的这种相互关系使得电磁铁和电动机成为了可能。This interrelationship between electric and magnetic fields makes possible such things as the electromagnet and the electric motor.9. 直到1818年，光的绕射才得到了解释。Not until 1818 was the diffraction of light interpreted/explained.10. 在导线中，电子绝不会从正端流向负端。By no means do electrons move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal in a wire.
II、1.空气阻力的影响在第15章讨论，而加速度随高度的增加而降低则在第17章讨论。 The effect of air resistance is discussed in Chapter 15, and the decrease in acceleration with altitude in Chapter 17.2. 必须求出这个电容器上的电荷和电压。It is necessary to determine the charge on and the voltage across this capacitor.3.在这种情况下，不需要标准，而仅仅需要一个数字习惯。 In this case, no standard is needed, but only a numerical convention.4. 这个电压小于或等于0.4伏。This voltage is greater than or equal to 0.4 volt.5.阴极受热时能够发射电子。 The cathode, when heated, emits electrons.6. 每个物体，不论受到加速与否，均被认为是处于平衡状态。Every body, whether accelerated or not, is considered (to be) in equilibrium. 7. 如果需要，该导线将涂有某种绝缘物。If necessary, the wire will be covered with some insulation.8. 该晶体管把它的材料排列成p-n-p的，因而得到了pnp晶体管这一名称。The transistor has its materials arranged p-n-p, hence the name pnp transistor.
III、1.（本文）对该设备的性能作了初步的分析。 An initial analysis is made of the performance of the device.2. 磁场是在磁铁周围、由磁力线所占据的空间。The magnetic field is the space around a magnet occupied by the magnetic lines of force.3. 这就导致了该模型中的电池电压为500毫伏。This leads to the battery voltage in the m

odel of 500 mV.4. 这曲线图表示了电阻器的电阻随频率的变化情况。This graph shows the variation with frequency of the resistance of the resistor.5. 这造成了降落在大地上的一半以上的水直接返回到了大气层。This is responsible for the direct return to the atmosphere of more than half the water that falls on the land.6. 现在出现了这个问题：如何能确定这些未知数呢？The question now arises how these unknowns can be determined.7.必须确定改变周围温度对该器件的影响。It is necessary to determine the effect on the device of changing the ambient temperature.8.已经作出假设：在测试期间压力总是保持不变。 The assumption has been made that the pressure always remains constant during the test.
IV、1.模拟结果表明，所有这两种方案是容易实现的。 The simulation results show that both the schemes are easy to implement.2. 本文提出的模型及算法比传统的BP算法在性能上有一定的优越性。The model and algorithm proposed in this paper are to a certain degree/extent superior in performance to the conventional BP algorithm.3. 本文提出了估算频率偏移量的一种新方法，其精度高，计算量少。 A new technique for estimating the frequency deviation is proposed which gives a high accuracy and requires a small amount of computation.4. 利用超分辩率方法来提高在ISAR成像中距离调整的精度（论文标题）Improvement of the accuracy of range alignment in ISAR imaging (by) using the super resolution technique5. 对密码编码器中的DTMF的研究及实现（论文标题）Research on and the realization of DTMF in a Cipher Coder6.石英扰性加速度计抗恶劣环境能力的分析。（论文标题） Analysis of the ability of a quartz flexibility accelerometer to resist bad environment