汽车噪声翻译

汽车噪声翻译
汽车噪声翻译

摘要

车厢发出的噪音是影响乘客乘车品质的一个重要因素。在各种不同的车厢噪音问题中,经结构传送的类似轰隆声的噪音会严重影响到车厢内部的声音。

本文将集中研究一台全地形牵引车厢内的噪音问题。牵引车车厢内部是典型的轻量结构,当发动机振动时,就会发出很强的噪音。由于车厢内部结构的复杂性,仅仅对车厢内经结构传送的噪音,尤其是低频率的噪音进行理论性的分析是不可行的。因此,本文采用了一种数值分析法——有限元法对车厢噪音进行分析。

本文采用有限元法来预估车厢内部的噪音。同时,也会对声音的共振腔以及共振频率进行评估和鉴别。在以调查研究经结构传送的噪音的基础上,本文研究发现,一个结构声的有限元模型能够计算出车厢内部与外部空气流动的相互作用。在相应的外部刺激下,可以获得车厢内部的噪音声级,并且能鉴别出在这个声级范围内达到噪声峰值时的频率。本文也量化了声吸收、结构衰减、附加质量和结构加固对车厢内声波响应的影响。同时还会讨论到控制车厢内部噪声的措施。

Chapter 1

1.1

长期以来,降低车厢内部的噪音声级都是一项富有难度的任务。减小噪音的动机来源于一百多年前从汽车问世开始人们对舒适的车

内乘坐环境的需求。而今天不仅是社会法律法规对限制机动车辆噪音有明确的要求,同时激烈的市场竞争更迫使设计者们将车厢内的声音环境设计得更加舒适。降低噪音同时体现在经结构传送和经空气传送的声音,尤其是低频率的声音。减小噪音的复杂性缘于要同时考虑到很多与噪声音的因素,比如外部振动的刺激、声源以及振动结构的响应等。由于对振动的刺激更加敏感,轻量级的机动车辆往往会出现车厢内部的噪音问题。

控制车厢噪音的技术可以归为两类:主动性噪音控制和被动性噪音控制。主动性噪音控制利用声源产生第二声场——波长关系来干扰最初不需要的声场。然而这种控制方法只能在低频率的声场产生明显作用。对声场特性定位观测的复杂性是限制主动性噪音控制可行的最主要因素,也是该方法一个多世纪以来并未被广泛运用的原因。被动性噪音控制则是主要的控制车厢内部噪音的方法。与主动性噪音控制法不同的是,它并没有集中于声场的某个目标位置,而是重点限制声源的发散和传播,从而使传到接收者耳中的声能得到控制。在超过1000赫兹的高频率范围内,被动性噪音控制法体现出了很大的优势,它的运用建立在吸音材料的厚度和波长之间的关系基础上。一般来说,如果吸音材料层比四分之一波长厚就能有效的降低噪声。低频率范围内的声音波长通常有几米或更长。由于车厢容积的局限性,在车厢中使用很厚的吸音材料控制低频率噪音是不可行的。因此,工程师和设计者们将重点转向减小车身的振动,从而对车厢内部低频率噪声产生了很大的作用。总体来讲,车厢内部低频率的噪音,也就是经结

构传送的噪音是因为受到了车身振动的刺激。而结合不同车身结构的动态特性予以相应的调整就能更有效的实现对车厢内部低频率噪音的控制。

经结构传送的噪音是指实体结构振动而产生的噪声,比如车厢的金属壳层和悬架等。这样的振动会导致空气流动介质中压力的变化从而发出噪音。这类噪声的衰减需要一个阻尼弹性系统在振动源和接收者之间产生干扰。另一方面,经空气传送的噪音产生于空气容积的变化和媒介空气压力的波动。这类噪音基本靠空气传送并且能通过在声源和声音接收者之间设置障碍得以减弱。

以上两种车厢噪音通常都会同时存在,二者可以通过不同的频率特征来区分。引擎、汽车传送的振动和道路不平导致的车身振动都会产生经结构传送的噪音。发动机汽缸的燃烧,流动的风与运转的车身之间碰撞,以及车轮与路面的摩擦是产生经空气传送的噪音的主要因素。这类噪音通常是中高频率范围的典型。而经结构传送的噪音主要被列入低频率的范围。因此,被动性噪音控制可以采用吸音材料来降低经空气传送的噪声,而经结构传送的噪音的减弱还需要结构的优化。

1.2

当机动力传动系部件主要结构的激发点级别达到了250赫兹的频率,通常低于250赫兹是车辆主要的经结构传送的噪声的频率。事实上研究人员已通过实验证实机动车辆中经结构传送的噪声频率通常

低于250赫兹,而经空气传送的噪音则高于400赫兹。因路面状况引起的振动通常会产生低于25赫兹的经结构传送的噪音。总的来说,除了崎岖不平的路面以外,通常因汽车发动机振动产生的噪音频率都高于与路面摩擦产生的噪音。车厢内部经结构传送的噪音主要是由不同的发动机和声引起的车身共振而产生的。

修改和调整结构可以降低声音响应的程度。一个振动系统中振幅的响应取决于外在的刺激以及系统的动态特性。车厢主体是一个复杂的振动系统,同时作为发出所有声能来源,它也是噪音控制最重要的部分。因此车辆的设计对于车厢内部噪音的控制起着至关重要的作用。车身结构模式的改变能够降低噪音的声级。而降低的多少取决于车身的结构特性(质量、硬度和阻尼)以及噪音的光谱特征。然而目前还无法设想出任何简单的实践性技术,还需要更具体的分析来决定是否会运用一项或几项措施来降低特定的车厢内部经结构传送的噪音。

1.3

该论文的目的包括评估全地形牵引车车厢的噪音并研究降低噪音的有效措施。每个噪声室都有自己独特的结构与动态特性,这就是为什么没有一个简单的普适的声学设计的原因。由于车厢结构的复杂性,单纯的理论分析是行不通的,这就需要引入数字化的实验分析,结构声学是驾驶室降噪的必修课程,解释结构和流体这两个不同的工程领域之间的相互关系是我们所要面临的一大挑战,FE技术已被证

实在研究这两个发面是比较有效的方法,在这种理论中,一个世界领先的FE技术软件ANSYS软件(一种商业软件,由ANSYS等人合作设计于1970年)是一个强有力的实现从多方面分析的程序软件。

这种方法包括三个步骤,首先:建立一个只含空气流体元素的三维模型,用于分析驾驶室内的空气的共振频率情况,这能帮助确定空腔里的空气共振在目标频率范围内是否会增大车内噪音。第二:在激发的谐波下分析结构声学模型,用于考虑驾驶室结构和内部空气流体之间的关系。第三:发掘潜在内部结构负载噪声的降噪措施。Chapter 2

2.1

这个章节主要归纳前人在以下几个基本方面的所做的研究贡献;第一:结构声学的理论发展。第二:两种主要用于解决结构声学的技术;有限元模型法(FEM),边界元模型法(BEM)。第三:对当地材料性能的研究工作;比如,材料的刚度,强度,及材料的阻尼性能等都影响结构声学的具体表现。

2.2

结构声学的理论发展

声构学是研究流构学之间相互联系的一个分支课题,流体与结构之间的内在联系是气动力弹性学领域内被最感兴趣的主要研究方向,气动力弹性学的定义如下:没有飞行器的结构是完全精确的,所以当其遭受航空阻力的时候,会发生小量的变形,这种影响是非常重要的,因为任何小的形状变形在高速的情况下都会导致航空阻力的变化,从

而导致更大的偏差和更大的负载变化,这种恶性的循环,会很快的演变出一些航空现象,比如,摇晃与机翼折断,[https://www.360docs.net/doc/1817516465.html,.2005]。这种航空现象在飞船上的影响远比在高速旅行飞机的上的影响重要的多,然而,研究者发现潜在的流体与结构之间的影响,能够运用到宇宙飞船的声学设计上。

很多的科学家与研究员都致力于结构声学现象。基于传统的机械与振动理论,结构负荷噪声可以描述为一系列局部不等方程式。比如,像一些的弯曲,在一些简单的悬臂梁和金属板上,这种分析方法可以实现功效,[Moster, 2004],从1960年以来,花了很大的力气去把气动力学运用在航天飞船的声学设计上。在1963年Dowell和Voss两人断定,空腔是影响航天飞船稳定性的潜在因素,同年Lyon发表了用封闭空间降噪的文章,[Nfska et al.1982].这迅速的引起了其他的研究。Guy和Bhattarcharya[1973]研究影响的一个灵活的有限有限腔支持小组发射声音通过小组。随后,Dowell et al[197]在内部噪声领域发展了一种综合的理论模型,这创造了柔性运动所产生的外部声场。

汽车专业英语翻译综合

第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类:车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备,常见的类型是内燃机,其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类:汽油机(点燃式)和柴油机(压燃式),都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升,产生的能量驱动轴旋转,并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器(对应机械变速器)或液力变矩器(对应液力自动变速器)、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接,制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上,连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接,使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体,这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气:气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸,排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机,从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中,一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15

汽车专业英语翻译

About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中,汽车发动机是最复杂的组件,其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上,按动力来源分发动机有很多种,如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样,内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧,通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的(往复)直线运动。然而这种(往复)直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接,这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐,从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承,称之为连杆轴承,类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体,称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统:水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体,称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套,节温器,水泵,散热器,散热器罩,风扇,风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off

汽车专业英语翻译

Unit1 发动机是汽车的心脏。汽车引擎的目的是将燃料转化为能量使汽车移动。最简单的方法是在发动机内部燃烧燃料。,因此,汽车发动机是一种内燃机,缸内燃烧燃料和燃烧的扩张力量转换成旋转力用来驱动汽车。 这里有多种类型的内燃机分为往复式和旋转式引擎;火花式点火或压缩式点火发动机;代用燃料发动机。 往复式发动机 最熟悉的组合是往复式,火花点火,四冲程汽油发动机,如图1-1a所示。现代汽车通常是由水冷活塞式内燃机,安装在汽车的前面,它的力量可以被传送到前轮,传到后轮,或所有车轮轮。一些汽车使用风冷式发动机,但这些通常效率不及液冷式。往复式发动机的另一个主要类型是柴油发动机(如图果1-1b所示),这是使用重型车辆,如卡车,公共汽车和少数家庭轿车。柴油和汽油发动机一般采用四冲程循环。 转子式发动机 转子式内发动机,也叫汪克尔发动机,由德国的Felix~Wankel在1954年开发的,可以提供一种低废气排放和大规模生产的可行性的发动机来替代往复式发动机机。在这种发动机中,三面转子在燃烧室的自由空间内旋转使其随着转子转动压缩和膨胀,见图1 - 2。燃料被吸入、压缩和被点火系统的点燃。膨胀的气体带动转子然后废气排出,如图1 - 3所示。旋转式引擎没有气门,活塞,连杆,往复部件,或曲轴。它提高了马力,基本上不会有震动,但它的油耗是高于传统活塞式发动机。 代用燃料汽车 内燃机消耗大量的石油,并造成严重的空气污染,因此,其他类型的燃料和非常规引擎被研究和发展。 可替代燃料汽车(AFV)是一种用常见的油箱的柔性燃料车辆,设计一种在不同混合的无铅汽油与乙醇或双燃料汽车运行,一种可使用替代燃料和传统燃料。一种高科技车辆(A TV)结合了新引擎,动力传动机构,传动系系统显著提高燃油经济性。最理想的替代燃料发动机燃烧燃料比传统汽油内燃机更为简洁,但仍然能够使用现有的加油站。 混合动力电动车 混合动力汽车或者混合电动汽车(HEV)(如图1 - 4所示),是由两个或两个以上的能源,其中之一是电力可以高英里每加仑,低排放。有两种类型的混合动力汽车,串联和并联式。在串联式电动汽车中,车辆动力所有动力来自同一个源头。例如,一个电动马达驱动的汽车电池和内燃机驱动发电机给电池充电。在并联混合动力,电力是通过这两个路径,电动机和内燃机驱动车辆。这一点,可能有助于电力汽车的电动发动机空转和加速度。内燃机巡航时,驱动传动系和给电池充电。 在当前生产混合动力车发动机和电动马达连接,同样的传播协助下电动引擎可以更小。

汽车专业英语课文翻译4

Fuel Supply System of Gasoline Engine(UNIT SEVEN) All the gasoline engines have substantially identical fuel systems and run on a mixture consisting of fuel vapor and air. The fuel system comprises the units designed to store, clear and deliver fuel, the units intended to clean air and a unit for preparing a mixture from fuel vapor and air. In a fuel system different components are used to supply fuel from the fuel tank into the engine cylinder. Some of the important components are fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, carburetor, intake manifold and fuellines or tubes connecting the tank, pump and the carburetor. The fuel tank is a fuel container used for storing fuel. It is made of sheet metal. It is attached to the vehicle frame with metal traps and is located at the rear of the vehicle. They are mounted in a boot or boot-floor pan in case of front-engined cars and small commercial vehicles. In order to strengthen the tank as well as to prevent surging of fuel when the vehicle rounds a curve of suddenly stops, baffle plates are attached to the inside of the tank. A cap is used to close the filler opening of the tank. The fuel line is attached at or near the bottom of the tank with a filtering element placed at the connection. The other components of the fuel tank are the fuel gauge sending unit, a vent pipe, receiving unit. To prevent the dirt and water from entering the luggage compartment, a sealing strip is fitted between the fuel tank and boot floor pan. Moreover to limit the transmission of frame distortion to the tank giving rise to squeaking as the metal parts get rubbed together, rubber or felt pads are often fitted between the mountings and the tank. Provision is also made against drumming of the tank by these mountings. The tank may be placed at the side of the chassis frame for convenience in case of large commercial vehicles. The length of the connecting lines or tubes from the tank to the carburetor is also restricted by this at the same time. A porous filter is attached to the outlet lines. By drawing fuel from the tank through the filter, any water in the bottom of the tank as well as any dirt into the fuel gathers on the surface of the filter. To keep the fuel always under atmospheric pressure, the filter pipe or tank is vented. In order to prevent dirt in the fuel from entering the fuel pump or carburetor, fuel filters and screens are used in the fuel system. If the dirt is not removed from the fuel, the normal operation of these units will be prevented. The engine performance will also be reduced.

汽车专业英语_单词表

unit1 body 车身chassis 底盘enclosure外壳、套hood车棚、车顶sway 摇摆frame车架steering转向、操作brake 制动weld焊接rivet铆钉bolt螺钉washer垫圈vibration 振动stabilizer稳定器ride乘坐舒适性handling操作稳定性linkages转向传动机构plier钳子distributor分电器alternator交流发电机regulator调节器carburetor化油器radiator散热器、水箱defroster除冰装置sludge金属碎屑transmission变速器differential 差速器power train 传动系unitized body 承载式车身suspension system 悬架系统steering system 转向系braking system 制动系shock absorbers减震器control arms控制臂steering wheel 转向盘steering column转向管柱steering gears 转向器tie rod 横拉杆idler arm随动臂brake shoe制动蹄disc brake 盘式制动器drum brakes 鼓式制动器ignition system 点火系统exhaust system 排气系统lubrication system 润滑系oil filters 机油滤清器drive(or propeller)shaft传动轴universal joints 万向节dynamo发电机horn喇叭swived 旋转steering box转向器timing gear 正时齿轮bevel gear 锥齿轮mesh with与啮合leaf spring 钢板弹簧stub axle 转向节 unit2 longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的reciprocate往复spin旋转piston活塞ignite点火rub摩擦quart夸脱reservoir油箱mechanical机械的enclosed被附上的gallon加仑stroke冲程camshaft凸轮轴combustion燃烧disengaged脱离啮合的flywheel飞轮internal-combustion engine内燃机diesel-fuel柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气体CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气spark ignition火花点火compression ignition压缩点火spark plug火花塞gas-turbine engine蒸汽机Stirling engine斯特灵发动机lubricating system润滑系统oil pan油底壳oil pump机油泵exhaust system排气系统emission-control system排放控制系统energy conversion能量转换air/fuel ratio空燃比connecting rod连杆TDC=Top Dead Center上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点intake stroke进气冲程compression stroke压缩冲程power stroke作功冲程exhaust stroke排气冲程compression ratio压缩比lifter挺柱rocker摇臂retainer弹簧座seal密封件tappet 推杆lobe凸起gasket垫圈valve train配气机构cam follower气门挺柱rocker arm摇臂combustion chamber燃烧室intake valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀valve stem气门杆valve cover气门室盖valve port阀口valve guide气门导管 unit3

汽车专业英语翻译

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 引擎燃烧室 1. principle of operation 原理 Engine and power : Engine is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with the power chamber. ,the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine. Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power. 译: 引擎和能量: 引擎为汽车提供能量,燃料的化学能通过燃烧,转化为热能,这个过程叫燃烧。假如燃烧在燃烧室,这样的发动机叫内燃机。假如燃烧在气缸外,这样的发动机叫外燃机。 用在汽车上的一般是内燃机,热能在燃烧室释放,燃烧室气体温度升高。气体温度的升高使气体的压力曾加,燃烧室内的高压气体作用在活塞头部产生可以利用的化学能,化学能转化为机械能。 Engine T erms : Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke “uses up” the gas , so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture :this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves ;an inlet valve allows the new mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job. Engine terms are : TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft. BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft. Stroke : the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. Bore : the internal diameter of the cylinder. Swept volume : the volume between TDC and BDC Engine capacity : this is the swept volume of all the cylinder e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm. Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)\(clearance vol) Two-stroke : a power stroke every revolution of the crank.

汽车专业英语课文翻译1

Types of Automobiles(UNITTWO) 汽车的类型 The automobile industry is a fast developing industry. Form the later 18th century when the first automobile was put on road, this industry has developed tremendously. Now there are thousands of factories all over the world manufacturing numerous types of automobiles. This industry employs crores of men and women directly and indirectly in allied industries. The automobile engines are also being used in engine powered machines for agriculture, construction and manufacturing processes. Various types of small engines are also being used in lawn movers, power saws, snow removers and similar equipment. The automobile industry is a developing and demanding industry which does not find its end or saturation point. There is a great demand for varied types of automotive products, vehicles and engines. There is also a great demand for trained and experienced persons in this industry for diagnosing motor vehicle troubles, repairing and replacing engines components, transmissions, propeller shafts, differentials, axles, steering system components, brake system components, suspension components, air conditioners, heaters, body and glass work. 汽车产业是一个迅速发展的行业。形成后18世纪当第一汽车被放在路,这个行业的发展极大。现在有成千上万的工厂世界各地制造许多类型的汽车。这个行业雇佣了卢比的男性和女性直接和间接地在盟军的产业。汽车引擎也被用于发动机动力机器为农业、建筑业和制造业的过程。各种类型的小引擎也被用于草坪搬家公司,电锯,雪消毒剂和类似的设备。汽车行业是一个发展中国家和要求行业没有找到它的结尾或饱和点。有大量需要不同类型的汽车产品,汽车和发动机。还有一个巨大的需求训练和经验丰富的人在这个行业对诊断机动车麻烦、维修和更换引擎组件、变速箱、螺旋桨轴、差异、轴、转向系统组件,制动系统组件,悬挂组件、空调、热水器、身体和玻璃的工作。 There are numerous types of automobiles used in the world. There are in general three main classifications of the various types of vehicles. 有许多类型的汽车在世界上使用。一般有三种主要分类的各种类型的车辆。 The single-unit vehicles or load carriers. 车辆的单件或负载运营商。 Articulated vehicles. 铰接车辆。 The heavy tractor vehicles. 沉重的拖拉机车辆。 Single-unit vehicles are of conventional four-wheel type. The great majority of vehicles are of two axle design, In these vehicles the front axle is a steering non-driving axle and the rear axle is the driving axle. With the passage of time, a great many changes have taken place in the number of axles and the driving arrangements. 单一制车辆四轮类型的传统。绝大多数的车辆被两个轴的设计,在这些车辆前轴是转向非驱动轴和后轴驱动轴。随着时间的流逝,许多变化已经发生轴的数量和驾驶的安排。 In this classification, digital terms like 4×2, 4×4, 6×4etc,are commonly used. The first figure denotes the total number of wheels and the second figure the number of driving wheels. 在这个分类、数字术语像4×2、4×4、6×4等,被普遍使用。第一个图表示轮子的总数和第二

汽车专业英语课程标准

《汽车专业英语》课程标准 一.课程性质与任务 《汽车专业英语》是汽车技术服务与营销专业的一门专业必修课程。随着中国汽车工业的飞速发展,有越来越多的外商进入中国市场,大量的国外汽车信息及汽车资料以及与外商、客户的交流对于我们汽车技术服务与营销专业来说尤为重要,这就需要我们了解、精通、掌握汽车专业通用语言——汽车专业英语。 本课程的主要任务是:本课程针对汽车销售实践中可能遇到的英文资料的类型,如整车性能特点、各系统零部件名称、车主手册等选用有代表性的实例,用英汉对照讲解,并将相关口语交流揉合在实例中,以培养学生汽车专业英文资料的理解能力,并能够用英语进行实际的交流并销售汽车。 二.课程设计思路 近年来,随着经济全球化的日益深入和汽车工业的不断发展,我国人民消费水平的提高以及汽车保有量的逐年增加,进口汽车大量涌入。同时,国内汽车制造业零部件的本土化比例也在不断提升,汽车技术正在迅速地与国际接轨,这就要求汽车专业人员必须具备汽车专业英文资料的阅读理解能力,为此,编者编写了这本《汽车专业英语》。。 本书以实用和交际为目的,把汽车知识和英语技能结合起来,既可供汽车专业人士和管理营销人士阅读和学习,也可作为职业院校学习汽车英语时的教材。本书在选材方面力求涉及面广,既涉及汽车的

发展、文化、环保和安全等方面的科普知识,又涵盖了汽车发动机、底盘等汽车专业知识。把高职高专基础英语教学内容和汽车专业英语课程内容进行科学合理的整合,将常用和实用的专业知识渗透到基础英语中。 每个单元由四个部分组成: (1)听说部分; (2)对话部分; (3)阅读部分(含三篇课文); (4)相关专业词汇和短语部分。 对话部分涉及汽车销售及售后领域,主要包括客户接待、汽车介绍、价格协商、支付方式、汽车维修等方面;本书阅读部分题材新颖,取材于最新报刊、杂志。 三.课程内容 章节内容建议课时Unit1 TheVehicleworld 4 Unit2 HistoryofAutomobiles 4 Unit3 FamousCars 4 Unit4 CelebritiesintheAutoWorld 4 Unit5 LogosofAutomobiles 4 Unit6 TheProductionofAutomobiles 4 Unit7 TheLifeoftheAutomobiles 4 Unit8 AutomotivePollutionControlandFuel-efficiency 4

武汉理工大学汽车专业英语复习题及答案

汽车专业英语复习题 名词翻译: 1、活塞环 piston ring 2、电控系统electronic control system 3、里程表speedometer 4、发动机排量engine capacity 5、自动变速器automatic transmission 6、机油表oil gauge 7、方向盘steering wheel 8、做功冲程power stroke 9、exhaust gas废气 10. electric current电流 11. high gear高速档 12. automobile dealing汽车贸易 13. sports car 跑车 14. instrument panel仪表板 15. accelerator pedal加速踏板 16. physical property 物理性能 17、电子燃油计量系统electronic fuel metering system 18、减速slow down 19、刹车蹄brake shoe 20、General Motor 通用 21、wheel drum 车轮毂 22、TDC 上止点 23、BDC 下止点 翻译(中译英): 上海汽车工业总公司已与德国大众和美国通用两大汽车公司建立了合资公司。 The Shanghai Auto Industry Corportion has established joint ventures with German V olkswagen and American General Motors. 四冲程发动机—曲柄旋转两圈做功一次。 Four stroke —a power stroke every other revolution of the crank. 液体冷却系由水泵、水套、发动机风扇、散热器等组成。 The liquid cooling system consists of water pumps,water jackets,engine fan ,radiator and so on. 在仪表板上,我们能看见几个显示发动机运转情况的仪表。

汽车专业英语部分翻译

(6)Maintain correct viscosity (free flowing at all temperatures). 保持正确的粘度(在所有温度下自由流动)。 When the brake fluid boils, it becomes vapor. A vapor can be compressed, but a liquid cannot be compressed. Pressing on the brake pedal will compress the vapor in the lines instead of transferring the pressure through the fluid. This can lead to partial or complete braking system failure, sometimes called brake pedal fade. Mountain driving puts increased duty on brakes and brake fluid. The boiling point drops at high altitude. This naturally increases the tendency towards vapor lock. In fact, vapor lock in the hydraulic braking system is the primary reason for brake pedal fade. 当制动液沸腾时,它变成蒸汽。可以压缩蒸汽,但不能压缩液体。按压制动踏板将压缩管线中的蒸汽,而不是将压力传递通过流体。这可能导致部分或完全制动系统故障,有时称为制动踏板褪色。山地驾驶增加了刹车和制动液的使用。沸点在高海拔下降。这自然增加了气体锁定的趋势。事实上,液压制动系统中的汽油锁是制动踏板褪色的主要原因。 Vehicle manufacturers recommend brake fluid that meets or exceeds SAE (Societyof Automotive Engineers)andDOT (Department of Transportation) specifications. 车辆制造商推荐符合或超过SAE(汽车工程师协会)和DOT(运输部)规格的制动液。 Standard brake fluid (DOT 3) is composed chiefly of equal parts of alcohol and castor oil. This combination of fluids works well under normal conditions but it easily boils and becomes a vapor under heavy-duty applications. It also tends to separate when exposed to low temperatures. 标准制动液(DOT 3)主要由酒精和蓖麻油组成。这种流体组合在正常条件下工作良好,但在重载应用下容易沸腾并成为蒸气。暴露于低温时也容易分离。The increasing requirements of brake fluid led to the development of silicone brake fluid,such as DOT 5. This fluid achieved low water pickup and good corrosion protection and also provides good lubrication qualities and rubber compatibility. 制动液的要求越来越高,导致了DOT 5等硅胶制动液的开发。该液体实现了低吸水率和良好的防腐蚀性能,并且还具有良好的润滑性能和橡胶相容性。 5.Brake valves 5.闸阀 There are typically five types of valves in vehicle braking system to adjust the braking force distribution. 车辆制动系统中通常有五种类型的阀门来调节制动力分布。 (1)Metering valve (1)计量阀 Most vehicles that have front disc and rear drum brakes are equipped with metering valve. This metering valve controls, or delays the flow of brake fluid to the front brakes. The rear drum brakes take longer to respond than the front disc brakes. The valve ensures that front disc brake do not act before the rear drum brake. The delays is long enough to allow the rear drum brakes time to react. This delay is particularly necessary during light braking and on slick road surfaces.

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