高考英语复习专题五、阅读7选5解题技巧剖析(附强化训练及解析)

备战2020高考英语复习

专题五、阅读7选5 解题技巧剖析

命题方向点播：七选五是一类完成性阅读，在题型上和完形填空很类似，不同之处在于一完形填空是选词，而七选五是选句子。七选五不仅考察同学们的阅读理解能力，更是考察了对文章结构的完整性的把握，在历年高考中都占了10分，是一个不可忽视的题目。

一、七选五解题方法：

解题时，同学们要在理解文章整体的情况下，充分考虑语境和空格前后的句子，注意句子之间的逻辑联系，尤其要学会把握信息词（选项中出现的与文章中相同或相近的词），站在作者的写作立场，快速准确的选出最符合文章原意的答案。

具体可以分为以下步骤：

1.快速浏览选项，并勾画出选项中的关键词汇，比如：指示代词、连接词和转折词等。

2.回到短文，细读首段和空格前后的句子，分析句子，并联系上下文，了解文章大意，

为以后的理解做铺垫。

3.当我们了解文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个整个句子还是半个句子，这一点

十分重要，它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围。比如，有一个空的结尾处没有标点符号，后文紧跟着一个句子的后半部分，很显然这时我们需要填的是半个句子，这时便可以在七个选项中找到的是半个句子的选项，从而缩小选择范围。4.明确关联关系，任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下

文都有联系。

5.带入通读，复查。

做完题目切忌直接离开，七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，所以，当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其他空。

二、题型分类解析。

七选五题型可以大致分为以下三类：

1、指代关系类；

2、逻辑关系类；

3、整体结构类。

三、代词类解题技巧。

英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词等，常见的如：人称代词指代、同义词指代、近义词指代等。巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。

例题赏析：

例1：（2019年高考全国卷1）Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____

to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us.

F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.

G

解析：38. 选G 根据下一句中提到的可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。

例题赏析：

例2：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us.__________ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the

解析：正确选项句子为：The research made by the company shows that, above all else,

空格后的句末in both these areas中both这个不定代词提示考生空格中一定出现两个并列的名词概念，即fashion and value。

例题赏析：

例3：（2019

there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. 31

解析：31. 选C。指代题。C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s. 第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的at that time可知前句提到了时间，而且与rock music 有关，选项中只有C 项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选C。

四、逻辑关系类解题技巧。

七选五的前后句之间一定含有含有相互解释的逻辑关系，有时候这样的逻辑关系是很隐蔽的。但是如果我们仔细去勾画关键词，即可发现，空格前后的句子之间实际上存在对应。常见的比如：前文暗示、后文暗示、常识推断等。抓住这个相互对应的逻辑关系，我们可以很快找到蛛丝马迹进行解题。

例题赏析：

例4：（2019年高考全国卷1

be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing

oxygen. If you exercise out of doors allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.

解析：37.选A。下文暗示题。A .Fresh air cleans our lungs。根据下一句中提到的“If

the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-givi ng, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。

例题赏析：

例5：（2019年高考北京卷）Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a

team拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.

50 .An A-team

解析：50.选F。后文暗示题。F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些优雅量的普通球员。”该空就与后文的句子存在对应的关系，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。

五、整体结构类解题技巧。

七选五短文通常会考察短文结构的合理性，比如：承上启下、引出下文、首尾呼应等。通过读懂文章上下文的结构关系，也可以帮助我们迅速得出答案。

例题赏析：

例6：（2019年高考全国卷2）

of same coin. ___36___Like the child on

the diving board, you will stay undecided.

解析：36.选G。承上启下题。G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it。上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。 例题赏析：

例7：（2019年高考全国卷3）Do's

questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.

解析：37.选G 。收尾呼应题。G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G项“make sure they are good, thoug htful questions”相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。

综合例题分析

例题赏析：

例题8、Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 36 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.

One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.

38 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more

quickly. 40

A．However, women, on average, live longer.

B .The biological factor plays an important part.

C. Women are also helped by their female genes.

D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.

E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.

F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.

G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.

试题分析：文章是一篇科技报道，讲述了女人比男人长寿的原因，现代社会人们普遍比过去长寿了，但女人更长寿，其中一个重要的原因是生物因素：女人和男人的生物荷尔蒙不同，女性因为生育的原因，分泌的荷尔蒙对心脏和血液都有良性的影响，让女人更少受高血压和心脏病的困扰，同时，女性荷尔蒙还可以对抗感染，就连普通的感冒，女人也比男人更有抵抗力，科学家们现在还没弄清楚基因是如何影响人肌体的老化，但可以肯定的是女性的身体细胞老化的速度比男人慢。

36.A，逻辑推测。文章后面说They can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One

reason for this is biological.她们比男人可以多活六年到七年，可以推测前面应该讲

的是女人，故选A。

37.G前文暗示。文章前一句说One important biological factor that helps women live longer

is the difference in hormones between men and women.男女荷尔蒙不同；后一句说women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力).女性的荷尔蒙与生育有关，可以知道这里讲的应该是荷尔蒙的问题，故选G。

38.D前文暗示。前面说到These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood

flow.荷尔蒙对心脏和血液有好处；后面说：

They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. 它们还可以对抗感染，可以推测这里讲的应该是荷尔蒙保护身体的另一种方式，故选D。

39.C后文暗示。后面一句Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, 科学家

们还不清楚基因是如何对抗衰老的，可以知道前面应该说的是基因，故选C。40.E文章结构。文章最后说女性身体细胞老化得比男人慢，或者说男人的细胞比女人老化得快，这两种可能性都得到了目前研究的支持，故选E。

专题五、阅读理解7选5解题技巧剖析

强化训练（含答案解析）

强化训练1

The Science of Risk-Seeking

Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.

The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73

No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.

75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a

part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

Ａ．It all depends on your character.

Ｂ．Those are the risks you should jump to take.

Ｃ．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.

Ｄ．Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

Ｅ．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

Ｆ．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

Ｇ．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

强化训练2

（2019高考浙江卷）

Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.

After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.

___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___

A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.

B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.

C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.

D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.

E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.

F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).

G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.

强化训练3

Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20

13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

强化训练4

（2019高考全国卷3）In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.

Do's

? ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.

? Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.

Don'ts

? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.

___39___

? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.

A. That's what they are for.

B. Turn to an online instructor for help.

C. If more information is needed, they will ask.

D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.

E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.

F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.

G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.

参考答案详解：

强化训练1

试题分析：文章讲述了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关，早期的先民中，那些敢冒险的人在狩猎，战斗或探险中表现更优秀，当然，也有不喜欢冒险的人，就像赛车，有人喜欢有人不喜欢，科学家们还说，冒险的想法和一个人的年龄有关，大脑在提高你冒险的渴望的同时也提高你对风险的承受能力。

71.F前面说because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒；后面说Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样，故选F。

72.C前面说Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去，故选C。

73.A前面说So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要

依据你的性格，故选A。

74.E前面说scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈；后面说To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望，而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候，故选E。

75.G空格后面说For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. 不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样，故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应，故选G。

强化训练2

试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了披头士的发展和影响，引领了一种潮流趋势。

31. C第一段讲述摇滚音乐，根据空后的at that time可知前句提到了时间，而且与rock music有关，选项中只有C 项讲的是摇滚音乐，并且讲述了其发展的时间，故选C。

32. B空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前extremely popular in England, 以及后文的they became the hottest thing可知此处描述了他们的影响，选项B （甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一种潮流）符合文意，且关键词even是一个提示，故选B。

33.A 根据空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他们不确定美国人怎样反应），可知他们首次来美国演出，所以A项（决定首次到美国开巡回演出）符合文意，故选A。

34. G根据空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中应该出现concert，选项G中的关键词their first concert 前后呼应。故选G。

35. E根据空前（由于披头士，市场上出现了很多机会），E项（很多新乐队（新面孔）都是模仿披头士），符合逻辑。故选E。

强化训练3

试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。

36.D后句内容Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. 密码破解从来没有落后于密码设置。可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。

37.E后面举的例子For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”例如，“我的大象吃很多的鳝鱼”的第一个字母拼写出来的隐藏信息是“见我”，来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断故E选项内容符合语境

逻辑。

38.G根据后面的解释内容You might represent each letter with a number, 你也可以用一个数字来代表每一个字母。可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。

39.F根据前句中To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 为了解读到一个真正的密码信息，你必须拥有一本密码书。后面的举例For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” 例如，桥梁可能代表会面。可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。40.A根据空后内容的转折However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，可知空格内容应该是尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，故判断A选项符合语境。

强化训练4

试题分析：本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。

36.E根据文章段落结构和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选项E符合语境。

37.G根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。

38.A根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。

39.C根据本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends 教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故选项C符合语境。

40.F通读本段，并根据本段主题句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项F符合上下文语境。