2020届高考英语 语法专题九 形容词和副词 外研版

专题九形容词和副词

◆形容词和副词的考查要点

1．形容词和副词的作用与位置

形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：

(1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。

a task difficult to finish

(2)表语形容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，定语后置。如

a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，faint，ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。

(3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词如anything，something等时，通常后置。

I have something important to tell you.

(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

(5)enough修饰名词前置或后置，修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。

(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.

(7)频度副词如often，always，usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。

(8)副词作定语，定语后置。

The person there is waiting for you.

(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词＋大小、长短或高低词＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella

(10)以-ly结尾的词性辨析。

①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。

②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词：

③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：

题组训练1

选词填空

sharp，occasionally，thankfully，optional，particular，besides，transparent，permanent，steady，quite

1．It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is quite another to play it well yourself.

2．The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was steady，though slow.

3．An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however，they are not always permanent.

4．T he state-run company is required to make its accounts as transparent as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.

5．The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I’d grown fond of our little rented house.

6．She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too particular about her job. 7．In that school，English is compulsory for all students，but French and Russian are optional.

8．Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

9．I’ve been writing this report occasi onally for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.

10．Nowadays，there is a sharp increase in children’s creativity，for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.

2．形容词和副词的比较等级

(1)原级的构成和用法。

构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。

用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数＋as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构。

Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

This building looks not so(as) high as that one.

Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.

This room is three times as large as that one.

(2)比较级和最高级的构成。

掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。

(3)比较级的用法。

①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。

This picture is more beautiful than that one.

②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示。

This room is less beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even，a lot，

a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰。

He works even harder than before.

注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无even，still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。

She is better than she was yesterday.

Please come earlier tomorrow.

(B)by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。

He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。

The harder he works，the happier he feels.

⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。

The weather is getting colder and colder.