语言学树形图课后问题详解Word版

树形图详细讲解

网上的相对理想的树形图答案，注意正两

点：

1. 短语和中心词在一竖线上

2. 含有形容词修饰语的名词短语的画法

NP

Det N

A N

a little boy

1. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences.

a) The old lady suddenly left.

Det A N Qual V

b) The car stopped at the end of the road.

Det N V P Det N P Det N

c) The snow might have blocked the road.

Det N Aux Aux V Det N

d) He never appears quite mature.

N Qual V Deg A

2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each.

a) full of people

AP

A P N

full of people

b) a story about a sentimental girl

NP

NP PP

Det N P NP

Det A N

a story about a sentimental girl c) often read detective stories

VP

Qual V NP

A N

often read detective stories

d) the argument against the proposals

NP

NP PP

Det N P NP

Det N

the argument against the proposals

e) move towards the window

VP

V PP

P Det N

move towards the window

3. Draw phrase structure trees for each of the following sentences.

a) The jet landed.

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det N Pst V

The jet landed

b) Mary became very ill.

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

N Pst V AP

Deg A

Mary became very ill

c) What will you talk about?

CP

NP C S

N Infl NP Infl VP

VP NP

V P N

What will you e talk about e

S

NP VP

Det N Aux V NP

Det N

The apple might hit the man

OR

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det N V NP

Det N

The apple might hit the man

e) He often reads detective stories.

S

NP VP

N Qual V NP

A N

He often reads detective stories

OR

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Pres

N Qual V NP

A N

He often reads detective stories

4. The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures.

a) A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane.

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det A N Pst V NP

Det A N

A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane

b) A huge moon hung in the black sky.

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det A N Pst V PP

P NP

Det A N

A huge moon hung in the black sky

c) An unusual event occurred before the meeting.

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det A N Pst V PP

P NP

Det N

An unusual event occurred before the meeting

d) An old house appeared on the grassy hill.

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

Det A NP Pst V PP

A N P NP

Det A N

An old house appeared on the grassy hill

5. The following sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.

a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.

InflP(=S)

NP VP

N Aux V NP

Det A NP

N CON N

Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants

OR

InflP(=S)

NP VP

N Infl V NP

Det A NP

N CON N

Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants

b) Helen put on her clothes and went out.

S

NP VP

N VP CON VP

VP NP V Adv

V P Det N

Helen put on her clothes and went out

OR

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

N Pst VP CON VP

VP NP V Adv

V P Det N

Helen put on her clothes and went out

c) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.

S

NP VP

N VP CON VP

VP NP VP NP

V A P N V A P N

Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics OR

InflP(=S)

NP Infl VP

N Pres VP CON VP

VP NP VP NP

V A P N V A P N

Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics

d) The detective went out and the mysterious man came in.