促织三个英文译本的对比分析从描写翻译学角度高巍

促织三个英文译本的对比分析从描写翻译学角度高巍
促织三个英文译本的对比分析从描写翻译学角度高巍

Vol.9No.1

2012年1月

第9卷第1期

Journal of Hubei University of Economics(Humanities and Social Sciences)

湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版)

Jan.2012一、引言

《促织》是《聊斋志异》中脍炙人口的名篇之一。主题思想和艺术成就均达到很高的水平,可谓是文学精品。作者借《促织》揭露出“天子一跬步,皆关民命”的社会现实,并以此层层深揭封建社会官吏贪残的根源。《促织》先后被翟理斯(Herbert.A.

Giles )于清朝光绪年间,杨宪益戴乃迭夫妇于上世纪80年

代,Denise.C&Victor H .Mair 于上世纪90年代翻译过,三篇译

文的翻译时间跨度长达几十年。随着社会的发展,译者所遵循的原则也各有不同。因此对于同一本原著的多个译本进行历时分析,文化因素就显的尤为重要。本文利用描写翻译学代表人物图里的主要观点“三原则”中的“初步准则”为理论依据,从意识形态这一个变量来窥觑它是如何影响译者的翻译动机和翻译策略。

二、在“初步准则”下意识形态与翻译的关系

翻译行为并非是一种独立于其它因素之外的纯语篇操作,在翻译行为开始之前,一些已经存在的系统结构,例如意识形态、哲学观念、伦理道德、政治经济等,都将会影响和制约将要实施的翻译行为。多元系统理论专家认为,译语文化系统的社会准则与文学常规决定译者的美学观点,从而影响译者在翻译中的抉择(Gentzler ,1992:107)。巴斯奈特(Susan Bassnett )和勒菲弗尔(Andrew Lefevere )是文化操纵学派的代表,他们指出“意识形态对翻译的影响无处不在,它随时都影响或左右着译者的思维或行文,甚至连译者呼吸的空气都可能被某种莫名或无形的(意识形态)力量所操纵(Bassnett&Lefevere ,1990:

13)”。也许上述言论有些夸大意识形态的操控作用,但在某种

程度上,强调意识形态也是对研究翻译的一大进步。

图里(Gideon Toury ),描写翻译学派的代表人物,对于翻译的观点不同于往常的忠实对等。描写翻译学派进行的研究不是为了制定规范,而是通过描写产生译作的过程,分析不同历史时期的译作,从而分析译者的实际抉择。其中的初步原则(Preliminary Norms )探讨的是控制选材的因素,决定在某一时期选择什么文本类型或文本,通过翻译进入译语文化。

三、意识形态影响下译者的翻译活动

翻译不是在真空中进行的,任何翻译都会受到译者所处时代的主流意识形态的影响和制约。另外,译者作为社会中的人,在翻译过程中不能保证绝对中立和客观,因为每个人都有自己一套有系统的社会文化理念和价值观。王晓元指出“意识形态与翻译这一社会实践活动之间存在着互动关系,并从翻译的动机和原文文本的选择和翻译过程中的取舍和删改两个方面进行了论述(王晓元,2002:576)”。

(一)意识形态对三位译者翻译动机的影响

意识形态对翻译的影响,更多地体现在译者的翻译动机和文本的选择上。

翟理斯(Herbert.A.Giles ,英国,1845~1935)是19世纪后期至20世纪初英国著名汉学家,曾被誉为英国汉学三大泰斗之一。翟理斯翻译《促织》时正值清末民初,中国正处于一个沧桑巨变的时代,有识之士开始意识到以文兴国,大量的翻译外国的科技文献,主要代表人物有严复,但把中国的作品翻译成外文为数寥寥。翟理斯作为一个外籍译者一直积极把中国文化介绍到西方,这其中的原因是什么呢?他在《聊斋志异》的英译本序言中曾写道:“为了增进西方人对中国民间故事的了解,我对聊斋的翻译可以作为一个引导,让大家了解天朝中国的习惯,习俗和社会。而且这部翻译作品也是十分有意思的。”可见他的目标读者就是为了译入语读者,为了适应译入语文化。这一点从他的翻译策略中也有明显的体现。

杨宪益(1915年1月10日~2009年11月23日),戴乃迭夫妇,中国名翻译家杨宪益先生很少谈自己的翻译,只是在澳大利亚一个“作家周”的座谈会上说:“我国人民应该知道外国的文化遗产,外国也应该知道中国有多么丰富的文化遗产”。他指出:“译者应尽量忠实于原文的形象,要以忠实的翻译‘信’于中国文化的核心,中国文明的精神”。本译文是杨宪益先生在1982年发起并主持“熊猫丛书”系列时完成的,旨在弥补西方对中国文学了解的空白。20世纪90代中至70年代末,中国经历了史无前例的文化浩劫。80年代,中国文化进入了“百花齐放,百家争鸣”的时代,但是此时大部分的西方国家对中国的了解却仍很片面,对其文化精华的深邃更是知之甚少。在翻译事业迎来了一个新高潮之际,杨宪益先生的翻译动机非常明确,希望把中国优秀的文化遗产推广到全世界,让外

《促织》三个英文译本的对比分析

———从描写翻译学角度高

巍1,姚

晨2,董

琳3

(1.天津科技大学外国语学院,天津300222;2.天津科技大学外国语学院,天津300222;

3.天津科技大学外国语学院,天津300222)

要:文章以《聊斋志异》中的《促织》三个英文译本为研究对象,从描写翻译学代表人物图里提出的“初步原

则”为视角,探讨意识形态对译者翻译动机和翻译策略的影响。结果表明不同时期的意识形态对于译者在翻译策略的选择上有不可忽略的影响。

关键词:描写翻译学;促织;翻译动机;翻译策略

132··

英文论文及中文翻译

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.360docs.net/doc/1c16169976.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能 李专,肖鹏,熊翔 粉末冶金国家重点实验室,中南大学,湖南长沙410083,中国(收稿日期:2009年8月12日修订:2009年8月28日;接受日期:2009年9月2日) 摘要:采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材

促织原文及翻译和练习

促织 蒲松龄 宣德间,宫中尚①促织之戏,岁征民间。此物故非西②产;有华阴令欲媚上官,以一头进,试使斗而才④,因责⑤常供。令以责之里正。市中游侠儿⑥得佳者笼养之,昂其直⑦,居为奇货⑧。里胥猾黠,假此科敛丁口⑨,每责一头,辄倾数家之产。 邑有成名者,操童子业④,久不售○11。为人迂讷○12,遂为猾胥报充里正役,百计营谋不能脱。不终岁,薄产累尽○13。会征促织,成不敢敛户口,而又无所赔偿,忧闷欲死。妻曰:“死何裨益不如自行搜觅,冀有万一之得。”成然之。早出暮归,提竹筒丝笼,于败堵丛草处,探石发穴,靡计不施,迄无济。即捕得三两头,又劣弱不中于款。宰严限追比,旬余,杖至百,两股间脓血流离,并虫亦不能行捉矣。转侧床头,惟思自尽。 时村中来一驼背巫,能以神卜。成妻具资诣问。见红女白婆,填塞门户。入其舍,则密室垂帘,帘外设香几。问者爇香于鼎,再拜。巫从旁望空代祝,唇吻翕辟○14,不知何词。各各竦立○15以听。少间,帘内掷一纸出,即道人意中事,无毫发爽。成妻纳钱案上,焚拜如前人。食顷,帘动,片纸抛落。拾视之,非字而画:中绘殿阁,类兰若;后小山下,怪石乱卧,针针丛棘,青麻头伏焉;旁一蟆,若将跃舞。展玩不可晓。然睹促织,隐中胸怀。折藏之,归以示成。 成反复自念,得无教我猎虫所耶细瞻景状,与村东大佛阁逼似。乃强起扶杖,执图诣寺后,有古陵蔚起○16。循陵而走,见蹲石鳞鳞○17,俨然类画。遂于蒿莱中侧听徐行,似寻针芥。而心目耳力俱穷,绝无踪响。冥搜○18未已,一癞头蟆猝然跃去。成益愕,急逐趁○19之,蟆入草间。蹑迹披求○20,见有虫伏棘根。遽扑之,入石穴中。掭以尖草,不出;以筒水灌之,始出,状极俊健。逐而得之。审视,巨身修尾,青项金翅。大喜,笼归,举家庆贺,虽连城拱璧不啻也。上于盆而养之,蟹白栗黄,备极护爱,留待限期,以塞官责。 成有子九岁,窥父不在,窃发盆。虫跃掷径出,迅不可捉。及扑入手,已股落腹裂,斯须○21就毙。儿惧,啼告母。母闻之,面色灰死,大惊曰:“业根○22,死期至矣!而翁归,自与汝复算耳!”儿涕而去。 未几,成归,闻妻言,如被冰雪。怒索儿,儿渺然不知所往。既而得其尸于井,因而化怒为悲,抢呼欲绝○23。夫妻向隅○24,茅舍无烟,相对默然,不复聊赖。日将暮,取儿藁葬○25。近抚之,气息惙然○26。喜置榻上,半夜复苏。夫妻心稍慰,但儿神气痴木,奄奄思睡。成顾蟋蟀笼虚,则气断声吞○27,亦不复以儿为念,自昏达曙,目不交睫○28。东曦既驾○29,僵卧长愁。忽闻门外虫鸣,惊起觇视○30,虫宛然尚在。喜而捕之,一鸣辄跃去,行且速。覆之以掌,虚若无物;手裁○31举,则又超忽○32而跃。急趋之,折过墙隅,迷其所在。徘徊四顾,见虫伏壁上。审谛○33之,短小,黑赤色,顿非前物。成以其小,劣之。惟彷徨瞻顾,寻所逐者。壁上小虫忽跃落襟袖间,视之,形若土狗,梅花翅,方首,长胫,意似良。喜而收之。将献公堂,惴惴恐不当意,思试之斗以觇之。 村中少年好事者,驯养一虫,自名“蟹壳青”,日与子弟角,无不胜。欲居之以为利,而高其直,亦无售者。径造庐○34访成,视成所蓄,掩口胡卢○35而笑。因出己虫,纳比笼中。

机械专业术语英文翻译

陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking

技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams

英文文献及中文翻译

毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院:专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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《促织》全文翻译(2)

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