高考英语任务型阅读习题及答案doc

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

Decoding the young brain

There was a funny experiment to see how a young child would answer a specific question compared to an adult. After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child, he asked the child, “What do you think about me？” The child answered, “You talk too much.” When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult, the reply to the same question was, “I think you're a very interesting person.” Even if the adult f elt the same way as the child, his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question, and come up with an answer. He could have been annoyed, but his answer didn't reflect it because he was being polite.

The secret lies in the science of the developing brain. The child's honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasn't equipped to filter(过滤) information before answering the question. As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful. However, the child did not intentionally hurt the adult; it's just the way his brain works. As a child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood, that changes.

The human brain is made up of billions of neurons(神经元). In order for our body to execute a command, like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room, the neurons in the brain have to communicate with each other. They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things.

When the neurons send messages, perhaps one sensation(感觉) the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious. Later, if that person smells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie, it can spark the electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie. In an adult, he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences, like weight gain. But because the younger brain is more impulsive(冲动的), the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the consequences.

That is becau se when a child is young, his brain is “wired” in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult. This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people tend to be more impulsive. Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we heard a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens！”

To conclude, what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive. It isn't always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of their brains. So the next time you ask a child what he really thinks of you, be prepared for any kind of answer.

dangerous；stronger/greater；necessarily

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说明了小孩子说一些伤人的、冒犯性的语言并不是故意为之，而是因为儿童的大脑还没有发育完全，不具备在回答问题前过滤信息的功能导致的。

（1）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第一段“‘What do you think about me？’ The child answered, ‘You talk too much.’”可知，对于提出的问题，孩子的回答总是答非所问，脱离话题。故填off“脱离；离开”。

（2）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第一段中的“his brain allowed him to take a moment，consider the question, and come up with an answer”可知孩子得出答案前总是会考虑再三。且实验已经发生在过去，故填一般过去时thought。

（3）考查信息归纳的能力。第一段通过实验引出后文中分析造成这种现象的原因，故填phenomenon。

（4）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第二段“As a result, he was honest, but he said something that may have been hurtful. However, the child did not intentionally hurt the adult;”可知虽然孩子会说一些伤人的话，但是他们并不是有意的。故第四题填连词although/though“虽然；尽管”。

（5）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第三段中的“The human brain is made up of billions of

neurons”可知数十亿的神经元组成了人类的大脑。本句已经存在非谓语动词have，故make 做非谓语与逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故填making。

（6）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第三段中的“They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us re member things.”可知神经元通过味觉或者触觉帮助我们记住事物，故一个人可能会把饼干的味道和吃饼干的记忆联系起来。故填associate。（7）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第五段中的“That is because when a child is young, his brain is ‘wired’ in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult.”孩子的大脑就会以一种“连线”的方式来寻找快乐，并且比成年人更愿意冒险。故可知一个年幼的孩子有一种寻求快乐和冒险的自然倾向，这是由他幼小的大脑决定的。故填tendency“倾向；趋势”。（8）考查信息归纳的能力。根据第五段“Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky. How many times have we hea rd a parent say, “I tell her this all the time, but she never listens！”可知即使父母警告过多次，孩子还是会去尝试危险和冒险的食物。故填dangerous。

（9）考查信息归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive.”可知成年人比小孩子控制冲动的能力更强、更好。故填stronger或greater。

（10）考查信息归纳的能力。根据最后一段“It isn't always necessarily because they are being naughty; it may very well be because of their brains.”可知因为大脑构造的关系，小孩子说一些伤人的、冒犯性的语言并不一定总是因为淘气。故填necessarily。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳的能力的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而做出正确答案。

2．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Seven years ago, my wife told our 6-year-old daughter about our wedding weekend. My wife had moved back home to spend the weekend with her family.

As I was tucking our daughter in (把女儿的被子掖好) later that night, she asked if she could "come home like mommy did" when she got married one day. (Hopefully, one day far off into the future...) I told her our house would always be open to her. She gave me a big hug and a kiss on the cheek. She was extremely happy.

After a few seconds, I could see her mind churning (思绪翻腾)—the happiness dissipated. She pushed her finger into my belly and told me in low spirits, "Your belly is too big and you are too fat. I don't know if you are going to make it."

I was shocked. It was true that my health had fallen into a huge decline in the previous five years as I was building Contegix. I had not thought of it as destroying a future with my family. A 6-year-old girl saw what I missed.

I decided to run a mile the next morning. I couldn't make it 1/4 mile. I didn't give up and went out the next morning.

Seven years later, I have lost 60 pounds and regularly run ultra marathons. I attempted my first 100 miles last August, but I missed the terminal point at mile 87 after running on a torn hamstring (腿筋撕裂) for the previous 79 miles.

Yet, the most important distance I will ever go will be walking her down the aisle (结婚) one day. I would not make it if it hadn't been for the honesty and innocence of a 6-year-old.

（1）Why was the author's daughter happy? (no more than 15 words)

（2）What does the underlined word "dissipated" in Paragraph 3 mean? (one word)

（3）What happened to the author as he was building Contegix? (no more than 10 words) （4）What does the author regularly do seven years later? (no more than 5 words)

（5）What do you think of the author? Please explain. (no more than 25 words)

【答案】（1）Because she was told the house would be always open to her.

Or: Because the author told her their house would be always open to her.

（2）disappeared. /vanished.

（3）His health declined. /His health fell into a huge decline.

（4）He regularly runs ultra marathons.

Or: Running ultra marathons.

（5）He's a good father because he didn't want to disappoint his daughter and began to take care of his health (take exercise regularly) for his family.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者与女儿7年前的一段对话，是女儿所说的话让作者更加关注自己的健康并给了作者减肥的决心和动力，与此同时作者也不想让女儿失望。七年之后作者减掉了60磅，并参加了超级马拉松，由于腿筋撕裂，作者没有完成比赛，但作者很满足，作者认为最重要的距离是在女儿结婚时，陪女儿走过红地毯的距离。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I tol d her our house would always be open to her. She gave me a big hug and a kiss on the cheek. She was extremely happy.”可知，作者的女儿快乐是因为作者告诉她他们家的门永远向她敞开。故填Because she was told the house would be always open to her. Or: Because the author told her their house would be always open to her.（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She pushed her finger into my belly and told me in low spirits.”可知，女儿情绪变得低落，所以"dissipated"意思是Disappeared./Vanished (消失) 的意思，女儿的快乐了。故填disappeared./vanished.

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“It was true that my health had falle n into a huge decline in the previous five years as I was building Contegix.”可知，作者在建造Contegix时，作者的健康状况急剧下降。故填His health declined./His health fell into a huge decline.

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Seven years later, I have lost 60 pounds and regularly run ultra mar athons.”可知，七年后，作者减掉了60磅，并定期参加超级马拉松比赛。故填He regularly runs ultra marathons.Or: Running ultra marathons.

（5）考查推理判断。短文叙述了作者与女儿的7年前的一段对话，是女儿所说的话让作者更加关注自己的健康并给了作者减肥的决心和动力，与此同时作者不想让女儿失望。七年之后作者减掉了60磅，并参加了超级马拉松，由于腿筋撕裂，作者没有完成比赛，但作者很满足，作者认为最重要的距离是在女儿结婚时，陪女儿走过红地毯的距离。短文中充满了父亲对女儿的爱，对家庭的爱。所以作者是一个好父亲，因为他不想让女儿失望，所

以他通过锻炼的方式使自己更健康，是为了女儿，也是为了这个家。故填He's a good father because he didn't want to disappoint his daughter and began to take care of his health ( take exercise regularly ) for his family.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

3．阅读理解

When was the last time you sat on a park bench(凳子)? Did you stay for long? A new kind of park benches will limit the amount of time you can sit there. If you don't get up in time, it could be very painful: there are many sharp spikes (钉子) on the part that you sit on!

Visitors who want a rest on the bench need to put a coin in a machine next to it. Once the money was accepted, the spikes disappear into the bench. Then visitors can sit down comfortably, but only for half an hour. When the time's up, the spikes slowly start moving up again. It doesn't hurt at first, but after a minute, they start coming up even more quickly. They aren't long enough to cause serious hurt, but they do cause pain, as tests have shown. But why have they been installed (安装)?

"Our public park is very popular in summer," a spokesperson for the park explained. "But with all the thousands of people who visit the park, there aren't enough benches for everyone. We want to make sure that the benches are shared by more visitors, and to stop people taking a bench and staying there all day. Installing spikes seems to be the fairest way of stopping people doing this."

（1）How is the new kind of park bench different from other benches?

（2）What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

（3）Why are the new benches installed?

（4）The passage says, "Installing spikes seems to be the fairest way of stopping people doing this." Do you agree with this? Please state your reasons.

【答案】（1）It can limit the amount of time people sit on it (with sharp spikes). / If you don't get up from it in limited time, it could make you painful./ There are many sharp spikes on it to limit the amount of time people sit on it.

（2）It's mainly about how the new kind of benches work.

（3）They're installed to solve the problem that some people take a bench too long and others can't share it.

（4）Yes. If people are asked to pay for benches, they will not take it too long when they don't really need it. Thus, every visitor will have the chance to share it. / No. Benches in parks should be free to visitors. The park can build more benches to solve its problem instead of limiting the time when visitors have a rest on benches.

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型公园长椅，其不同之处在于它上面有很多尖刺，用来限制人们坐在上面的时间。安装这种椅子的目的是为了让更多的人都能分享到长椅。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“If you don’t get up in time, it could be very painful:

there are many sharp spikes on the part that you sit on!”如果你没有及时起来，那将是非常痛苦的:你所坐的部位有许多锋利的刺!可知新型公园长椅与其他长椅的不同之处在于如果你不能在有限的时间内离开它，它可能会让你痛苦。故答案为：It can limit the amount of time people sit on it (with sharp spikes). / If you don’t get up from it in limited time, it could make you painful./There are many sharp spikes on it to limit the amount of time people sit on it.。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Visitors who want a rest on the bench need to put a coin in a machine next to it. Once the money was accepted, the spikes disappear into the bench. Then visitors can sit down comfortably, but only for half an hour. When the time’s up, the spikes slowly start movin g up again.”想要在长椅上休息的游客需要在旁边的机器里放一枚硬币。一旦这笔钱被接受，钉子就会消失在板凳上。然后游客可以舒服地坐下来，但只能坐半个小时。当时间到了，尖峰又开始慢慢地向上移动。可知第二段主要介绍了这种新型长椅是如何工作的，故答案为It’s mainly about how the new kind of benches work.。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“We want to make sure that the benches are shared by more v isitors, and to stop people taking a bench and staying there all day.”我们希望确保更多的游客可以共享这些长椅，并阻止人们坐在长椅上一整天。可知安装它们是为了解决有些人坐了太长时间的板凳，而有些人却无法分享的问题。故答案为：They’re installed to solve the problem that some people take a bench too long and others can’t share it.。

（4）本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。故答案为：Yes. If people are asked to pay for benches, they will not take it too long when they don’t really need it. Thus, every visitor will have the chance to share it. /No. Benches in parks should be free to visitors. The park can build more benches to solve its problem instead of limiting the time when visitors have a rest on benches.。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意以及开放题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，概括归纳，从而写出正确答案。

4．根据短文内容，在相应的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。

How do you prove you really are who you say you are? Maybe you have many ways to prove your identity: a birth certificate, a driver's license, a Social Security card, or a passport.

But imagine that you are one of the one billion people in the world-most of them among the poorest-who have no official identification. No birth certificates. No official ID documents. Nothing. Without a way to prove who you are, you would face huge problems: going to school, seeing a doctor, getting a bank account...

For the last decade, NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification. One of India's leading technology experts, Nandan joined the government to lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities of the country's more than 1.3 billion residents. This ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"), is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.

Now, Aadhaar has enrolled nearly all residents of India. With a trustworthy system to check

identities of beneficiaries for everything from pensions to food moneies, the government has been able to save billions of dollars because of reduced cheating and dishonesty.

Of course, India's ID system has not been without controversy. There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused. Last year, a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of India found that the program did not violate the privacy rights of the country's residents. But in order to prevent misuse of personal data, the court placed tight limits on how the ID system could be used and shared.

According to the latest data by the World Bank, there are one billion people in the world without an official proof of identity, including 45 percent of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and 17 percent of South Asia's population.

Thanks to the work Nandan is doing, the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. The sooner we can achieve this goal, the sooner the world's poorest residents will not only be able to prove who they are, but also realize their dreams for better lives.（1）How does India's ID system check the identities of the residents? (不多于7个单词) （2）What is the function of Aadhaar as a valuable government platform? (不多于8个单词) （3）As for India's ID system, what are many people concerned about? (不多于1个单词) （4）What is the passage mainly about? (不多于6个单词)

【答案】（1）By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.

（2）Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.

（3）Privacy.

（4）Making the world's invisible people visible.

【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文，世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得"可见"。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“…lead the launch of India's national biometric ID sys tem, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities…”可知印度的身份识别系统通过指纹和其他生物特征来检查居民的身份。因此答案为By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的'his ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"),is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.’可知Aadhaar作为一个有价值的政府平台，其功能是提供社会福利项目和其他政府服务。因此答案为Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused.”可知有很多隐私问题，包括批评Aadhaar系统是一个大规模的监控工具，个人数据会被滥用。所以许多人们关注的问题是隐私。故填Privacy.

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文和第二段中的“NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification.以及最后一段中的

“the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. ”可知本文主要讲述的是世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得"可见"。故可知Making the world's invisible people visible可以概括问文章主要内容，故答案为Making the world's invisible people visible.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

5．（2019?江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

The Cost of Thinking

Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.

The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals (哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.

The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull (倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.

Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.

Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.

We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.

physical；beat；fearful/afraid

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大脑和直立行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人，解放了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的动物，享受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。

（1）信息归纳题。根据第一段“all human beings share defining characteri stics ,such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.”可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点(characteristics)。故填characteristics。

（2）信息归纳题。此题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。因此本空格填写disadvantages。

（3）信息来源题。根据第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumptio n of energy ”以及“It (the brain) consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.By comparison the brains of apes require only 8% of rest- time energy”可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。当身体处于休息时，大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要的能量（energy）要比人类少。故填energy。

（4）信息归纳题。分析空后的75--78小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知，此部分主

要叙述了直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。

（5）信息转换题。根据第五段的第一句“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies.”可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，更容易找到食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为or为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故空格填动词。“guard against...”为固定搭配，意为“防御......”，故填guard。

（6）信息来源题。根据第五段中的”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. ”可知，解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。

（7）信息归纳题。根据第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” 可知，直立行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，骨骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。

（8）信息转换题。根据第六段“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.” 可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价，换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。

（9）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.”可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。故填beat。

（10）信息归纳题。根据最后一段“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”可知，尽管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小的生物。因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词，故本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)可知，此处要填名词，故填fearful/afraid。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，信息转换题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

6．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

Pretending you're someone else can make you creative

One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either

"creative" people or we aren't, without much of a middle ground.

Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to "believe in yourself". In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.

In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as "eccentric(古怪的) poets" and the members of another to imagine they were "rigid librarians" (people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as "eccentric poets" came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the "rigid librarian" group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of "eccentric poets" came up with more ideas than the art majors did. These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a "malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective." Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.

Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls "psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of "conscious unfocus", a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.

Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.

What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of "unfocus". This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.

Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative

creativity；individual/personal；positively；subscribes；realistic/practical；forgive

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了假装你是别人会让你更有创造力。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways.”可知，我们大多数人对自己要么有创造力要么没有创造力的想法印象深刻:两者之间不存在中间地带。故答案为fascinated/impressed。

（2）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative pot ential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to ’believe in yourself‘. In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.”可知，与普遍的看法相反，皮莱的建议是，你应该相信你是别人。故答案为Contrary。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的“instructing the members of one grou p to think of themselves as ’eccentric(古怪的) poets‘ and the members of another to imagine they were ’rigid librarians‘(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part).”可知，其中一组被要求认为自己是“古怪的诗人”，另一组是“刻板的图书管理员”，第三组作为对照组。故答案为worked/acted/served/functioned。

（4）考查句义理解。根据第三段中的“The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects，including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one.”可知，前两组被要求为每个给定对象想出尽可能多的不同用途。故答案为given。

（5）考查句义理解。根据第三段中的“Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of ’eccentric poets‘ came up with more ideas than the art majors did.”可知，学生的创造力水平并不总是与专业类型成正比。故答案为creativity。

（6）考查原词复现。根据第四段中的“These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a ’malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective.‘”可知，因此，创造力可能是环境和视角的产物，而不是个人的东西。故答案为individual/personal。

（7）考查信息归纳。根据第五段中的”This exercise, which he calls “psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of ’conscious unfocus‘, a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network.“可知，"psychological halloweenism"的实施是指通过积极刺激默认模式网络，有意识地成为他人的行为。故答案为positively。

（8）考查句义理解。根据最后一段中的”Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else.“可知，Pillay坚决支持把你想象成别人的观点，并建议我们不要担心自己有多成功或不成功。故答案为subscribes。

（9）考查概括总结。根据右栏内容可知这里在讲述“演习的现实意义”。故答案为realistic/practical。

（10）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”You're making yourself more crea tive, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.“可知，我们完全有权利原谅自己注意力不集中，因为这不仅是人性的表现，而且还能让我们更有创造力和富有成效。故答案为forgive。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，句义理解，原词复现，概括总结和推理判断五个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

7．阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Study in Canada

Why Canada?

Canadians place a premium(保险) on education and demand first-rate schools. Canada is among the top three countries in the Organization for Economic. International students who graduate from Canadian universities land successful and promising careers.

Ranked as #1 in the World

For the past several years, a United Nations survey has found Canada to be the best place in the world to live in. Conducted every year, the survey evaluates quality of life in 174 countries, using over 200 performance indicators. Canada earned particularly high marks for its access to

education, high life expectancy(长寿), and low crime and violence rates.

Canadian Education is Competitively Priced

Tuition fees for international students in Canada are comparatively much lower than in any other English speaking country

More than 800000 Canadians trace their roots back to India!

High Standard of Living

Canadians enjoy a standard of living among the highest in the world. More than 65 per cent of Canadians own their own homes, with a higher percentage owning durable goods. Canadians are proud of their world-famous and highly advanced broadcasting system which includes more than 1,000 AM and FM radio stations and some 719 television stations to serve, entertain and educate the listening and viewing audience.

The vast majority of Canada's population of more than 30 million people lives in urban areas. Welcoming & Beautiful Environment

All major urban centers have a variety of shopping malls, restaurants, theaters, art galleries and museums. Canadian cities provide numerous parks, gardens and beaches for public use, as well as excellent sports and recreation facilities. Canadians place a high value on their natural environment.

Canada is well-known as a safe, just and peaceful society. Canadian crime rates have been falling steadily since the 1990s. In 1997, Canada's police-reported crime rate decreased for the sixth year in a row, falling by five per cent. Violent crimes declined for the fifth year in a row in 1997 and Canada's homicide (杀人) rate now accounts for less than one percent of all reported violent incidents. Unlike its US neighbors to the south, firearms are strictly controlled and generally are not permitted in Canada.

Canada is a country with two official languages, English and French. The vast majority (75 per cent) of Canada's French-speaking inhabitants(居民) live in Québec(魁北克), which is located in the eastern part of the country but there are French-speaking communities throughout the country.

Internationally, it is estimated that more than 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French. Canada offers superior English as a Second Language (ESL) and French as Second Language (FSL) training for students wishing to learn either or both languages.

Environment；convenient / comfortable / enjoyable / cozy；safe；forbidden / prohibited / banned；Over

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了加拿大的的教育环境。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据 Why Canada?部分中的“International students who graduate from Canadian universities land successful and promising careers.”从加拿大大学毕业的国际学生获得成功和有前途的职业。名词所有格后接动名词，因此填graduating。

（2）考查信息提升。根据Ranked as #1 in the World部分中的“Canada earned particul arly high marks for its access to education, high life expectancy(长寿), and low crime and violence rates.”在接受教育方面，加拿大获得了特别高的分数，长寿，犯罪率和暴力率低。可知犯罪和暴力很少发生，故填seldom / rarely。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据Canadian Education is Competitively Priced部分中的“Tuition fees for international students in Canada are comparatively much lower than in any other English speaking country”国际学生在加拿大的学费比其它说英语的国家相对较低，可知此处应填higher。

（4）考查信息提升。根据High Standard of Living部分中的“ Canadians are proud of their world-famous and highly advanced broadcasting system which includes more than 1,000 AM and FM radio stations and some 719 television stations to serve, entertain and educate the listening and viewing audience.”加拿大人为他们举世闻名和高度先进的广播系统感到骄傲，其中包括一千多个调频电台和大约719个电视台，为听众和观众提供服务、娱乐和教育,可知加拿大的广播系统有多重目的，故填different / various / several。

（5）考查推理判断。根据High Standard of Living部分中的“The vast majority of Canada's population of more than 30 million people lives in urban areas.”加拿大的三千多万人口大部分住在诚实地区，可知少数人住在农村，故填rural。

（6）考查信息归纳。根据标题Welcoming & Beautiful Environment，可知填Environment。（7）考查信息提升。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“All major urban centers have a variety of shopping malls, restaurants, theaters, art galleries and museums. ”所有主要的城市中心都有各种各样的购物中心，饭店，剧院，美术馆和博物馆，可知住在市中心是便利，舒适，享受的，故填convenient / comfortable / enjoyable / cozy。

（8）考查信息归纳。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“Canada is well-known as a safe, just and peaceful society. ”众所周知加拿大是一个安全、公正与和平的社会。故填safe。

（9）考查信息提升。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“Unlike its US neighbors to the south, firearms are strictly controlled and generally are not permitted in

Canada.”不像邻国美国，武器受到严格管制，加拿大一般不允许使用。可知填forbidden / prohibited / banned。

（10）考查信息归纳。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“ it is estimated that more than 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French. ”据估计8亿多人说英语，2亿5千人说法语，故填Over。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，信息提升和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

8．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

What is style? Style is the special visual paradigm centering on the visual symbol system. It is contained in the materialized products of daily life such as fashion, borne, architecture, horticulture; and environment. It is reflected in the creation of cultural products including literature, films and music. It is still a way of behavior and life that expresses specific customs. To sum up, style is not only the core of cultural products with visual, melodic, literal and abstract symbols, but also a way of life.

The style of China means the expression of Chinese elements. Chinese elements are the inheritance(传承)of cultural genes. The style of China relies on thousands of years of cultural accumulation(积累). It should not be limited to objects. It is supposed to express the Chinese cultural concept of Confucianism and Taoism. It must reflect the specific views of man and nature, man and objects as well as man and social relations.

The style of China ought to be oriented towards the world. It did influence the world. Silk and ceramics were the main products traded along the Silk Road. They contained rich Chinese culture. The thousand-year-old Silk Road spread the style of China to the West. And the craze for Chinoiserie(中国艺术品)was a popular fashion in European society at that time.

The style of China is the reproduction and variation of cultural genes. It is the inheritance along with innovation.

The style of China is duty-bound to select as always silk, bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used. Besides, it is necessary to continue the concept of interactive space planning between man and nature and between man and man. It also needs to explore such new spaces as digitization, the Internet, virtual reality and artificial intelligence.

The style of China must show the transformation and promotion from Chinese manufacturing to Chinese creation. It relies on the manufacturing power and the industrial strength. The style of China presents to the world the image of a large industrial producer and a birthplace of global creativity.

The style of China represents not only the reconstruction of objects, but also the renewal of Chinese value system.

The style of China ought to rely on rich historical heritage(遗产), draw on strengths of others and keep up with the times. It should focus on the life of the general public, the world and the future.

accumulated；internationally/globally/world；Traditional；materials；created/innovated；and；conclusion；modern

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国风格的特点，并指出中国风格必须体现在从中国制造到中国创造的转型和提升，应该依托丰富的历史遗产，取长补短，与时俱进，应该关注公众的生活、世界和未来。

（1）考查动词。根据第一段中的“It is contained in t he materialized products of daily life such as fashion, borne, architecture. horticulture; and environment. It is reflected in the creation of cultural products including literature, films and music.”可知，风格包含在日常的文化产品之中，也体现在文化产品的创作中，故填reflected/contained/expressed/conveyed/carried。（2）考查名词。根据第二段中的“The style of China means the expression of Chinese elements. ”可知，中国风格就是中国元素的表现，作主语用名词，故填definition/meaning。

（3）考查动词。根据第二段中的“The style of China relies on thousands of years of cultural accumulation(积累). ”可知，中国风格是中国几千年文化的积累，故填accumulated。

（4）考查副词。根据第三段中的“The style of China ought to be oriented towards the world.”可知，中国风格面向全世界，故填internationally/globally/world。

（5）考查形容词。根据第五段中的“The style of China is duty-bound to select as always silk, bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial

era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used.”可知，中国风格有责任一如既往地选择丝绸、竹子、瓷器等，同时充分利用肉类、玻璃、水泥等现代工业的材料，与modern相对的应该是traditional（传统的），故填Traditional。

（6）考查名词。根据第五段中的“Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used.”可知，肉类、玻璃、水泥等现代材料也应该被充分利用，故填materials。

（7）考查动词。根据倒数第三段中的“The style of China must show the transformation and promotion from Chinese manufacturing to Chinese creation.”可知，中国风格必须体现在从中国制造到中国创造的转型和提升，故填created/innovated。

（8）考查连词。根据倒数第二段中的“The style of China represents not only the reconstruction of objects, but also the renewal of Chinese value system.”可知，中国风格不仅代表着创造对象的重塑，也代表着价值体系的更新，故填and。

（9）考查名词。根据最后一段“The style of China ought to rel y on rich historical heritage, draw on strengths of others and keep up with the times. It should focus on the life of the general public, the world and the future.”可知，此处是文章结论，中国风格应该依托丰富的历史遗产，取长补短，与时俱进，应该关注公众的生活、世界和未来，故填conclusion。

（10）考查形容词。根据第五段中的“The st yle of China is duty-bound to select as always silk, bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used.”可知，中国风格既应该继续选择丝绸、竹子、瓷器等传统的材料，也应该充分利用玻璃和水泥等现代材料，将传统性和现代性结合起来，故填modern。

【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。

9．任务型阅读

Asthma(哮喘) is a long-lasting breathing disease that affects millions of Americans, many of whom are children. People who get asthma will suffer from lack of breath, difficulty in breathing or coughing--which are caused by the tightening of the muscles in airways. Untreated asthma can lead to poor lung function and death, but asthma can also be effectively controlled with proper treatments.

Research is discovering genes that contribute to the development of asthma. This development has pointed researchers to the role of indoor and outdoor pollution as environmental factors that contribute to the increased occurrence of asthma.

The Indoor Pollution

Indoor pollution has increased with the developments in building materials and in heating and air conditioning systems. In addition to poisonous gases that come from paint, other materials like dust and perfumes used in household products such as washing powder are recycled continuously through the house, winter and summer.

Unlike the days before central heating or before whole-house air conditioning, these materials

and chemicals cannot get out of modern homes. Most often, they cause breathing problems in the members of the family with the least-developed autoimmune(自身免疫的) systems. Proper venting (通风) and use of environmentally-friendly building materials and carpeting can help reduce the presence of these chemicals.

The Outdoor pollution

Researchers have also established outdoor pollution's role as a probable cause of asthma. Asthma has been proven to result from some fuel products. Smog and the small matters carried by it have been recognized as a factor which leads to asthma since the 19th century when London saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.

Those most affected by the increase of industrial and environmental pollution are children. Although much has been done to control the levels of pollution in the US, there still remains much to do as it is a worldwide phenomenon. Until an international effort can be made to limit carbon emissions, the occurrence of environmental asthma will probably continue to increase.

／results／effects；Factors；caused/ increased；Besides；remain/ stay；increased/ increasing；harmful；prevented/stopped/ kept/ away/ free/ freed

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了哮喘产生的原因，从室内污染和室外污染两个方面来进行阐述。

（1）考查信息归纳的能力。从题干结合文章内容，本文讨论了哮喘和空气污染的关系，

从中文“关系，联系”出发，答案范围广。故填relationship／relation／connection／association／link。

（2）考查信息归纳的能力。结合第一段对哮喘发病情况的解释，可选择出总结词“症状”。故填symptoms。

（3）考查信息归纳的能力。由文中的“Untreated asthma can lead t o poor lung function and death,”可知，这里是指“结果”。故填consequences／results／effects。

（4）考查信息归纳的能力。根据原文第二段“This development has pointed researchers to the role of indoor and outdoor pollution as environmental factors that contribute to the increased occurrence of asthma.，”结合题目后面indoor pollution 和outdoor pollution得知，这里是讲导致哮喘病增加的因素。故填Factors 。

（5）考查信息归纳的能力。原文用的是“indoor pollution has increased with”结构，其实就是因果关系，所以这里是被动结构。故填caused/ increased。

（6）考查信息归纳的能力。对原文in addition to进行替换，表示“除了，还包括”的意思。故填Besides。

（7）考查信息归纳的能力。原文“these materials and chemicals cannot get out of modern homes”指的是这些材料并没有随时间消失，一直存在。故填remain/ stay。（8）考查信息归纳的能力。根据原文倒数第二段中的“saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.，”可知是越来越多的疾病。故填increased/ increasing。

（9）考查信息归纳的能力。根据“saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.”可知，这类污染物对人体有害，会导致疾病。故填harmful。（10）考查信息归纳的能力。根据最后一段中的“Until an international effort can be made to limit carbon emissions, the occurrence of environmental asthma will probably continue to increase.，”可知是需要各个国家的通力合作才能阻止碳排放量，prevent/stop/ keep/be away/ be free/ free… from doing表示“阻止”固定搭配，表示否定含义。原题中有can be所以后面用过去分词表示被动，故填prevented/stopped/ kept/ away/ free/ freed。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳能力的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和语法知识，从而写出正确答案。

10．根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it? ________. I'm here to try and convince you that porridge can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy way to start the day.

Porridge is a type of food served for breakfast, usually a type of grain with either milk or water. It is thicker than liquid, but not solid. ________, so it's a very good option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.