高考英语一轮复习资料 教师版

高考英语一轮复习资料 12

教师版高三英语单词短语句型一轮复习资料三

Ⅰ.核心必记单词

1．graduation n．毕业

→graduate n．毕业生；v i.毕业

2．traditional adj.传统的

→tradition n．传统，惯例

→traditionally ad v.传统地

3．nowadays ad v.现今，现在

celebration n．庆祝，庆典

→celebrate v t.庆祝

5．power n．控制力；权力

→powerful adj.强大的

6．destroy v t.破坏，毁坏

decorate v t.装饰，布置

→decoration n．装饰；装饰品

6．serve v．提供(食物)，端上(饭菜)；服务；服役

→service n．服务

→servant n．仆人；雇员

7．apply v i.申请；v t.应用

→applicant n．申请人

→application n．申请

10．congratulation n．祝贺

→congratulate v t.祝贺

11．invitation n．邀请；请柬

→invite v t.邀请

12．attend v t.出席，参加

13．contribute v t.捐献，贡献

→contribution n．贡献

14．link v t.连接；n.联系，关系

15．unfortunately ad v.不幸地

→unfortunate adj.不幸的

Ⅱ.阅读识记单词

16．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者

17．occasion n．时刻，时机

18．include v．包括，包含

19．lantern n．灯笼

20．darkness n．黑暗，漆黑

21．boil v t.&v i.煮沸，沸腾

22．reception n．接待；招待会

23．retire v i.退休→retirement n．退休

24．salary n．薪水

25．smartly ad v.潇洒地；漂亮地→smart adj.聪明的；巧妙的

26．ceremony n．典礼，仪式

27．entrance n．入口

28．seriously ad v.认真地；真诚地；严肃地

→serious adj.严肃的；认真的

29．envelope n．信封

30．swallow v t.吞下，咽下

31．adult n．成年人

32．merry adj.高兴的，愉快的

33．production n．生产，制造；产量

→produce v t.生产，制造

34．fry v t.用油煎，用油炸

35．35．mess n．混乱，脏乱

语境活用[用所给词的正确形式填空]

1．Today，the scars(创痕) of destruction(destroy) are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air.(2016·北京)

2．Despite the celebrations(celebrate)，though，in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older.(2017·全国Ⅰ)

3．The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful(power) engine driving the constant growth in the box-office(电影票房) income.(2017·江苏)

4．In India，for example，most people traditionally(tradition) eat with their hands.(2016·全国Ⅲ) 5．—I got that job I wanted at the public library.

—Congratulations(congratulate)！That’s good news.

6．Rosa Parks made a great contribution(contribute) to the civil-rights movement in the U．S.(2016·全国Ⅰ)

7．He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship(scholar) because of his academic background.

8．She has turned down several invitations(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017·全国Ⅲ)

9．Here I will stress some smarter(smart) and more creative examples of climate adaptation.(2017·江

苏)

10．When I was 50，my weight problem began to affect me seriously(serious)．(2017·天津)

11．Far from charging consumers high prices ，many of these services(serve) are free.

12．The application(apply) of new technologies could also account for the increase.

1．burn down 烧毁

2．take part in 参与，参加

3．wash away 洗掉；冲走

4．on duty 值班，上班

5．put out 扑灭；熄灭

6．apply for 申请，请求

7．depend on 依靠；根据，依据

8．on time 准时

9．put up 搭起；建造；竖起 10．stay awake 保持清醒 11．carry on 继续；坚持 12．as well 也；还；同样地 13．a bit of 一点儿 14．dress up 化妆；打扮 15．from door to door 挨家挨户地

语境活用 [选用上述黑体短语的正确形式填空]

1．Most houses in the village were burnt down to the ground by the enemy.

2．She is determined to carry on with her education.(2017·全国Ⅲ)

3．Heavy rain will wash away the soil from desolate(荒凉的) hills if nothing is done.

4．On the Internet ，people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well.

5．Students are allowed to dress up for school proms in America.

6．The boy put up his hand so that he could catch the teacher ’s attention.

7．Most of plants depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds.

8．I happened to have read your advertisement and wanted to apply for the job.

听力特训12：

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1．What does the man want to do?

A．Take photos. B．Buy a camera. C．Help the woman.

2．What are the speakers talking about?

A．A noisy night. B．Their life in town. C．A place of living.

3．Where is the man now?

A．On his way. B．In a restaurant. C．At home.

4．What will Celia do?

A．Find a player. B．Watch a game. C．Play basketball.

5．What day is it when the conversation takes place?

A．Saturday. B．Sunday. C．Monday.

第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

6．What is Sara going to do?

A．Buy John a gift. B．Give John a surprise C．Invite John to France. 7．What does the man think of Sara’s plan?

A．Funny. B．Exciting. C．Strange.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8．Why does Diana say sorry to peter?

A．She has to give up her travel plan.

B．She wants to visit another city.

C．She needs to put off her test.

9.What does Diana want Peter to do?

A. Help her with her study.

B. Take a book to her friend.

C. Teach a geography lesson.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Why does the man call the woman?

A.To tell her about her new job.

B.To ask about her job program.

C.To plan a meeting with her.

11.Who needs a new flat?

A.Alex.

B.Andrea.

C.Miranda.

12.Where is the woman now?

A.In Baltimore.

B.In New York.

C.In Avon.

听第9段材料，回答第l3至l6题。

13.What does Jan consider most important when he judges a restaurant?

A.Where the restaurant is.

B.Whether the prices are low.

C.How well the food is prepared.

14.When did Jan begin to write for a magazine?

A.After he came back to Sweden.

B.Before he went to the United States.

C.As soon as he got his first job in 1982.

15.What may Jan do to find a good restaurant?

A.Talk to people in the street.

B.Speak to taxi drivers.

C.Ask hotel clerks.

16.What do we know about Jan?

A.He cooks for a restaurant.

B.He travels a lot ofr his work.

C.He prefers American food.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. What dowe know about the piaza Leen?

A.it’s new buil ding

B.it’s a small town

C.it’s public place

18. When do partents and children like going to the Piaza Leen?

A.Saturday nights

B.Sunday afternoons

C.Fridays and Saturdays.

19. Which street is known for its food shops and markets?

A.Via dei Mar Street

B.Femando Street.

C.Hemandes Street

20. Why does the speaker like Horation Street best ?

A.It has an old stone surface.

B.it is named after a writer

C.It has a famous university.

第一部分（每小题1.5分）

1-5 ACACB 6-10 BBABA 11-15 BACAA 16-20 BCBCC

热身：

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

On receiving my learner’s permit a couple of months ago, I started driving lessons straight away. However, 61 wasn’t until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway. Our destination 62 (be) Orewa, a beautiful seaside town.

That morning I made sure I had everything ready for the journey, 63 nothing could have prepared me for my family’s complaints.

“Relax! Don’t hold the steering wheel so tightly.” I 64 (call) by a nervous voice from the backseat.

“Speed up. 70km/h isn’t fast enough. You are holding up the traffic,” ordered another voice from the seat next 65 me.

How 66 (annoy)! To satisfy them, I stepped hard on the accelerator (加速器), and within a second, an 67 (anger) voice began to yell again.

“Stop! Slow down! Are you crazy? Did I tell you to go above l00km/h?”

68 I drove into the city, where the speed limit was only 50km/h.

My family seemed relieved and stopped 69 (tell) me what to do. On our way home, the journey was much 70 (easy) than before as everyone else fell fast asleep. So, I just took my time and enjoyed the drive.

61. it 62. was 63. but 64. was called 65. to

66. annoying 67. angry 68. Finally 69. telling 70. easier

第四部分写作（共两节；满分35分）

第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

Last week, our school had organized an activity to climb the West Mountain. As soon as we arrived at the foot of a mountain, we set out for the summit in high spirits. During the climb, we had such much difficulty passing the rocky areas. But under the teacher’s help, we eventually reached the top, where we greeted by the bright sunshine and fresh air. Seeing from the top, the city was extreme beautiful. This event turned out to be very success. Not only did we take a break from our heavy school work, and also we learned what to communicate with each other.

Last week, our school had organized an activity to climb the West Mountain. As soon as we arrived at the foot of a mountain, we set out for the summit in high spirits. During the

the

climb, we had such much difficulty passing the rocky areas. But under the teacher’s help, we so with

eventually reached the top, where we ∧greeted by the bright sunshine and fresh air. Seeing

were Seen from the top, the city was extreme beautiful. This event turned out to be very success. Not only

extremely successful

did we take a break from our heavy school work, and also we learned what to communicate

but how

with each other.

能力提升：语言知识运用(五)

题组一

语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。

(2018·海口调研)

My fiancé(未婚夫)and I decided today was the day to treat ourselves to a nice dinner.It __1__ as“our day”，but little did we know that it would turn into much __2__.I didn't want the whole day to be about wanting to __3__ the office for the upcoming(即将到来的)__4__ and I didn't want it to be just another romantic night for two，__5__ I decided to do something to make ourselves and others happy.

I began in small ways.I __6__ a few more coins into the food vending machines(自动售货机)at work for the staff，so that there would be something for the next __7__ worker.I posted smile signs in the hall which gave __8__ instructions on how to smile as __9__ entered the office，either before their morning cup of coffee or right before a meeting with their boss.I drafted some powerful words of inspiration on colorful strips of paper and decorated my __10__ ，so that any colleague who came by might just__11__ for a moment，read，and __12__ change their feeling.

When it came time for our lovely dinner to __13__ that night，I left the server a big __14__ and a well-wishing note for her to have a __15__ day.As my fiance and I were just about to leave our table，the waitress __16__ tears beside us.We asked her to __17__ with us and we just listened.As an emotional mother-to-be，I __18__ along with her，too.Our table for two was now for __19__.

It was a day that was not __20__ ours，but it was the waitress'day，my co-workers' day，and now it's your day too!

1．A.started B．Adapted C．disappeared D．finished

2．https://www.360docs.net/doc/1e11070444.html,ter B．Worse C．more D．earlier

3．A.apply B．Leave C．find D．stay

4．A.party B．Picnic C．banquet D．dinner

5．A.if B．Though C．so D．because

6．A.turned B．Put C．made D．hid

7．A.full B．Sleepy C．angry D．hungry

8．A.few B．Clean C．clear D．puzzling

9．A.employees B．Managers C．friends D．bosses

10．A.home B．Office C．restaurant D．bedroom

11．A.stop B．Run C．eat D．buy

12．A.never B．Hardly C．frequently D．perhaps

13．A.change B．Begin C．arise D．end

14．A.bill B．Tip C．order D．menu

15．A.wonderful B．Careful C．busy D．anxious

16．A.looked into B．came into C．made into D．burst into

17．A.stand up B．sit down C．go away D．stay up

18．A.smiled B．Shouted C．cried D．cheered

19．A.three B．Four C．five D．six

20．A.ever B．Usual C．just D．even

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和她的未婚夫决定一起共进晚餐。在这本该属于他们自己的特殊一天里，作者却选择把关爱和欢乐一同送给同事、餐厅服务员、甚至是未曾谋面的陌生人，让爱和温暖滋润他人。

1．A考查动词辨析。根据下文的“but little did we know that it would turn into much ________”及下文内容可知，这顿晚餐一开始只属于我们。start意为“开始”，符合语境。故选A。

2．C考查形容词辨析。根据最后一段中的“but it was the waitress' day，my co-workers' day, and now it's your day too”可知，“我们”的这一天最后却变得更有意义，是更多人的一天。more 意为“更多”，符合语境。故选C。

3．B考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指吃晚饭前先离开办公室。leave意为“离开”，符合语境。故选B。

4．D考查名词辨析。根据第一段第一句中的“a nice dinner”可知，此处指即将到来的晚餐。故选D。

5．C考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指作者不想这一天只属于她和未婚夫，她也想给他人带来快乐。本句与上句构成因果关系。故选C。

6．B考查动词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，硬币应该是放入自动售货机。B项意为“放，安置”，符合语境。故选B。

7．D考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“food vending machines(自动售货机)”可知，此处指在自动售货机里放入多一些的硬币，是为了让下一个肚子饿了来买食物的同事有东西吃。hungry意为“饥饿的”，符合语境。故选D。

8．C考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“instructions”及上文中的“I posted smile signs in the hall”可知，此处指作者在大厅里贴出清晰易懂的笑脸示范。clear意为“清晰易懂的，明白清楚的”，符合语境。故选C。

9．A考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“right before a meeting with their boss”可知，此处应指雇员。故选A。

10．B考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“any colleague who came by”可知，作者装饰的是办公室。故选B。

11．A考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“for a moment，read”可知，路过的同事们看到激励的话会停下来读一读。故选A。

12．D考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，作者觉得这些激励的话可能会改变同事们的心情。此处表推测。故选D。

13．D考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“I left the server...”可推知，此处应表示在晚餐结束要离开的时候。end意为“结束，终止”，符合语境。故选D。

14．B考查名词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，在离开之前作者给服务员留下了很丰厚的小费。B项意为“小费”，符合语境。故选B。

15．A考查形容词辨析。根据上文及“a well-wishing note”可知，作者的便条是祝愿服务员有美好的一天。wonderful意为“精彩的，绝妙的”，符合语境。故选A。

16．D考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境可知，服务员看到作者的便条感动得哭了。burst into tears意为“突然哭了”，符合语境。故选D。

17．B考查动词短语辨析。根据空格后的“with us”可知，作者邀请服务员坐下来，听她倾诉。B项意为“坐下”，符合语境。故选B。

18．C考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“As an emotional mother-to-be”及语境可知，服务员突然哭起来，而作者作为一名感性的孕妇也陪她哭了起来。故选C。

19．A考查数词辨析。根据上文可知，作者夫妇和服务员一起坐着，因此一共是三个人。

故选A。

20．C考查副词辨析。句意为：这一天已经不仅仅是属于我们的，也是属于服务员的、我的同事的而且现在也是你们的。just意为“仅仅”，符合语境。故选C。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

根据下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2018·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试)

As a famous productive poet，Lu You from the Song Dynasty wrote more than 20 000 poems in his lifetime.The reason __1__ Lu You could write so much poetry was that he was talented，but more __2__ (important)，he also lived a long life.According to historical records，he lived to be 85 years old，the __3__ (long) living poet in the Song Dynasty.

However, Lu You was weak when he was a child.Lu joined the military as __4__ adviser in his middle ages and __5__ (start) to exercise his body and learn martial arts. After training for two years，Lu could shoot down a flying eagle __6__ (use) a bow and arrow，and he even killed a tiger.

During his later years，Lu You started the body building __7__ (call) chosho，or shouts，a long and loud cry.Chosho was quite popular in ancient __8__ (time)，which was not roaring or whistling，but a __9__ (skill) health method.When ancient people did chosho，they opened their body，breathed in deep and then breathed out in rhyme.

Chosho can relax your body and put you in a good mood.__10__ Lu You，chosho helped him get rid of diseases and medicine.

【解题导语】本文是一篇人物介绍，主要介绍了宋朝的著名诗人陆游，他是宋朝最长寿的诗人。本文主要介绍了他长寿的原因。

1．why考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用why引导此定语从句。

2．importantly考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，故填importantly。

3．longest考查形容词的比较等级。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处表示寿命最长的诗人，应用最高级。故填longest。

4．an考查冠词。此处表示泛指，意为“作为一名顾问”，adviser是可数名词，且其读音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。

5．started考查动词的时态。结合上下文可知，文章谈论的都是过去的事情，因此空格处应用一般过去时。故填started。

6．using考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词是“could shoot down”，故空格处应用非谓语形式。由于use与主语Lu之间构成主动关系，故用动词的现在分词形式作方式状语。故填using。

7．called考查非谓语动词。call与被修饰词body building之间构成被动关系，应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。故填called。

8．times考查名词复数。空格处表示时代，应用time的复数形式。故填times。

9．skillful考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词词组health method，故应用其形容词形式作定语，表示“一种有技巧的健康方式”。故填skillful。

10．For考查介词。此处指“对于陆游来说，chosho帮助他摆脱了疾病和药物”。空格处表示“对于……”，故用介词For，表示对象。注意首字母应大写。

题组二

语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。

(2018·乌鲁木齐第三次诊断)

It was 3 am，a cold and wet night，on August 21,2010.I had just left a local club to travel ten kilometers home when I lost __1__ of my car on Grand Junction Road in Hope Valley.

I __2__ into a still car that was __3__ in front of a house，and then hit a tree.I was badly injured！__4__ still，I had no idea that a fire had started __5__ the bonnet (引擎盖)of my car.

__6__ in the car behind me was a young man，who I later found out was called Jared.He saw the accident occur and __7__ to help me out of the car.He put his own life in __8__ when he got into the back seat trying to undo my seat belt.

With my seat belt __9__ ，Jared then broke the driver's window to drag me out.He __10__ did this while my car was burning.__11__ by the crash，the homeowners came out to investigate(调查)．Jared told them to ring emergency services __12__ he continued to help me out of the car.

I __13__ my life to Jared and I consider him a good friend due to the __14__ bond created on the night he dragged me to safety.I was rushed to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in a __15__ condition，five bones broken.

I spent a few weeks in hospital，during which time Jared visited me to see how I was __16__.He also continued to contact me after I returned home.He says he doesn't believe that he did anything special.On that，I __17__ disagree with him and am very glad that he didn't get hurt in the __18__.

Today，nearly seven years later，Jared and I still __19__ and often talk about the events of that night.Jared is my __20__ and my friend.

1．A.balance B．Sight C．interest D．control

2．A.got B．Stepped C．crashed D．hid

3．A.kept B．Parked C．found D．stood

4．A.Worse B．Luckily C．Clearly D．Badly

5．A.off B．Under C．near D．beyond

6．A.Sitting B．Sleeping C．Driving D．Waiting

7．A.stopped B．Failed C．happened D．hesitated

8．A.practice B．Hand C．safety D．danger

9．A.renewed B．Undone C．repaired D．fastened

10．A.hardly B．Gradually C．bravely D．naturally

11．A.Annoyed B．Dragged C．Warned D．Woken

12．A.while B．Although C．until D．since

13．A.devote B．Owe C．take D．save

14．A.bloody B．Social C．special D．loose

15．A.nervous B．Pleasant C．normal D．serious

16．A.recovering B．Operating C．struggling D．relaxing

17．A.eventually B．Exactly C．totally D．probably

18．A.spot B．Process C．way D．challenge

19．A.take care B．fit in C．drop in on D．keep in touch

20．A.angel B．Owner C．doctor D．driver

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。七年前的一个夜晚，“我”的车失控撞到前面的车辆和树木，然后起火，“我”受了重伤，“我”后边的车里的年轻人勇敢将“我”从车里救出来并把“我”送到医院。“我”康复后和那个年轻人成了好朋友。

1．D考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“hit a tree”可推知，“我”的车失控了。lose control of...为固定短语，意为“对……失去控制”，符合语境。故选D。

2．C考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“hit a tree.I was badly injured！”可推知，“我”撞上了一辆车。“crash into…”为固定短语，意为“撞上……”。故选C。

3．B考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“a still car”和空格后的“in front of a house”可推知，“我”撞上了一辆停在房子前面的车。B项意为“停放(汽车等)”，符合语境。故选B。

4．A考查副词辨析。根据本句中的“I had no idea that a fire had started...”可推知，撞车本来就是一件很糟糕的事，而着火则令事情更加糟糕。worse still意为“更糟糕的是”，符合语境。故选A。

5．B考查介词辨析。根据本句中的“the bonnet(引擎盖)of my car”可推知，车的引擎盖下面着火了，而作者并不知情。B项意为“在……下面”，符合语境。故选B。

6．C考查动词辨析。根据下文“He saw the accident occur...”及语境可知，这个年轻人目击了这起事故；由此可推知，他当时应该是在我后面开车。故选C。

7．A考查动词辨析。根据下文所描述的这个年轻人救“我”的过程可推知，此处是指他停下自己的车然后把“我”从车里救出来。stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”，符合语境。故选A。

8．D考查名词辨析。根据上文可知，“我”的车撞到了一辆车并起火；由此可推知，这个年轻人是冒着生命危险将“我”从车里拽出来的。put...in danger为固定搭配，意为“将……置于危险之中”。故选D。

9．B考查动词辨析。根据上一段中的“when he got into the back seat trying to undo my seat belt”可推知，他先解开了我的安全带。B项意为“解开，松开”，符合语境。故选B。

10．C考查副词辨析。根据本句中的“while my car was burning”可推知，当时车还在着火，所以将“我”从车里拽出来很危险，他的这个行为很勇敢。C项意为“勇敢地”，符合语境。故选C。

11．D考查动词辨析。根据文章第一句中的“It was 3 am, a cold and wet night”可知，此处指这家人被这场事故吵醒。D项意为“弄醒，醒来”，符合语境。故选D。

12．A考查连词辨析。句意为：Jared告诉他们打急救电话，同时继续把“我”从车中拽出来。while意为“与……同时”，强调两件事同时发生。故选A。

13．B考查动词辨析。此处指“我”能活下来是因为Jared。owe...to...为固定用法，意为“将……归功于……”。故选B。

14．C考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“created on the night he dragged me to safety”可知，此处是指在Jared救“我”的那晚我们就建立了特殊的联系。C项意为“特别的”，符合语境。故选C。

15．D考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“five bones broken”可知，“我”被送往医院时断了五根骨头；由此可推知，“我”的伤势很严重。D项意为“严重的”，符合语境。故选D。

16．A考查动词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，Jared来医院是看“我”恢复得怎么样了。A项意为“康复，恢复”，符合语境。故选A。

17．C考查副词辨析。根据前一句“He says he doesn't believe that he did anything special.”可知，他认为自己并没有做什么特别的事情。而“我”在这一点上完全不同意他的看法，因为他救了“我”的命。C项意为“完全地，全部地”，符合语境。故选C。

18．B考查名词辨析。此处是指“我”很庆幸他在营救“我”的过程中没有受伤。B项意为“过程”，符合语境。故选B。

19．D考查动词短语辨析。根据本句中的“often talk about the events of that night”可知，多年后我们仍然保持着联系。D项意为“保持联系”，符合语境。故选D。

20．A考查名词辨析。根据上文可知，Jared救过“我”的命，因此“我”觉得他是“我”的天使、“我”的朋友。A项意为“天使”，符合语境。故选A。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

根据下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2018·唐山一模)

With only about 1,800 ones left in the wild，all giant pandas are precious.However，Qizai，__1__ seven-year-old panda that lives at the Foping Panda Valley in China's Shanxi Province，is even more so.That's because he is among a handful of giant pandas __2__ (know)to be the only one __3__ brown and white fur in the reserve.The 220-pound Qizai has become a superstar，and many __4__ (toy)in his color have been made.However，life has not always been easy for him.

It was when he was just two months old that Qizai was abandoned by his mother.He spent his early years at the Shanxi Rare Wildlife Rescue Center.Then he__5__ (send)to his current home，__6__ there were many other giant pandas.However，the other pandas seemed__7__ (dislike)him and often bullied(欺负)him by stealing his bamboo.

Researchers are not sure why Qizai has different fur.Some assume that the brown fur is a result of a gene problem and__8__ think that it is due to climate.__9__ (hopeful)，scientists will be able to make a__10__ (discover) by observing Qizai's children.

体裁：说明文题材：环境与自然主题：珍稀动物——棕色大熊猫

【解题导语】世界上只有1,800只野生大熊猫，因此它们弥足珍贵，而拥有棕色皮毛的大熊猫七仔则更加稀有。

1．a考查冠词。句意为：然而，七仔——一只生活在中国陕西省佛坪熊猫谷的七岁大熊猫则更加珍贵。分析句子结构可知，此处________ seven-year-old panda是Qizai的同位语，且句中panda是单数，故填不定冠词a，表泛指。

2．known考查非谓语动词。句意为：那是因为我们都知道它是保护区内一群大熊猫中唯一一只有着棕白相间的毛色的大熊猫。设空处在句中作定语，修饰pandas，且逻辑主语pandas 与动词know之间为被动关系，故填过去分词known。

3．with考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，这只大熊猫具有这样的特征。with有“具有，带有”的意思，符合句意。故填with。

4．toys考查名词单复数。句意为：这只重220磅的大熊猫七仔已成为超级明星，很多玩具的毛色都做得跟它的一样。toy为可数名词，其前有many修饰，故应用复数形式。故填toys。

5．was sent考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：然后它被送到了它现在的家，那里有很多其他的大熊猫。设空处为主句的谓语，send与主语he之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据上一句时态可知，此处为发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。故填was sent。

6．where考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词home，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。

7．to dislike考查非谓语动词。句意为：但是，其他的大熊猫好像不喜欢它，经常欺负它，偷它的竹子。seem后接动词不定式，故填to dislike。

8．others考查代词。句意为：一些人认为棕色皮毛是基因问题，另一些人认为是气候原因。some...others...是固定搭配，意为“一些……另一些……”，故填others。

9．Hopefully考查词性转换。句意为：科学家们有望通过观察七仔的孩子来获得发现。设空处在句中作评注性状语，要用副词形式。故填Hopefully。

10．discovery考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。词后接可数名词单数，故填discovery。

阅读提速练(五)

时间：40分钟

阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A

(2018·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习)

No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972.Now，after more than

four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans back on the Moon is

finally heating up again.But who will get there first?

CHINA

On 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit

rover(探测车)on the Moon.It is now working on its next exploration https://www.360docs.net/doc/1e11070444.html,d Chang'e 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018.If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moon's far side.

RUSSIA

Russia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030.It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)．

INDIA

Following the success of its Chandrayaan-1 in 2008，India announced a follow-on mission.Chandrayaan-2 was meant to cooperate with Russia.But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone.Chandrayaan-2 is about to be sent up in 2018.

USA

In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth.All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.

1．What will China do in its next space mission?

A．Improve its Jade Rabbit rover.

B．Work with other countries.

C．Land Chang'e 4 on the Moon.

D．Explore the south pole of the Moon.

2．Why did India try to carry out its follow-on mission alone?

A．It couldn't find a partner.

B．It didn't get the lander as planned.

C．The Russians refused to work with India.

D．It planned to launch Chandrayaan-2 in advance.

3．Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?

A．Russia.B．China.

C．India. D．USA.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。

【难句分析】It is currently working an a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)．

分析：该句为主从复合句。句中whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)为whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a project；该定语从句中含有that引导的表语从句。

译文：当前(俄罗斯)正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。

1．C考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句“Named Chang'e 4, the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018”可知，嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地区。据此可知，中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月，故C项正确。根据第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon”可知，探索月球南极是俄罗斯的计划，而不是中国的计划，故D项错误；A、B项文中没有提及。

2．B考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句“But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013, India decided to go it alone”可知，由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，故印度决定自己实施登月计划，故B项正确。根据第四段第二句“Chandrayaan-2 was meant to cooperate with Russia”可知，印度Chandrayaan-2任务计划和俄罗斯合作完成，故A项错误；根据第四段第三句可知，俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，而不是拒绝合作，故C项错误；D 项文中没有提及。

3．A考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)”可知，当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。

B

(2018·云南高三年级八校跨区调研考试)

If our kids don't fall，they don't learn to get up.I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school.I'm the oldest of four children，and no doubt she'd had a long day with the other kids and it'd slipped her mind.After waiting at school for an hour，I walked the three miles home，and when I got to my house，I shut our front door with anger，stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom's face that she'd forgotten me.

Later that night，my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day.I figured my mom would still take me，but when the morning came，she refused.It was midterm，and as a straight-A student ready to start college applications，being late wasn't an option.In my mind，missing these tests would have been the end of my academic career.I begged my mom.I told her she was ruining my future and everything I'd worked for.But she held_her_ground，and that day，I walked to school.And I missed my tests.

My mom didn't rescue me from failure.She let me suffer from it.She let me figure it out.She let me learn.Now，as a mom myself，I've realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow，learn and think outside of ourselves.It's how we self-educate to learn what's right and respectable，and what's not.It's how we become responsible and enthusiastic.

Falling down makes us better，because we learn how to get up.

4．Why did the author shout at her mother?

A．Because she was tired after walking home.

B．Because she missed some important tests.

C．Because her mother had ruined her future.

D．Because her mother didn't pick her up home.

5．How does the author feel about her experience now?

A．Disappointed. B．Merciful.

C．Beneficial. D．Embarrassed.

6．What does the underlined phrase“held her ground”in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Stuck to her decision.

B．Gave in to me.

C．Said yes to me.

D．Stayed in the place.

7．What is the best title for the text?

A．Offer Your Kids Help if Necessary

B．Stop Rescuing Your Kids from Failure

C．Be Responsible for Your Kids' Failure

D．Try to Meet Your Kids' Demands

【解题导语】本文作者通过亲身体会告诉我们：失败让我们变得更好，因为我们在失败中学会成长。

【难句分析】Now, as a mom myself, I've realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow，learn and think outside of ourselves.

分析：这是一个复合句。本句含有that引导的宾语从句；because引导原因状语从句，how 引导表语从句。

译文：现在，作为一个母亲，我意识到我想让我的孩子经历失败，因为失败是我们如何成长、学习和思考的一个过程。

4．D考查细节理解。根据第一段的“After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home，and when I got to my house，I shut our front door with anger，stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom's face that she'd forgotten me”可知，作者在学校等了一个小时，后来自己走回了家，因此她对妈妈没有去学校接她非常生气。故选D。

5．C考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now, as a mom myself, I've realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow，learn and think outside of ourselves”说明作者现在认为她之前的经历对她是有益的(Beneficial)。

6．A考查词义猜测。根据第二段的“But she help_her_ground，and that day, I walked to school”中But的转折意味以及后面作者仍然走着去上学可知，妈妈仍坚持她的观点，没有送作者去上学。

7．B考查标题判断。根据第三段和第四段的叙述，尤其是第三段的“My mom didn't rescue me from failure”及“I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow，learn and think outside of ourselves”可知，B项最适合做文章标题。A项“如果有必要，给你的孩子提供帮助”与D项“尽力满足你孩子的要求”均与文章内容相悖。C项“对你孩子的失败负责”是年少时作者对妈妈的不满。

C

(2018·江西名校联盟检测)

For over a century，the Nashua River in Massachusetts provided power for mills(工厂)，which gave jobs to thousands of people.Over the years，these paper，cotton，wood，and woolen mills had dumped their waste into its waters.

By the 1960s，the Nashua River was about as polluted as any river could get.Its waters ran red or green or blue with dye (染料)from paper mills situated on its banks.The fumes(烟)from this dye blackened paint on the buildings near the river.

Then along came Marion Stoddart with a simple but overwhelming idea—clean up the Nashua.This was no one-woman campaign.Stoddart encouraged the paper mills and the business community to form partnerships to reclaim the river.She carried jars of dirty river water to local officials to demonstrate the seriousness of the problem.Stoddart talked with business leaders about economic problems.She talked with environmentalists about the long-term problems of pollution.

Stoddart knew that the State Water Pollution Control Board would have the final say on forcing the clean-up.When she spoke to the board，she insisted that the Nashua should be made safe for swimming.They thought her goals were unrealistic.

However，the partnerships Stoddart had helped form and the volunteers who were drawn to her cause never gave up.They all realized that cleaning up the river was in everyone's best interests.By 1993，several water treatment plants had been built，and a conservation area called a“greenway”had been created along the banks of the river.

Today mills are still operating along the river，but there are also fish in the river.The Nashua River welcomes boaters，naturalists，and even swimmers.None of this would have been possible without a woman of vision and a community working together.

8．What does the underlined word“reclaim” refer to?

A．Rescue. B．Enlarge.

C．Monitor. D．Explore.

9．What's the board's attitude to Stoddart's goal of improving the river?

A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.

C．Neutral. D．Cautious.

10．What kind of person is Marion Stoddart?

A．Independent and broad-minded.

B．Determined and far-sighted.

C．Intelligent and creative.

D．Stubborn and proud.

11．What message is conveyed through the no one-woman campaign?

A．It'll be all right on the night.

B．Prevention is better than cure.

C．Many hands make light work.

D．Failure is the mother of success.

【解题导语】本文讲的是Marion Stoddart如何联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河水污染。

【难句分析】None of this would have been possible without a woman of vision and a community working together.

分析：本句用了虚拟语气。None of this would have been possible表示与过去事实相反的情况，without引出虚拟条件。

译文：如果没有一个具有远见卓识的女人和一个一起努力的团体，所有这一切都是不可能的。

8．A考查词义猜测。结合语境及上下文中出现的“clean up the Nashua”“the clean-up”“cleaning up the river”等信息可知，此处指的应是河流治理方面的内容，由此可推知画线词的意思应是“改造”，与A项意思相近，故选A。

9．B考查观点态度。根据第四段中的“When she spoke to the board...They thought her

goals were unrealistic”可知，该委员会认为Stoddart改善河流状况的目标不切实际，即是持怀疑的态度的，故选B。

10．B考查推理判断。根据文章第三、四段中对Stoddart为了改善河流状况东奔西走的描述及最后一段中的“a woman of vision”可知，Marion Stoddart是一个有决心和有远见卓识的人。故选B。

11．C考查推理判断。通读全文可知，改善纳舒厄河被污染的现状并不是Stoddart一个人的战斗，她还积极地联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河水污染，并最终收到成效。由此可知，C项“人多好办事，众人拾柴火焰高”符合题意。A项意为“车到山前必有路”；B项意为“预防优于补救”。

D

(2018·辽宁省部分重点高中第三次联考)

Those who claim bananas are fattening argue that bananas cause the body to make lots of insulin(胰岛素)，and insulin causes fat growth.

How much insulin we produce is related to how fast food becomes sugar in our bloodstream.How can you know if food makes a lot of sugar quickly? The glycemic index(血糖指数)，or GI rating tells us.Foods with GI scores above 75 are considered high-GI foods，leading to faster sugar development.Bananas have a GI of 62，which is considered low.

Weight loss can be a struggle for anyone，but it is especially hard for diabetics(糖尿病患者)．A study looked at how the starch from unripe bananas affected the weight of a group of obese diabetics.After four weeks of a diet high in bananas，diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a control diet.They also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet.

What's more，bananas have been shown to cut risks of strokes，diabetes and cancers(Bananas are the most powerful fruit for lowering the risk of kidney cancer.)．Bananas are also a rich source of fiber，which has been shown to help weight loss.Bananas that still have some green on the skin are even higher in fiber.

Skins from green bananas can be taken and，after removing the stem and dark tip，cut into small pieces 2-3 inches long and 1/2 inch wide.These pieces can be made into a tea or added to a dish.When you eat the skins，be sure you are eating organic bananas.The flesh of regular bananas is low in pesticides，but the skins are not.

12．What conclusion can we draw from Paragraphs 1&2?

A．Bananas are likely to make people fat.

B．Insulin determines the amount of sugar.

C．Low-GI foods can turn into sugar more slowly.

D．The faster the food becomes sugar，the less insulin.

13．What does the author say about bananas?

A．Including bananas in diets is good for health.

B．Bananas can cure people suffering kidney cancer.

C．Eating organic bananas protect people from strokes.

D．Bananas' abundant fiber improves insulin sensitivity.

14．What is discussed in the last paragraph?

A．The use of banana skins.

B．The benefits of banana skins.

C．The importance of banana skins.

D．The ways of choosing organic bananas.

15．In which section of a newspaper can we read this passage?

A．Education. B．Health.

C．Culture. D．Science.

【解题导语】本文反驳了“吃香蕉会使人发胖”这一错误观点，告诉大家香蕉不会使身体分泌很多胰岛素而导致脂肪增加，相反，香蕉对身体健康有着诸多好处。

12．C考查推理判断。根据第二段中“How can you know if food makes a lot of sugar quickly? The glycemic index(血糖指数)．..faster sugar development”可知，血糖指数高的食物往往能更快地转化成糖分，反之，血糖指数低的食物转化成糖分的速度较慢。故选C。

13．A考查推理判断。根据文章第三段中的“diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a control diet.They also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet”及第四段的“bananas have been shown to cut risks of strokes，diabetes and cancers...weight loss”可知，香蕉可以帮助人们减肥，也能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，由此可得出这样的结论：将香蕉列入日常饮食对人们的健康有益，故选A。

14．A考查主旨要义。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“...can be made into a tea or added to a dish”可知，本段主要讲的是香蕉皮的用途。故选A。

15．B考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，香蕉不仅有助于减肥，还能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，而且香蕉皮也有用处。由此可知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选B。

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

(2018·合肥市高三调研性检测)

How to Set Goals

Whether you have small dreams or high expectations，setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life.Some achievements can take a lifetime to attain，while others can be completed in a day.__1__

·Determine your life goals.Ask yourself some important questions about what you want for your life.What do you want to achieve today，in a year，and in your lifetime？The answers to this question can be as general as“I want to be happy”or“I want to help people”．__2__

·Set specific goals.Be specific and realistic about what it is that you want to achieve.Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it.__3__ For example，“Be healthier”is too big and vague to be a helpful goal.“I want to eat more vegetables，and I want to run a marathon” is better.

·Write out your goals.Be detailed，be clear，and include your steps.__4__ Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently.This will help keep you motivated.

· __5__ You may find yourself set in your ways concerning broad life goals，but take the time to re-evaluate your smaller goals.Are you accomplishing them according to your timeline？Are they still necessary to keep you on track towards your larger life goals？Allow yourself the flexibility to make some small changes to your goals.

A．Adjust your goals.

B．Track and measure your progress.

C．Having deadlines will keep you motivated.

D．Consider what you hope to achieve in 10,15，or 20 years.

E．Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful.

F．Writing them down tends to make them become a little more real.

G．Remember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了设定目标的四种方法。

1．E根据空处所在位置可知，空处承上启下；结合下文各段的主题句可知，空处引出设定目标的有用方法，故E项符合语境。

2．D根据该段的主题句“Determine your life goals”可知，该段主要建议“确定你的终身目标”；据此可知，该目标属于长期目标，故D项符合语境。

3．G根据下文中的“For example，‘Be healthier’is too big and vague to be a helpful goal.‘I want to eat more vegetables，and I want to run a marathon’is better”可知，该处举例说明要把大目标分解成小目标，故G项符合语境。

4．F根据该段的主题句“Write out your goals”可知，要写下你的目标；据此可以判断，空处解释“写下目标”的原因，故F项符合语境。

5．A根据空处所在位置可知，空处是该段的主题句；结合该段内容尤其是该段尾句“Allow yourself the flexibility to make some small changes to your goals”可知，该段主要讲可以灵活地对你的目标做一些改变，故A项符合语境。