英语论文 呼啸山庄

毕业论文

题目：Return to Nature – On the Conflict between

Nature and Civilization in Wuthering

Heights

学院：外国语学院

摘要

艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期一名杰出的作家。她短暂的一生只留下一部杰作－－《呼啸山庄》。这部小说因其永久的魅力和广泛的畅销被列为世界名著。然而，这部小说的价值直到二十世纪才被人们重新发现。随着时间的推移，她的小说越来越受到关注。一百多年来，学术界对其小说《呼啸山庄》分别从主题、主旨、写作技巧、语言风格、女性主义、生态批评等不同角度进行过研究。本文从象征主义的角度来解读自然和文明的关系，二者之间相互斗争，但最终因为文明的侵犯和本性的扼杀造成了西斯克里夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧，同时折射出造成人类悲剧命运的根源和重回自然的思想。

勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中构建起分别象征着自然的呼啸山庄和文明的画眉山庄，把维多利亚时代的矛盾压缩进两个家庭的故事中。本文以凯瑟琳的命运为中心线索，分别论证了呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的象征意义。凯瑟琳是文明和自然的交织点，通过论述凯瑟琳的异化，迷失和归复来说明文明压抑了人性，要求人顺应人性回归自然的思想。

关键词：自然；文明；凯瑟琳；西斯克里夫；象征主义

Abstract

Emily Bront? is a brilliant writer in Victorian Age. In her short life, she writes only one novel, Wuthering Heights, which has become a worldwide classic for its enduring interest and wide popularity. However, the novel is ignored by the readers and critics of the Victorian Age. It is not until the 20th century that the true value of the novel is discovered. As time passes by, her novel has gained more and more attention. Throughout the hundred years the scholars have attained remarkable achievements from diffident points of view, such as themes, narrative skills, writing style, language, feminism and ecocriticism. This paper tries to apply symbolism to analyze the relation between nature and civilization, which are fighting with each other. But the violation of civilization and the death of nature are responsible for the tragedy of Heathcliff and Catherine. The novel mirrors the root of tragedy of human and akes people to return to nature.

In this novel Bront? builds Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, which are the tokens of nature and civilization respectively. She condenses the contradiction of the Victorian Age into the story of the two families. The paper is built around the fate of Catherine. It studies the symbolic meanings of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. Catherine is the conjunction of nature and civilization and the conflict of them is vividly shown in her. The alienation, loss and return of Catherine indicates that civilization represses the nature of human and man should return and comply to nature.

Key words: nature; civilization; Catherine; Heathcliff; symbolism

Contents

1. Introduction (1)

2. The Life of Nature in Wuthering Heights (4)

2.1 Wuthering Heights—the Symbol of Nature (4)

2.2 The Wilderness of Catherine and Heathcliff (5)

3. The Life of Civilization in Thrushcross Grange (8)

3.1 Thrushcross Grange－the Symbol of Civilization (8)

3.2 The Lost Spirit between Nature and Civilization (9)

4. Conclusion (12)

Works Cited (14)

Acknowledgments (15)

1. Introduction

Emily Bront?, the well-known novelist in English literary history, is the most accomplished among the Bront?Sisters. All her life she only writes one novel, Wuthering Heights, which is published in 1947 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. This book gives her worldwide fame. It is termed as one of the most shocking and charming works in the world literature. Algernon Charles Swinburne, the distinguished critic of England, puts that Emily is a genius of tragedy and her novel can stand in the same level with King Lear and Mobi Dick, or the Whale. (Swinburne,1883:18)

As a marvelous work in world literature, Wuthering Heights is exceedingly attractive to the critics all around the world. They give it manifold interpretations with different theories from different points of views, such as the theme, the narrative method, the rhetoric devices, the analysis of characters, symbolism, imagery, gothic element, the background and experiences of Emily and the comparison between other works. The critics and scholars strain their brains to dig up the profound and practical meaning from this great work in an attempt to apply it to the modern society.

Symbolism is one of the reasons to account for the charm of this novel. This novel grows out of the sittings, characters, plots, images and events. The symbolic settings of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange are important to the novel. Through the symbolic scenes, the different atmospheres have been presented lively. The characters‘ complicated psychological activities become concrete, visual and acceptable through the use of symbolism. It offers Emily the opportunity to analyze the contradiction of her age through the interesting story. As E.M. Frost interprets Wuthering Heights, ―the emotions of Heathcliff and Catheri ne Earnshaw function differently to other emotions in fiction...they surround them like thunder clouds, and generate the explosions that fills the novel. Wuthering Heights is filled with sound-storm and rushing wind, a sound more important than words and t houghts.‖ (Frost,2001:66) David Cecil said that Wuthering Heights is a symbol of natural philosophy of Emily and what Emily wants to display is the conflict between storm

and serenity of the cosmos instead of that of the goodness and the wickedness in the society. (Cecil,2002:180)

The relation between nature and civilization undoubtedly catches the eyes of the academia. Foreign scholars get a lot of remarkable achievements about this novel. Stevie Davies says that although nature and civilization is in constant fierce dialogue, nature will tame and nourish nature just as little Catherine conquers Hareton with knowledge. (Davies,2004:247) Cecil reveals that there are the opposite forces in the novel－nature and civilization, but they are the components of a harmony instead of conflicting with each other. (Cecil,2002:87) Virginia Woolf proclaims that the world is split apart by two kinds of extremes and what Emily wants to do is to make the chaotic world harmonious. (Woolf,2001:77)

There are also a lot of achievements in our country. Dong Rui thinks the philosophical relation between nature and civilization should reach a compromise. If the contradiction between them is not solved well, the disasters will occur. (董瑞, 2009:1-39) Xi Xia holds that nature and civilization will be enemy forever. The rules of the civilized world repress the wonderful humanity and bring tragedy to human. (奚霞,2011:1-31) Liang Xi points out that although the conflict between nature and civilization is inevitable, the tendency of them is in harmony. (梁昕,2005:96-99) Chen Maolin thinks that the conflict between nature and civilization is ever-lasting. But their co-existence will be good to the development of society. (陈茂林,2007:69-73) Pei Jiejun is opposite to them. He holds that the civilization is detrimental to the humanity and the violation of civilization should be responsible for the twist of the humanity. (裴洁俊,2011:261) Zhou Qinghe says the tragic end of the uneventful love is the result of the struggle between personality and culture. (周庆贺,2003:77-78) Fu Xiaoping thinks that people have wonderful humanity and the civilization is the best direction for people. (付小平,2009:42-43)

In this paper I want to discuss the conflict between nature and civilization in terms of the symbolism. This paper will be divided into four parts. The first part is introduction. This part will focus on the importance of the writer and scholars‘ achievements on Wuthering Heights. The second part is chapter one. In this part I will

talk about the symbolic meaning of Wuthering Heights and the natural life in this place. The third part is chapter two. In this part I will pay my attention to the symbolic meaning of Thrushcross Grange and the repressed life in Thrushcross Grange. In the fourth part conclusion will be given. Through the comparison of the natural life in Wuthering Heights and the tortured life in Thrushcross Grange, Emily summons people to return to the simple but happy life. At the same time, Emily gives a fierce attack against the values of the Victorian Age, such as the hierarchical system and vanity.

2. The Life of Nature in Wuthering Heights

Emily Bront? is a master of symbolism. In Wuthering Heights she condenses an endless and real world into a small thing. Virginia Woolf says that both Emily and Charlotte are inclined to resort to the power of nature. (Woolf,2001:148)The landscapes under their pens are permeated with affection. Emily uses them to disclose the theme of the novel instead of decorating the tedious words. The most remarkable symbolism in this novel is the conflict between nature and civilization. Thus Wuthering Heights is by no means a simple name of a house but the token of the untamed nature.

2.1 Wuthering Heights—the Symbol of Nature

Located in the desolate and boundless moor, Wuthering Heights mirrors the coarse and humble aspect of nature. It is dominated by heavy winds and severe atmosphere. Its name ―Wuthering‖, a provincial adjective, indicates that it exposes itself in the stormy weather and stands the tumult bravely. ―One may guess the power of the north wind blowing over the edge, by the excessive slant of a few stunted firs at the end of the house; and by a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun.‖(Bront?,1999:2) Wuthering Heights stands in the dangerous moor so that the people who are acquainted with it will lost their way. People are easily trapped in the lethal swamp.

The atmosphere of Wuthering Heights means that it is a world of nature which is pure and intact. The world is not touched and polluted by the civilized world. Anything that wants to violate it is forbidden. The primitive wilderness of nature finds adequate expression in Wuthering Heights. But Wuthering Heights is also surrounded by the beautiful heathers. One can feel the fresh air and see the rippling creeks in the moor. Wuthering Heights never lacks the charming and beautiful aspect of nature. Therefore, Wuthering Heights is the epitome of nature, which owns the internal destruction and primitive wilderness as well as the inviolable peace.

The people in Wuthering Heights live a simple and even unadorned life. People can know it clearly when they have a scrutiny on the layout of the parlor. Shoddy

guns, various food and the barking puppies can been seen everywhere. Mr. Lockwood gives us the description of life in Wuthering Heights. ―One step brought us into the family sitting-room, without any introductory lobby or passage: they call it here ?the house‘preeminently...at least I distinguished a chatter of tongues, and a chatter of culinary utensils, deep within.‖ (Bronte,1999:2) Obviously there is a correspondence between the atmosphere of Wuthering Heights and the life here.

The wild and free atmosphere exerts great influence on the people of Wuthering Heights. They are strong, good-hearted and have stormy personalities. For example, when Mr. Lockwood is attacked by the dogs, ―a lusty dame, with tucked-up gown, bare arms, and fire-flushed cheeks, rushed into the midst of us flourishing a frying-pan‖. (Bront?,1999:4) Old Mr. Earnshaw ignores other‘s opinions and regards a humble Gypsy boy as ―a gift of God‖. (Bront?,1999:29) Seemingly Nelly is disgusted with Heathcliff but she gives him the encouragements and love of mother. Wuthering Heights is a simple and natural world with simple people.

2.2 The Wilderness of Catherine and Heathcliff

Forged by the rugged surroundings, Catherine and Heathcliff are the sons of nature. They are strong, rebellious and kind. Heathcliff is far from the restrictions of various norms of society and his heart is never open to the Christian thoughts. Catherine is far from the commotion and secular things and she keeps her heart intact. All the years around she runs across the barren moor and enjoys the pleasure that nature brings to her. Their wild and pure personalities are in debt to the beautiful and free nature.

When scolded by all the people, Catherine behaves arrogantly and thinks she is the happiest girl in the world. She has a gift to turn Joseph‘s religious curses into ridicule and she always defies the authority of her father. As a daughter of nature, she behaves without affectation and bears little resemblance to the girls of her age. Her wildness finds adequate expression in the comment of Nelly. ―…she put all of us past our patience fifty times and oftener in a day. from the hour she came down stairs till the hour she went to bed, we had not a minute's security that she wouldn't be in

mischief. Her spirits were always at high-water mark, her tongue always going—singing, laughing, and plaguing everybody who would not do the same…‖ (Bront?,1999:34) Far from the hypocritical civilization, this ―wild and wicked girl‖ has the ―bonniest eye, and sweetest smile, and lightest foot in the parish.‖ (Bront?, 1999:34)

Heathcliff‘s name is the combination of the word ―heath‖ and ―cliff‖. The name always reminds people of dangers and destruction. When he appears in the novel, he is so impressive that everyone calls him ―the wild child‖. Nature is his paradise and he always finds comfort in it when he is painful. Even his wilderness cannot be prevented by the tyrannical rules of Hindley who bears an ancient grudge against him. What Hindley wants to do is to deprive happiness of Heathcliff but he fails. Although he degrades Heathcliff and obliges him to do the arduous work, Heathcliff can get happiness in the moor. ―It is one of their chief amusements to run away to the moors in the morning and remain there all day, and after punishment grew a little thing to laugh at. The curate might set as many chapters as he pleased for Catherine to get by heart, and Joseph might thrash Heathcliff till his arm ached; they forgot everything the minute t hey were together again.‖(Bront?,1999:37)

The two children love each other deeply. They have a better understanding that they are made by the same thing and both of them are sons of nature. All the punishments will be ignored when they consign themselves to nature. The bleak and boundless moor is their harbor of their exhausted hearts. The moor offers them a place to relax their wild spirits. Although there are various troubles in Wuthering Heights, such as the afflicts imposed by stubborn Joseph who attempts to curb their wilderness with the Christian thoughts, rebellious Catherine and Heathcliff always get happiness from their fierce revolts. The funny and free experiences in Wuthering Heights have been kept in the diary of Catherine: ―H, and I are going to rebel—we took our initiatory step this evening... I took my dingy volume by the scroop, and hurled it into the dog—kennel, vowing I hated a good book. Heathcliff kicked his to the same place.‖(Bront?,1999:17) Both of them are opposite to the boring and routine religious

rituals. They think those are responsible for the repressed nature. This rebellious spirit stems from their wild and free personality which is endowed by nature.

During their revolts against Hindley, they find the elements of wilderness in each other. This untamed nature offers them the happy world. Catherine tells Nelly that her life in Wuthering Heights is much better than Heaven because Heathcliff is here. This is also a reason why Catherine wants to relive this unforgettable experiences when she is tormented to death by two kinds of tremendous forces after her marriage. It is a kind of vehement and destructive love which is unpolluted by the secular things, such as fame, wealth and social status. Maybe the happy and pure life in Wuthering Heights is a good reason why Catherine looks down upon Thrushcross Grange and asks Edgar to bury her in the moor—her only way to return to nature.

Emily is a worshiper of nature. Her frantic love towards the bleak moor of her hometown is beyond people‘s imagination. All the years around, her solitary figure can be seen in the moor. Only in the untrodden moor, is her heart permeated with glee and freedom. Once she is far from the moor and trapped in the social life, the strong feeling of uneasiness will seize her. (Bront?,1999:55) Wuthering Heights is no more than the duplicate of the hometown of Emily.

Emily thinks that nature provides people with a more simple but pure life. Through the description of the life of Wuthering Heights, the happy, healthy and natural life is presented to people. Emily displays her opinion through the words of Mr. Lockwood. After hearing the story of Catherine and Heathcliff, Mr. Lockwood, the tenant of Wuthering Heights, speaks highly of its atmosphere. He thinks people here acquire more happiness than people in towns because ―they do live in earnest, more in themselves, and less in surface change, and frivolous external things‖. (Bront?,1999:7) Therefore, he believes that this place is suitable for the existence of the love. Although the life in Wuthering Heights is humble and coarse, people can get felicity.

3. The Life of Civilization in Thrushcross Grange

The Victorian period also witnesses the burgeoning development of capitalist society. But it strengthens and fastens the conflict between nature and civilization. The civilized world is encroaching on the territory of nature and it exerts great influence on the values and lifestyles of human. People get comfortable life at the cost of some good qualities of the natural world. It is a complicated world full of various vices and it will kill people‘s primitive happiness. This world is defined as vanity fair by William Makepeace Thackeray. As a brilliant representative of critical realism, Emily is never indifferent to the existence of civilization and the fierce battle between nature and civilization. Besides Wuthering Heights, Emily builds a civilized world－Thrushcross Grange.

3.1 Thrushcross Grange－the Symbol of Civilization

Making a sharp contrast with the Wuthering Heights, Thrushcross Grange is the epitome of the civilized society, a place to manifest norms of the civilized society. It prevails graceful, serene and civilized atmosphere. The nature of the habitants here is modified by religious belief and social norms. Their life shine with the dazzling light of civilization. Even Catherine and Heathcliff are overwhelmed by this alienable and magnificent world when they intrude into this civilized world accidentally. ―It was beautiful—a splendid place carpeted with crimson, and crimson-covered chairs and tables, and a pure white ceiling bordered by gold, a shower of glass—drops hanging in sliver chains from the centre, and shimmering with little soft tapers‖(Bront?,1999:38)

Just as the bleak and untamed moor gives the unique personalities to the people in Wuthering Heights, the magnificent grange also has great influence on the personalities of people here. Although Thrushcross Grange has the gorgeous landscape and splendid decoration, people here are weak and lack vitality. Edger Linton and his sister are compared to the flowers of the greenhouse. They scramble for a dog and they cry easily. This thing will never happen in Wuthering Heights.

Therefore, their behaviors are despised by Catherine and Heathcliff. When the Lintons go to church, they are covered by layers of clothes in the carriage. But the Earnshaws go to church by horse in winter.

The Lintons not only stand for weakness, but also for people who are colored by the vices of the Victorian Age. The civilized life offers them the comfortable and noble life but they are deprived of the wonderful things which are endowed by the simple and pure life. The Lintons have different treatments towards Catherine and Heathcliff, because the former is the sister of the owner of Wuthering Heights and the later is a humble and penniless boy. They are enslaved by the hierarchical system. The Lintons‘ disgust at Heathcliff and their ―vacant blue eyes‖ (Bront?,1999:41) reflect the deflects of the civilized life.

3.2 The Lost Spirit between Nature and Civilization

Catherine, the daughter of nature, is seduced by the luxurious and comfortable life. Although she has passionate love towards nature never release, her short stay in Thrushcross Grange influences her. The vices of the civilized world are violating her pure and innocent spirit, such as vanity and hierarchical thought. Mrs. Linton laughs at the humble behaviors of Heathcliff and warns Edgar not to speak to him. These thoughts let Catherine be shame of the coarse life. Before the death of Catherine, Heathcliff tells us the reason of their tragic end: ―...Misery, and degradation, and death, and nothing that God or Satan could inflict would have parted us, you, of your own will, did it...‖ (Bront?,1999:135)

In Thrushcross Grange she represses her true heart and behaves like a graceful and elegant girl. Her vanity and the rules of the civilized world tell her that becoming the owner of Thrushcross Grange is much better than the life of Wuthering Heights and only the rich man is suitable for her. Obviously she begins to be influenced by the inhuman values of the civilized world. It is the first time that Catherine asks Heathcliff to wash his dirty face. Her vanity makes her to accept the proposal of Edgar and abandons her true love. This pure and wild spirit has been colored by her

vanity and hierarchical thought－the side effects of the civilized world.

But Catherine gradually realizes this life is devoid of vitality and filled with hypocritical thought. It will kill her sooner or later. The boring life in Thrushcross Grange gives her a feeling that a wild and free bird has been trapped in the golden cage. Instead of breathing fresh air in the boundless moor and being comforted by the omnipotent nature, she is confined to the exquisite house. She represses her wildness to humor her civilized life in Thrushcross Grange. Even Nelly is changed by the rules of the civilized world. In Wuthering Heights Nelly serves as a mother or friend while here even Nelly is warned sternly of being polite to the hostess. The change of Nelly makes Catherine upset because it reminds her of the dilemma in Thrushcross Grange. Nelly tells to Mr. Lockwood: ― I lea rned to be less touchy; and, for the space of half a year, the gunpowder lay as harmless as sand, because no fire came near to explode it. Catherine had seasons of gloom and silence, now and then...she was never subject to depres sion of spirits before.‖ (B ront?,1999:77)

Catherine tells Nelly that she has endured very bitter misery alone in this civilized world. The return of Heathcliff gives her real life again. Heathcliff makes her realize the restrictions and impotency of the civilized world. Facing the revengeful behaviors of Heathcliff, Edgar Linton cries for the love of Catherine. This weakness and blankness strengthens Catherine‘s realization that she makes a big mistake because of her vanity. She is chewed by her wrong decision. She tortures herself to death.

She is so eager to return to nature that she opens window to feel the cold wind. The wind of the moor is the food of her spirit. She thinks it is a way to kill the repressed time in Thrushcross Grange. Although Catherine strains her brain to harmonize the relation between Heathcliff and her husband, she fails. Catharine displays her regret again and again before her death. She shouts out: ―I wish I were out of doors! I wish I were a girl, half savage and handy, and free...I‘m sure I shoul d be myself were I once among the heather on those hills.‖ (Bront?,1999:106) The life in the civilized world makes the free spirit bath in tears.

As far as Catherine is concerned, the seven years in the civilized world is a blank.

Her secular love to Edgar is not enough to support her life. The splendid life brings ruin to her love as well as herself. When Heathcliff complains about her betrayal, she sobs: ― If I‘ve done wrong, I‘m dying to it.‖ (Bront?,1999:136) Before she dies, she regrets for her decision and looks down upon the decent life. She asks Edgar to bury her in the free moor instead of the church. Her death is the only available way to correct her mistake and let her come back to nature.

Catherine‘s death in Thrushcross Grange is full of me aning. In the beginning of the novel, Mr. Lockwood is told by the ghost of Catherine: ―I‘m come home. I‘d l ost my way on the moor!‖ (Bront?,1999:20) Her words mean that she has betrayed her heart and now she wants to go to nature. The window symbolizes civilization. The window prevents her from her ideal home－nature. Because of her vanity she has been punished for many years as a lost ghost. Her dream of returning to nature is fulfilled after Heathcliff smashes the window into pieces.

Bront? is a recluse of the Victorian Age. She witnesses the changes of many pure spirits owing to the violation of civilization. The values of the capitalist society get the upper hand, such as vanity and hierarchical system. Emily cannot come to terms with this complicated age. She thinks that the civilized life must bring disasters to people. She testifies herself in this novel. Catherine makes Heathcliff a victim－a demonic revenger with the twist humanity. Even the tragedy continues in the second generation. If Wuthering Heights endows life with Catherine, Thrushcross Grange deprives her of the vigorous and free life.

The death of Catherine in Thrushcross Grange reflects the spiritual death of the people in Victorian period. Through the death of Catherine, Emily attacks against civilization. At the same time, the ghosts attain happiness again in the moor after Heathcliff breaks the window. It is safe to say that Emily cherishes hope towards the lost people.

4. Conclusion

Wuthering Heights is great and unique. Since its appearance, it has attracted countless readers with its enduring charm. It gives people a vehement and tragic story of love as well as a miniature of the Victorian Age. Emily, the great novelist, makes us relive this complexed age and feel the conflict between nature and civilization. The scholars who devote themselves to the study of the English literature will not ignore this great work. Oates says that people are still shocked by the superb craftsmanship and rich imagination in Wuthering Heights again and again. (Oates,2006:205) The novel is filled with symbolism. Wuthering Heights is the token of nature, which is intact and untamed by civilization. Therefore, it keeps the wonderful lifestyle. It is a pure field which is protected by nature. The personalities of people in Wuthering Heights bear resemblance to the atmosphere. They live a simple but happy life in this natural place. The most remarkable characters in this place are Heathcliff and Catherine. They are the sons of nature and nature endows them with wilderness. Thus they are rebellious and have pure love to each other. In fact, the whole Wuthering Heights is a symbol of the natural life. It represents the natural, healthy and happy life.

Indeed, it is the ideal kingdom of the heart of Emily. Living in the desolated moor, Emily holds deep love to nature. This point is truthfully reflected in the description of Wuthering Heights and the characters.

But Emily is not a romanticist completely. She is a brilliant representative of critical realism. Victorian period is witnessing great changes. People are caught by the conflict between nature and civilization. Civilization brings people the comfortable life but ruins some wonderful qualities. Thrushcross Grange is the symbol of civilization. In fact, what Catherine and Heathcliff are facing is the problems with which the people in Victorian Age are confronted. Catherine is everyone who cannot deal with the relation between nature and civilization well. The values of the civilized world are conquering the spirits of natural life. In the natural life of Wuthering Heights, the hierarchical thought and vanity are far from Catherine and others. Even

Nelly doesn‘t look down upon Heathcliff. The natural atmosphere nourishes the simple and pure spirit. But after her encounter with Thrushcross Grange－civilization, Catherine betrays her heart and love because of the hierarchical thoughts and vanity. These vices are the result of the civilized world. Civilization is violating the natural and pure life. Some people are conquered at the cost of the happy life.

The alienation of Catherine brings destructive disasters, such as her death, the twist humanity of Heathcliff and the sorrow end of Edgar. The death of Catherine is heavily loaded with symbolic meaning. At the same time, the dying Catherine makes a sharp contrast between the life of nature and that of civilization. Although tortured by the civilized world, Catherine is eager to come back to nature. She compares north wind in the moor to her breath and she thinks civilization deprives her of spirit. The death of Catherine is a fierce attack against civilization which brings vanity and hierarchical thoughts.

Through the comparison between natural life and civilized life, Emily displays her opinion. Although the natural life is coarse and humble, nature gives people simple but happy life. Emily feels this is a kind of life which is forbidden in the civilized world. Civilization brings the comfortable and noble life, but the restrictions of the civilized world prevents people from the free and happy life. It teaches people values and represses people‘s nature. In the end it will ruin all the wonderful things. Seemingly it tells about the love story of Heathcliff and Catherine, but Wuthering Heights is a great book touching upon the historic problems－the conflict between nature and civilization.

In conclusion, what Emily wants to tell us is that the violation of the civilized world will bring tragedy to the human race. The natural and free spirit is killed by the decent and luxurious life. Although people‘s natural heart are repressed, the explosion of the repressed nature will brings more dangers. The restrictions of the civilized life kill the wild spirit. Therefore, she summons the lost people to return to nature－the natural, healthy and happy life.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to my supervisor who has devoted her precious time to making critical comments on it, I can finish my thesis smoothly. Her knowledge of language as well as her careful comments, suggestions and encouragements, is of great value in helping me complete the thesis.

Besides the help from my professor, I should also convey my thanks to my schoolmate. She also gave lots of useful advice on my thesis.

Finally, I would also like to extend my gratitude to my beloved family. For their love is endless motivation to help me overcome various difficulties, I own most of my academic progress to them.