英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词）

敬告：

以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。

过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语；

过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。

1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。

(1) We found the fish eaten by our cat.

(2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English.

2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。

(1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful.

(2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed).

(3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano.

3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系；

过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective.

If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective.

(2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.

Because Andy is offered an important role in a new movie, he has a chance to become famous.

若要强调一个动作，不论主动还是被动，在主句谓语动作之前已经完成，体现时间差，用现在分词的完成式having done或完成被动式having been done，请比较下面的例句与前面的区别：

(3) Having been told many times, he finally understood it.

After he had been told many times, he finally understood it.