英语专业语言学考试试题
英语专业语言学考试试题
Information for the examinees:
This examination consists of Four sections. They are:
Section I: Content Awareness of the Course (30 points, 20 minutes)
Section II: General Principles of Language and Linguistics (30 points, 25 minutes)
Section III: Some Specific Aspects of Language and Linguistics (20 points, 35 minutes)
Section IV: Analysis and Application (20 points, 40 minutes)
The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this
examination is 2 hours.
You must write all your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Section I: Content Awareness of the Course 30 points
I. Choose the best answer to complete the following statements. Write your answers on the
Answer Sheet. (10 points, 1 point for each item)
1. "Historical linguistics" seeks to provide scientific evidence ( )
A. of the reasons for human speech
B. of human habitation in Africa
C. why there are many world languages
D. concerning the origins of speech
2. Which of the following does NOT have something to do with the production of speech
sounds? ( )
A. Organic analysis
B. Linguistic analysis
C. Acoustic analysis
D. Phonetic analysis
3. In determining the symbolic nature of language humans( )
A. examine Braille and signs
B. examine the media and signs
C. examine the language of the media
D. examine the language itself
4. The aims of Unit 4 are to understand that language functions in the world ( )
A. through the use of naming devices and education
B. by people experiencing abstractions in education
C. based on experience, abstraction and symbolism
D. through symbolic and abstract experiences
5. The aim of Unit 5 is for students to understand that speech acts( )
A. need to be defined precisely through oral actions
B. need to be terminated under appropriate circumstances
C. need to be defined, analysed and comprehended
D. need to be analysed by definition and example:
6. Generally speaking, 脸and 面子is: ( )
A. more important for teenage girls than boys
B. something teenagers don"t worry about
C. not the same for adults as for teenagers
D. the same for adults as for teenagers
7. In face to face talk people"s interactive behaviour is based upon( )
A. Principles of Desire and Decisions
B. The Principle of Mutual Desirability
C. Principles of Decision Making
D. The Principle of Mutuality
8. If an 9verseas Chinese is called monolingual this means ( )
A. the person speaks primarily English but also speaks Chinese at home
B. the person has had to choose between speaking another language or Chinese
C. the choice of speaking a language has been limited to one of two languages
D. the person has chosen to speak Chinese in public and at home
9. According to the course our brain is divided into two hemispheres. Language functions are
mainly located in the ( )
A. left hemisphere
B. lower hemisphere
C. right hemisphere
D. upper hemisphere
10. The story of Genie in Unit 9 seems to highlight the language hypothesis of~ ( )
A. Eric Lenneherg
B. Antonio Francs
C. Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itar
D. Sigmund Freud
11. Choose those words or phrases that best complete the following sentences. Write your
answers on the Answer Sheet. Note that there are more words or phrases than necessary.
of 11 ~ by
12 bas contributed to civilized and meaningful living.
B. The British manual alphabet and 13 are mediums of language representation .
C. Chinese writing is 14 , rather than 15
D. When we name things it involves an act of 16 . This act is not neutral therefore
there are social as well as 17 repercussions.
E. When asking the names of people, Chinese people appear to be more
18
compared to British people who seem to be very 19
F. When words enter into sequential relation, it is called 20 relation.
Section II: General Principles of Language and Linguistics 30 points
III. Decide if the following statements are True or False according to what you"ve learned from the course book. (10 points, 1 point for each item)
21. The linguistic theory called " transformational-generative grammar" focuses on the
relationship between the language and the brain.
22. The lips are a part of the vocal tract.
23. Signs and icons are, in reality, the same thing.
24. Humans are not good at abstraction.
25. Ill0cutionary acts can be performed both directly and indirectly.
26. Some dialects or accents are related to social or economic status in China.
27. The Chinese characters 1--~-,:~ and i are examples of written norms.
28. Non-verbal signals are, generally, easily interpreted.
29. Status and regional identity can be linked to dialect.
30. The "classical" view of the terms ,~,~, and .1~,~, was that because the radical ,I~" was used
it connected the heart to the concept of thinking.
IV. Read the questions in Column A and choose the right one from Column B to answer each of them. Write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. There is ONLY one answer for each question. (20 points, 2 points for
请将答案按标题序号写在横线上:
1.____
2._____
3.____
4._____
5.____
6.____
7.____
8.____
9._____ 10.____ 11._____ 12.____ 13.____ 14.____ 15.____ 16._____ 17____ 18._____ 19.____ 20.____ 21.____ 22.____ 23._____ 24.____ 25._____ 26.____ 27.____ 28.____ 29.____ 30._____ 31.____ 32._____ 33.____ 34.____ 35.____ 36.____ 37._____ 38.____ 39._____ 40.____
英语专业语言学试题答案
I. (Questions 1--10:10 points, 1 point for each item)
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. B
9. A 10. A
II. (Questions 11--20:20 points, 2 points for each item)
11. D 12. E 13. B 14. H 15. L 16. K 17. G 18. I 19. C 20. A
III. (Questions 21-30:10 points, 1 point for each item)
21. F 22. T 23. F 24. F 25. T 26. T 27. F 28. F 29. T 30. T
IV. (Questions 31-40:20 points, 2 points for each item) 31. P 32. D 33. M 34. O 35. C 36. H 37. S 38. G 39. L 40. F
英语专业-语言学考点汇总
Chapter 1 三、问答题 1.what are major branches of linguistics? what does each study? Phonetics----it’s defined as the study of the phonic medium of language, it’s concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s lang uages. Phonology---the study of sounds systems—the inventory of distinctive sounds that occur in a language and the patterns into which they fall. Morphology---It’s a branch of a grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. Syntax-------it's a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of a language. Semantics---It’s simply defined as the study of meaning in abstraction. Pragmatics---the study of meaning in context of words. Sociolinguistics—the study of language with reference to society. Psycholinguistics---the study of language with reference to the working of the mind. Applied linguistics---the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning. 2.why do we say language is arbitrary? Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between the sounds that people use and the objects to which these sounds refer. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language, it’s only our tacit agreement of utterance and concept at work and not any innate relationship bound up in the utterance. A typical example to illustrate the ‘arbitrariness’ of language is ‘a rose by any other name would smell as sweet’. 3.what makes modern linguistics different from traditional grammar? Modern linguistics is descriptive, its investigations are based on authentic and mainly spoken language date.现代语言学是描述性的，其研究以确实可靠的、主要以口语形式的资料为基础。 traditional grammar is prescriptive. it is based on’ high’ written language. 传统语法是规定性的，研究‘高级’书面语。 4.Is modern linguistics mainly synchronic or diachronic? why Modern linguistics is mainly synchronic, focusing on the present-day language. unless the various states of a language are successfully studied, it will not be possible to describe language from a diachronic point of view. 现代语言学主要是共时性的，重点研究现代语言。除非对语言的各种状态都进行成功的研究，否则很难从历时性角度对语言进行描述。 5.which enjoys priority in modern linguistics, speech or writings? Speech enjoys for the following reasons: ⑴Speech precedes writing in terms of evolution.
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英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
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英语专业英语语言学期末复习总结.docx
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语言学的资料很少，看完书后想找些习题或往年试题做做，可以起到练兵，巩固所看书本知识的作用。我收集了一些高校语言学的往年试题供大家参考，讨论，交流一下做题的感受，也希望大家可以把自己所考学校的往年试题发表在上面，给大家一起讨论。 1 One of the main features of our human language is arbitrariness .Can you briefly explain what is this feature refers to ? Give examples if necessary(10 points). < 北师大2003年试题） 2 In english we can describe a story as "a successful story" or "a success story ".Do you think they mean the same ? Please explain and give your reasons(10 points) ,< 同上》 3 Expain the following terms ,giving examples where necessary.(50 points) <中山2003》 design feature macrolinguistics vowel minimal pair folk etymology aspect anopho r error analysisr metaphor 4 Language can change through blending ,metanalysis ,back-formation, analogical creation and borrowing.Give two english words for each of them ( 5 points) 清华 2000年试题 5 Answer the following question briefly.clearly,grammatically and correctly.(10 Points ) 湖南师大2003年 What is it wrong to assume that the meaning of a sentence is the sum of the meaning of the words which compose it ? 7 Define the following terms.(10 points) 中国海洋大学1999 Phoneme ,consonant,morpheme,lexicon,syntax,endocentric construction,semantics,hyponymy ,language ,design feature 8 Define the following terms .(20 points) 苏州大学1997 allophone morpheme assimilation internal authority interlanguage phatic communion closed-class word government semantica triangic lingua franca
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英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.360docs.net/doc/202735759.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title
英语语言文学专业基础
英语语言文学专业基础 本科目包括英语语言学基础、英美文学基础知识、英语国家概况、英汉互译四部分内容，总分150分，其中英语语言学基础15分，英美文学基础知识70分，英语国家概况15分，英汉互译50分。 I、英语语言学基础（15分） 一、考试要求和内容 该部分主要考查普通语言学的基本概念和基本理论。 二、考试题型 填空题、选择题、判断题、名词解释题。 三、参考书 《新编简明英语语言学教程》，戴炜栋、何兆熊主编，上海外语教育出版社，2002。 II、英美文学基础知识（70分） 一、考试要求 本部分考试旨在考查考生对有关英美文学的基本概念、主要流派、基础知识的理解和掌握情况，以及运用所学的基础理论知识分析、评论简单的文学文本。 二、考试内容 1、英国文学部分 1）古英语诗歌的形成、发展及主要文本。 2）英国中世纪文学的形成和发展、主要诗人及其作品。 3）英国文艺复兴时期的文学：“文艺复兴”产生的历史背景、定义及其主要特征、对英国文学的影响、主要作家及其作品。 4）新古典主义时期（十八世纪）英国文学：启蒙运动形成的原因、启蒙运动的定义、特征及其对英国文学的影响、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。 5）浪漫主义时期（十九世纪早期）英国文学：英国浪漫主义文学形成的历史背景、浪漫主义诗歌的主要作家及其作品、浪漫主义小说的主要作家及其作家品、浪漫主义散文的主要作家及其作品。 6）维多利亚时期（十九世纪中后期）英国文学：英国现实主义文学形成发展的历史背景、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。 7）现代时期（二十世纪）英国文学：英国现代主义文学形成的历史背景、现代主义文学的主要流派、这一时期主要作家及其作品。 2、美国文学部分 1）早期的美国文学：清教主义文学形成与发展、早期美国文学的主要作家及其作品。 2）浪漫主义时期的美国文学：早期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品、超验主义时期的主要作家几作品、后期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品。 3）现实主义时期的美国文学：美国现实主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、美国现实主义文学与自然主义文学的异同、这一时期主要的作家及作品。 4）现代时期的美国文学：美国现代主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、战后美国文学的形成与发展、现代时期美国文学的主要作家及作品。 三、考试题型 填空题、单项选择题、匹配题、名词解释题、文本分析题。 四、参考书 《英国文学简史》（新增订本），刘炳善，河南人民出版社，2007； 《美国文学简史》（第2版），常耀信，南开大学出版社，2003 III、英语国家概况（15分） 一、考试要求 本部分考试旨在考查考生对英美国家的地理、历史、政治、文化、社会习俗、宗教群体、价值观念以及该国人民的思想态度和生活方式的掌握情况。 二、考试题型 填空题、判断题、名词解释题。 三、参考书 《英美概况》（上、下册），张奎武主编，吉林科学技术出版社，2003 IV、英汉互译（50分）
语言学专业英语词汇
英语专业八级语言学总结来源：谢萌Fighting的日志 一、语言和语言学 1、语言的区别性特征：Design of features of language 任意性arbitrariness 指语言符号和它代表的意义没有天然的联系 二重性duality 指语言由两层结构组成 创造性creativity 指语言可以被创造 移位性displacement 指语言可以代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、时间、观点 2、语言的功能（不是很重要） 信息功能informative 人际功能interpersonal 施为功能performative 感情功能emotive function 寒暄功能phatic communication 娱乐功能recreational function 元语言功能metalingual function 3、语言学主要分支 语音学phonetics 研究语音的产生、传播、接受过程，考查人类语言中的声音 音位学phonology 研究语音和音节结构、分布和序列 形态学morphology 研究词的内部结构和构词规则 句法学syntax 研究句子结构，词、短语组合的规则 语义学semantics 不仅关心字词作为词汇的意义，还有语言中词之上和之下的意义。如语素和句子的意义 语用学pragmatics 在语境中研究意义 4、宏观语言学macrolingustics 心理语言学psycholinguistics 社会语言学sociolinguistics 人类语言学anthropological li nguistics 计算机语言学computational linguistics 5语言学中的重要区别 规定式和描写式：规定式：prescriptive说明事情应该是怎么样的 描写式：descriptive 说明事情本来是怎么样的 共时研究和历时研究：共时：synchronic 研究某个特定时期语言 历时：diachronic 研究语言发展规律 语言和言语：语言：langue指语言系统的整体 言语：parole指具体实际运用的语言 语言能力和语言运用：乔姆斯基(chomsky提出) 能力：competence用语言的人的语言知识储备 运用：performance 真实的语言使用者在实际中的语言使用 二、语音学 1、语音学分支 发音语音学articulatory phonetics研究语言的产生 声学语言学acoustic phonetics 研究语音的物理属性 听觉语音学auditory phonetics 研究语言怎样被感知 2 IPA（国际音标）是由daniel Jones琼斯提出的 三、音位学