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第一单元《土壤与生命》
1、土壤中常见的小动物有：（蚯蚓）、（蚂蚁）、（屎壳郎）、（青蛙）、（蟋蟀）、（蜈蚣）、（蜘蛛）等。
2、用纸巾包住土壤，用手使劲握一握，纸巾（湿）了，说明土壤里有（水分）。
3、将硬土块放入水中，会看到有（气泡）从土块中冒出，说明土壤中含有（空气）。
4、用玻璃棒搅拌放入土块的水，然后静置；沉淀后，杯中的物质分为（三）层：上层颗粒（细）的物质是（黏土），下层颗粒（粗）的是（沙子），水面漂浮的细小物质是（腐殖质）。
5、把土块放在火上烧一烧，看到（土壤发白），闻到（焦糊味），说明土壤中含有（腐殖质）。燃烧后的土壤颜色会变白，质地会变硬，黏性消失，板结成块，不易碎，不透水，（陶器）、（砖）都是（土壤）烧制出来的。
6、土壤由（水）、（空气）、（沙）、（黏土）、（腐殖质）等物质构成。
7、土壤按照颗粒大小可以分为（沙土）、（黏土）、（壤土）三类。（沙粒）含量特别多的是（沙土），（黏粒）含量特别多的是（黏土），（沙粒、粉粒、黏粒）三者比例差不多的是（壤土）。渗水性能最强的是（沙土）。
8、比较沙土和黏土的方法有：（1）用放大镜看：沙土颗粒大，黏土颜色深；（2）用手捻一捻：沙土颗粒硬，黏土细腻；（3）和点水握一握：黏土能握成团，沙土握不成团。
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