图像处理外文翻译

图像丛理英文文献翻译．英语论文

图像处理英文文献翻译

Divides ihc shape algori thm ihc analysis and the design .Has siudicd the minute shape picture analysjs proccss. proposed Lhc reasonable minuic shape picture wi thdrew the flow. cocomplcre using Visual C++based on the Windows plat form minute shape djmcnsion comput at ional procedure (Frac cal DJmcns Jon Calculai ion Program : FDCP) he design. and by the st raighi line. kan t uo. 3 point array. the Koch curve division sMpe graph carricd on to i t has dcmarcaicd Dividcs the shape thcory [ I - 4 ] ihc widcsprcad appl icalion rclics on to is dividcd the shape picture a minute shape which wi chdraws. Proccssing and in the minute shape dimcnsion computati )n . rcality exists nearly all is the random minute shapc. its dimcnsion compuiation has a gauge minute

shape ihc dimension to be much more complcx chan.more(r has many

diffe rcni compuIaI ional me t hods. they all need to carry on the massive mage analysis and the stat J siical opc rat ion. LhCrcfore the cstabl i shmcn

computcr program complclcs work and so on image analysis. processing and

minute shape dimcnsion computat ion is solut ion above question offictive

mcans . Visual C++ is ac prcscnt mos t popular progrmmning Iangu'agc. It has

he ohj cct -oricntcd prog ramming. supporis Windows all charzacteristics

he probability is good and so on merit . Ehis arlicle uscs Visual the C++

dcsign bascd on Windows the plat form FDCP proccdure

minute shape image analysis

maicrials science domain many proccsses all Mvc ihc massive random

minule shapes. like the material brcak. the I iquid metal coagulat ion. the

piclurc. SEM and TEM appcarance likcs and so on) generally

S Lhe simulated signal. musi firse complete the digitized process

hcn dOes othcr the information to rcmovc. chus wi thdraws the minute shape

graph . obviously. this is a very complcx proccss . minute shape graph

wi thdraws the flow like charl I to show . f'irsl ohtains ihc nutcrial test spccimcn chc appearance picture. As primJ t ivc picture; Using equipment

and so on scinner primi tive SEM (or TEM and so on) the appcarance picture

Will inpul in the computcr and hy Lhe certain grada L ion piclure documcn

formai ( for eXam Dle: TIFF. BMP. PCX) preserves; Aficr removes the noise

signal. carries on careful processing to the picture cnable chc picture

io have ihc approprialC coni rasi gradicnt ; Carrics on the minute shape

cMracccrisiic under Lhc best cont rast gradient condi t ion withdrawing

obt :iiriq Lhc corrcspOJidijig rjliriute shape piClure (or graph) . bccause the Windows operac ing system is widely uscd. the Bt\fP piccure form obtains

ncarly posscsses based on che Windows plat form piccure soFl\ure support

therefore che minuee shape image analysis proccdure uses chc BlyP form to

carry on the data Sloragc. moreover gcncral picture processing soflware

gcncrally all can complcte betwccn the diffcrcnl piclure farm ehe

ransformal ion. BMP form piclure documcnt to be composcd by 3 parcs

Posi t ion char L arE icle arlicle (BlnvIAPFILEHEADER ) cons t ruct ion of data

posi l ion chari informai ion (BITvlAPINFO) cons c ruc c ion of daca and posi i ion

chart array informat ion. analysis position chart article article aflcr

posi tion chari informat ion consirucl ion of data. can corrccE Iy use in the

posi tion chart array LhC informac ion . minute shape image analysis LO USC

Visual wi ch Lhe minute Uygur computat ional proccdure LhC C++ language programming. take Windows as Lhc working plai form. posi tion charE array

nformat ion has recorded the piciure cach picture c. lemc nt value. whcn the

produclion picture. Windows from the piccure left undcr angle starcs by

scanline the piciurc. namcly from to is lcfe right. from under co on

rccordcd. Lhcse bylCS Lhc picture piciure element val ue to compose the posilion chari array informat Jon. J ts recording ordcr like chare 2 showcd

he minute shape picture primit ivc picture gCnC rally all is the gradat ion

piciure (colorcd piciure may process gradat ion picturc). dividCd che

shape characlerisl ic to wi chdraw mainly is j udges . the different picture

274

圈像处理英文文献翻译

according LO J cs gradation dislribueion situalion to have che di ffercn

gradation dist ribut ion. possibly appcared I or many gradation pcak valucs

bafiin pcak value inlcgcr as well as the t rcat ing processes di ffercnce

was allowcd to usc diffcrcnE mcthod to complcte chc gradat ion piclure Iwo

valucs processes . piCEure iwo values is rcfcrs through cscabl ishcs some

hrcshold valuc. And iake ihis chrcshold valuc as the thrcshold. has the

mul t i- gridat ion lcvel Ehe picture invcrSJon two gradation Icvcls picture

namc ly hlack and whi te chart ). namcly all piciure cl ement s rcspcciivcly

scc for black (picture elcmcnt valuc are O) and arc whi te (piciure clcmcn

valuc are l) . Lhe differcne threshold valuc hypothesis mcthod have formed

he diffcrcnt two va I ucs t rcat ing proccsscs. cojrunonly uscd LWO valucs proccssing had fol lowing scvcral me Lhods: (l) fixcd thrcshold val uc law Regarding gradal ion piClure )lleCt ion F. is smaller than i t was cqua

o (or is biggCr than was equal to) some chrcshold value Lhcta picture

clcmcni F [ i ] [ j ] sets is 0; Is bigger than (or is smallcr ihan) ihcia

he picture clcmcne valuc all LO inslrell in paris is l; Among Lhcm. Lhc

di ffcrcnt picEure is diffcrcnt according to the gradation dist ribuc ion

peak valuc nmy choose the diffcrcnt thcta val ue . (2) chc double fixed hreshold va I uc law Has the double peak value regarding Lhe gradat ion distribulion picture collcct ion F. may cstablish 2 diffcrcnt thrcshold

2 .divides Lhc

FDCP chc design

rcgrcssion anal

shape dimcnsion compuiat ional procedure co dcsign

o nccd to involve to the big mcmory allocat ion

ysis. Lhc mull i- windows . data sharing and the pos

lhe

【ionopcraiion end sa on many contcnts. therefore uses LhC obj ecl -oricntcd programming (COP) Visual C+ is the rclational schcmal ic drawing. hos

which dividcs betwccn the shape dimension comput alional proccdure various

funce ions module coni rols che module cont rol cni i re proccdure as che FDCP

prog ranuning language . chart 4 the window frame LO renovaec. Lhe news ransmission and p rOCessing as well as cach funct ion sub- module linking

up wi th che sub- window user area; The image display module responsibly

complcles in che sub- window user area demonst rated divides the shape

picture as wcll as the computcd rcsult ; The computation module includcs

4 di fferenl computalional mcthods the \hc sub- module to halve the shape

piclure wi th diffcrcne me t hod chc dimcnsion to carry on chc computat ion

The daia cxchange module mainly uses in with othcr Windows proccdure or

sofcware carrics on data exchange . this proccdure to usc 2 differen

me chod. mimely uscs chc clipboa rd and the WMF picture document and Lhc daca filc. usc visible programming language Visual C++ basic kind of

storchouse (Microson Foundac ion Class : MFC) carri c's on the progranrning

may fully use the CH language ohj ect -orienied programming the merit . can

cnMnce the code LO carry OUl the cfficicncy. guarantccd the proccdure

s easy to expand. che ma i n t cnance. Ehc I ransplant . Ehc code compace . ihc

simul LanCously fully uscd the Windows plal f'orm

o support the muIli- duties ehe charactcris

diffcrcnl application proccdure data cxchangc. other also to be allowedaccording to the nccd. La calculatcd Lhc module to make the corrcsponding

supplcmcnE . caused LO incrcase the ncw co巾pucaiional mclhod is easy

proccdure to provide the CXl remcly friendly user contact surfacc. char

5 is FDCP had dcmonst raccd 5 lcvel oF Koch curve main window con L ac surfacc. J i had 'Filc" . -Vicw" . "Fractal " . "Window" and 'Hclp' and so on

he mcnu as wCll as resDect ivc under pul I the menu composi E ion. among

he image display module uscs MFC and the SDK mix prograffuning. Lhc

procedure frame complelcs using MFC. but bccause MFC brings chc CBitmap

kind of dcmonst rac ion spccd is slowcr. for the accclcraiion inmge display

proccss. uses MFC che Frame to t rans f'cr the SDK funciion io realize Lhc

dcmonsi rm ion funcl ion. bcaiuse Lhis proccdure nceds to support Lhe nmny

picturcs documcne s imuliancous working. thcrcfore Ehe FOCP proccdure mus

usc the MDI window form io carry on the dcsign. for ihc confirmalion

p roCedure rel iabiIJ ty. Separatcly used the Sl raighl linc. che square. Lhe

Koch curvc. kanlu0 3 point array this 4 kinds to have the gauge minute

shape graphthe compuc cd resul c to carry on che confi rmat ion to FDCP. among

si raighe I ine. square and kan t u0 3 point array divided Ehc shape dimension

compuicd rcsul L md ihc ihcory value st ric

cvel of Koch curve minute shape djmcnsion wi Lh ihc FDCP box math module

resul c like chare 6 has shown . may obiain from chari 6. FDCP ehc

compuiae ion Koch iune line segmcnl shape dimcnsion was I .2166. Koch curve

hcory minule shape dimcnsion is DKoch = In4/ln3 = 1.2619. bul bccausehe infinite Icvcl Koch curve was cannot rcsult in. Therefore dcmarcalcs

uscs the 5th lcvcl of Koch curvc. ihc compUlcd rcsuli indicalcd FDCP uscd

n to calculale dividcs Uygur is the rcliablc. lilcrature [ 5 - 8

succcss t'ully the con L acc sur tAce minuic shape dimcnSJon wh i ch gradicn function material exis c cd to Mo/ bcta ' -Sialon and Ta/ bcta in che ' -Sialon

has conducecd Lhc rcscarch wi th this article proccdurc. math has

calculaecd charl wi ch ihc FDCP proccdure hox 3 (c) the cryscal dimcnsion

s 1.694; CharE 3 (d) a jinbian dimenSJon is l.388. rcsult like chart 7

shows . thus it can be sccn. ihc diffcrcnt rcscarch obj cct consii tuics the

minule shape dimension is obviously di rferent . che re forc. muse correcl ly

sclcclche research to divide the shape obj eci and the choice appropriace

computal ional mcthod

3. conclusion

union ilrmge analysis and the prOCCSSJng tcchnology. usc visible

programming language Visual CH dCsi2nCd (FDCP) . Lhc proccdure had casy

bascd on Ehc Windows plat form minute shape dimcnsion compu L tt E iona procedure co mainlain. Might the expanSJon good. chc con L act surface fricndly. the L imc cfficicncy and the spatial cfficicncy high. data

sharing is good and so on the mcrit . wiih the Sl raight linc. the square

he Koch curve. kanl uo. 3 point array ancJ so on has the gauge minule shape

graph LO carry on to FDCP has demarcac cd. finally indicated FDCP used in

o calculate Lhc minule shape dimcnsion is rel J able图像处理英文文献翻译

分形算法的分析与设计

研究了分形图像的分析过程，提出合理的分形图像提取流程·利用Visual CH

完成了基于Wi ndows Zli台的分形维数计算程序(Fractal Dimension Calculation Program: FDCP)的设计，并以疽线、康托尔三分点集~科赫曲线等分形图形对其

进行了标定·

分形理论【1-4】的广泛应用依赖于分形图像的提取、处理与分形维数的计算-现

实中存在的分形几乎都是无规分形，其维数的计算比有规分形的维数复杂得多，

而且有许多不同的计算方法，它们都需要进行大量的图像分析与统计运算·因此

编制计算机程序来完成图像分析、处理与分彤维数计算等工作是解决上遗问题的

有效办法．Visual C++是目前最为流行的程序设计语言，它具有面向对象编程、

支持Windows所有特性，可移梢性好等优点·本文采用Visual CH设计基于

Windows平台的FDCP程序．

1分形图像分析

材料科学领域的许多过程部存在着大麓的无规分形，如材料的断裂t液态金

属的凝固，薄膜的生长，材料的氧化，饶结与侵蚀等·但材料的初始图像（金相

照片、岩相照片. SEM与TEM的形貌像等）一般害6是模拟信号-毖须首先完成数

字化过程，然后将其他千挠信息去除，从而提取出分形图形·显然，这是一个很

复杂的过程·分形图形提取流程如图I所示·首先获得材料试样的形貌像，作为

娘始图像：利用扫描仪等设备捋原始的S酬(或TEhl等)彤貌像输入计算机中并以

一定的灰度图像文件格式(如：TIFF，BMP，ItX)保存：去除噪音信号后，蚶图像进行细致处理使图像具有合适的对比度：在最佳的蚶比度状态F进行分形特征的

提取，得到相应的分形J刳像（或图形）

由于Windows操作系统被j一泛使用. BMP阁像格式得到，L乎所有基于Wi ndows平

白图像软件的支持t因此分形图像分析程序采用BMP格式进行数据存贮t而且通

用的刚像处理软件搬都能完成_f

由3个部分组成：位燃文件央（BIll~APFILEHEADER）数据结构、位图信息

( BIlIIAPINFO)数据结构和位图阵列信息·分析位图文件头与位图信息数捌结构之

后，彳能正确地利用位图阵列中的信息

分形【矧像分析与分维计算程J亨采用vi s ual C++i言编稗，以WindowS为工

作平台·位图阵列信息记录r匿1像的每一个像素值·在生成图像时．Windows从

图像的赶下角开始逐行扫描图像t即从拄到朽·从下到卜，将图像的像寨值…一

记录下来·这些字节组成了位图阵列信息，其记录顺序如图2所示

分形图像的原始图像-般都是灰度图像（彩色图像可处理成灰度图像），分形特征

提取主要是根据其灰度分布情况来判断·不同的阁像具有不同的版度分襁，可能

出现1个或多十灰度峰值·根据峰值个数以及处理过程的不同，可以用不I司的方

法完成灰度图像的二值化过程·图像的二值化是捐通过设定某个闽艟，并以该阈

能为门限，把具有多灰度级的图像变换成■灰度缎嘲像（即#r；I图），即所有的像

素分别霹为黑（像素值为0）和白（像素值为I）．不同的阔值|殳定方法形成了不同

的二螬化处理过程，常用的二值化处理有以F)L种方法：ci)固定闻倚法对于

灰度图像集F．将其小于等于（或大予等于）某闽值口的像素F[i】[j】露为0：大

于（或小于）日的像案值全部冠为1：其中，不同的图像根据灰度分布峰值的不同

可以选撵剥司的日德．(2)烈固定阔僖法对于灰度分布存在双峰值的媵{像集F【叮以设定2个不I司的l划悄pl与02(8 1<02)．当某个像案F[i儿J】的像索傅小

于等于OI或大于等于8 2时，捋其露为0：当Ol

反之亦然．(3)各自像案闽值法对于灰度【封像集F．设避图像数组同样大小

的l蚓倦数组疗，用阐值日【i】【j】蚶像索F[i】【j]进行■镀化，蒋F[i】[JI<甘

【l】【J】，贼F[i]【J】=0：藉F[il[j]≥臼【i儿J】，则F【l】【j】-1．图3(a)是单晶

Sl在一定条件下t其氧化膜生成的枝状晶的S酬形貌像：3(”是其灰度分布曲

线：3(c)是二储化后的黑o图像：3(d)是在此基础上建立的边界·不同的研究领

域对分形特征的要求是不一样的·如果研究的蚶象是枝状晶，则图3(c)可以作

为分形图像砬廿果研究的对象是枝晶的边界或其他类海岸线.lrnJ需要建立其边界

即图3(d)．捋二值化图像的各种滤波（空间邻域处理方法）结合模糊数学，以保

证精确建立图像的边界，如颗粒材料的边界、晶粒边界、氧化界面、扩散界面等·

然后可以对建立的边界进行各种测量，得到需要的信息

2分形维数计算程序设计

FDCP的设计需要涉及到大内存分配、吲归分析、多窗朋，教据共享与位运

算等诸多内容，因此采用而向对象编程(OOP)VJ Visual C++作为FDCP的程序|殳

计语吾·图4是分形维数计算程序各功能模块之问的关系承意图·主控模块控制

整个程序的窗『】框架匀}省fJ的用户区的刷新.ffi息传递与处理以及辑个功能于

模块的衔接：倒像矬示模块负责完成在子窗口用户区内盟示分形l矧象以及计算结

果：计算模块又包括4个不同计算方法的功能子模块t它们分别是周长面积法~

盒计数法、牛径法与变量法，这些计算子模块用不同的方法对分形图像的维数进

行计算：数据交换模块主要用．J：垮其他Windows程序或软件进行数据交换·本程

序采用2种-Fll的方法，即利刷剪贴板取】WMF图片文件与数据文件利刷可视化缩程语舌Vi sual CHVJ基本类库（Microsoft Foundalion Class：MFC）进行编程

可以充分利用C++语雷面向对象缩程的优点，能够提高代码的执行效率，保证程

序易于扩充、维护-移植，代码紧凑，效率高等优点，同时又充分利用r Windows

2li亡-支持多任务的特点，容易实现不同应用程庠间的数据交换·另外还可以根据

需要，对计算模块作相应的补充，使得增加新的计算方法简单易行·程序提供非

常友好的用户界面惆5是FDCP矬示了5级科赫曲线的主窗LJ羿而.它有“File”“View”，“Fractal”，“Window“与“Hclp”等菜单以及符由的卜拉菜单组成·其中，【期像娃示模块采用肝C与SDK混合编程，程序框架利用WfFC完成·但由于MFC所带的CBitmap类的疑示速度辙悭，为加速图像髭示过程，采用MFC的框架调用SDK函数来实现艋示功能·由于该程序需要支持多个疆I像文件同时处理，因此FDCP程序必须采用MDI谢¨格式进行设计

为验证程序的可靠性，分别用直线~正方形、科赫曲线、康托尔三分点集这4

种有规分形图形对FCCP的计算结果进行了验证·其中，直线、正方形与康托尔

三分点集的丹彤维数计算结果与理论值严格相等·用FDCP的盘计数法模块计算

了第5级科赫曲线的分形维数，结果如图6所示·从|刳6可以得出. FDCP计算

的科赫llll线分形维数为1 2166-科赫曲线的理论分形维数为DKoch=】n4/】ni I．2619，晰由于光穷级的科赫曲线是一；可得的，因此标定采用第5缴科赫曲线

计算结果表明FDCP用于计算分维是可靠的．文献【5-8】用本文程序成功地对Mo/ 口’．blalon与Ta/舟’-Sialon梯度功能材料中存在的界面分形维数进行r研究

用FDCP程序的盒计数法计算了图3(c)的枝晶的维数为1.694：翻3{d)的枝品边

界维数为1. 388，结果如J羽7所示·由此可见，不同的研究蚶象所构成的分彤维

数是艘然不同的，因此·必须正确选取研究的分形对象与选择合适的计算方法3结论结合图像分析与处理技术利用可视化编程语雷Visual C++设计了基于Windows

平台的分形维数计算程序( FCCP)．程序具有易于维护，可扩充性好、界面友好、

时间效率与空间效率高、数据共享性好等优点·用直线、正方形、科赫曲线、康

托尔三分点集等有规分彤图形对FDCP进行了标定，结果表明FDCP用于计算分形维数是可靠的·