从“雷人”的英语翻译说起———谈英语语言的重点
从“雷人”的英语翻译说起———谈英语语言的?
?
摘要：双关修辞是英语语言中常见的一种修辞格，大体可以分为语（谐）音双关、语义双关、词性双关和仿拟双关。英语双关修辞历史悠久，广泛运用在英
语各种文体中：文学作品、广告、谜语等，在我们周围无处不在。因此，要想
精准地翻译一篇英文，必须了解并熟悉双关修辞，且经过反复练习，吸收更广
泛的知识，才能战胜这一翻译的难点，越过这个可译性障碍，使译文与原文达
到最大限度的等值。关键词：修辞手法双关语翻译我在十几年的英语教学中，
深切地感受到学生对英语又敬又畏的心情，爱它可又驾驭不了它。于是学生在
与英语的焦灼对峙中，出现了一些雷人的英语翻译，让人叹为观止。1.How are you?How old are you?怎么是你，怎么老是你？2.We two who and who?咱俩谁跟
谁呀。3.You me you me.彼此彼此。4.You give me stop!你给我站住！5.Go past
no mistake past.走过路过，不要错过。其实英语与汉语一样，也有多种修辞手法。其中双关运用就在英语语言中占有举足轻重的地位，如果我们对英语的修辞手法，尤其是双关运用不熟悉的话，就会出现更多雷人的语言。下面我将重点阐
述英语语言的双关运用。一、语（谐）音双关词语之间因拼写相似、发音相同
或相近而构成的双关用法。它是利用发音相同或相近但意义不同的词来代替所
要表达的本意，它会让语言变得风趣俏皮，增加感染力。1.There was a man in
the restaurant.“You’re not eating your fish.”the waitress said to him，
“Anything wrong with it?”“Long time no sea.”the man replied.其中“see”与“sea”发音相同，但意义完全不同。这个顾客的回答，表面上听“Long time
no see.”是好久不见的意思，但实际上是说那些鱼离开大海很久了，已经不新
鲜了。2.What is the clearest animal?什么动物最聪明？The pigs that nose everything.什么都能闻的猪。nose是“闻”的意思，碰巧与knows（知道）谐音。如此一来，“什么都能闻的猪”就变成了“什么都知道的猪”，那当然是最聪
明的动物。3.What country has a good appetite?哪个国家的人胃口很好？Hungary.
匈牙利。因为“Hungary”这个国家单词的发音与“hungry”（饥饿）的发音相近，于是在这则笑话中，“Hungary”因语音双关而成为最能吃的国家。二、语义双关因为词语的多重含义而构成的双关用法。在字面上虽然只有一个词语，
而实际上却同时兼顾着两种不同的意义，言在此而意在彼，从而造成一种含蓄、深沉委婉、耐人寻味的意境，增强了语言的表达效果。1.Why is a river
rich?Because it always has two banks.“bank”一词有两个含义，一个意思为“河岸”，另一个意思则表示“银行”。大家想想，有两个河岸（银行）的河流能
不富有吗？2.The professor rapped on his desk and shouted，“Gentlemen，order.”The entire class yelled“beer”.这则幽默同样用了双关手法中的同形异义词。
“order”一词在这里具有双重意义。教授的本意是“安静”，而学生却故意歪
曲教授的意思，把它理解为“点菜”，因而大声叫喊“啤酒”。3.Why are movie stars so cool?为什么电影明星那么酷/凉快呢？Because they have so many fans.因为他们有很多影迷/风扇。在此处，“cool”与“fan”都具有两个含义。“凉快”与“风扇”相对应，“酷”则与“影迷”多相对应。同样的一句话因
一语双关的运用，却具有了异曲同工的妙处。4.Customer：“What’s wrong
with these eggs?”Waiter：“Don’t ask me，sir.I only laid the table.”“lay”在
英语中有“下蛋”，“放置”两种截然不同的含义。“I only laid the table.”的
潜台词为：“I don’t know what’s wrongwith these eggs.Ask the hen that laid the eggs.”三、词性双关由词语的多种词性变化而产生的一词双关，从而使语言简洁、凝练、诙谐、机智。Coke refreshes you like no other can.没有什么别的罐装饮料
能够像罐装可乐那样令你心旷神怡。句中的“can”一词双关，它既是动词，又
是名词。既可以看作是省略句中的情态动词（can refresh you），又可理解成是
各种罐装饮料，这时can=tin。由于“can”的双关用法，而使整句话诙谐幽默，富于文字情趣，给读者留下了深刻的印象。四、仿拟双关因为表达的需要而在
形式结构上仿拟著名警句、谚语等，由此产生了一语双关的效果。仿拟双关以
人们原有的社会、文化知识为基础，以鲜明独特的语言形式形成双关，既增强
了语言的吸引力，又体现了语言的艺术性，更使文章具有令人回味的弦外之音。Better late than the late.慢行回家，快行回老家。这则交通安全用语是模仿成语“Better late than never.”（迟到总比不到好）的模式，而且巧妙地运用了“late”一词的双关意义。“late”是“迟到”的意思，“the late”是指“已故的，不存
在的”，这样的语言更多了些诙谐、幽默的趣味，让人一看便心领神会，起到
警示的作用。双关的修辞手法在英语语言中起到了推波助澜的作用，能极大丰
富语言的表达效果。双关语言具有简洁凝练、风趣幽默、新颖别致的特点，既
引人注目又使人产生联想等修辞效果。它能在最短的时间内吸引大众的目光并
给读者留下深刻的印象。总而言之，双关语是英语语言中常见的一种修辞手法，但同时也是一个翻译的难点，双关语在其语言结构和表达上存在着难以逾越的
可译性障碍。我们要了解这种翻译策略，吸收更广泛的知识，联系实际与理论，对于英语语言的背景及特定环境多作些分析，才能使译文既有创意且能吸引读者，才能让语言既简洁、通俗、易懂，又有吸引力和说服力。
参考文献：
［1］方梦之，毛忠明.英汉—汉英应用翻译教程（第三版）
［M］.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005：229.
［2］张莉，李成明.广告英语中的双关及翻译技巧［J］.山东
师范大学外国语学院学报，2004.
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2018英语翻译知识点复习考点归纳总结
1.Sandy is wearing a long, black, silk dress.桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。 43. I came to London when I was 18. 我18岁的时候来到伦敦。 44. It takes 45 minutes to get to the city centre from the hotel. 宾馆到市中心需要花45分钟时间。 One of the biggest sporting events in the world is the Olympic Games. 奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育比赛之一 41. While she was waiting, her phone rang.她正在等待的时候，电话铃响了 42. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. We have enough money to improve the website.我们有足够的钱改进网站。 44. 1 had the windows cleaned yesterday.昨天我请人把窗户给擦了。 45. He came across an old violin at his friend's house.他在朋友家偶然发现了一把旧提琴。 41．She borrowed the book and gave it back on Monday． 她借了那本书，后来星期一把书还了。 45．He used tO play basketball every Sunday．他以前每个周日都打篮球。 41．Football is played by more than 20 million people in more than l40 countries· 超过140个国家的2000多万人都踢足球。 42．I’ve got the same sense of humour as my mum·我和我妈妈一样，有幽默感 43．He got on well with his classmates． 他和同学关系处得很好 44．He used tO work very hard when he was youn9． 他年轻的时候工作非常努力。 45．My family is putting me up at the moment，but I am thinking of buying my own flat．我现在跟家人住在一起，但是我正考虑买一套公寓自己住 41．He got on well with his sister． 他和他的姐／妹相处得很好 44．That box is too heavy for her to carry home．那个盒子太重了，她抬回家。 41. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影 非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. I need to be at the airport by 6.00 o’clock.我得在六点前到达机场。 44. I must have left the camera in a shop.我一定是把相机丢在那家商 店里了。 31. We have enough money to improve the website. 我们有足够的钱改进网站。 45. The accounts, which are in a bit of a mess, have to be ready for next month. 帐目现在有点乱，必须要在下个月清理好。 32. Do you take after your mother or father?你像你的母亲或父亲吗？ 35. I’ve been learning English for three years. 我已经学英语3年了33. I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant. 我周五得从房子里搬出来，因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。 35.would be great to see you to catch up on all our news. 到时见了面咱们把这些日子发生的事聊一聊，会多开心啊。 :33. They enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们在聚会上玩的很愉快 34.She doesn’t like swimming and neither does her sist er. 她不喜欢游泳，她妹妹也不喜欢 32. He used to play basketball every Sunday( 每个星期天他常常去打篮球 31. He studies in a university west of Beijing. 他在北京西部的一个大学学习 :32. He came across an old painting at his friend’s house. 他在他朋友家看到了一幅旧画 33. She would buy a large house if she won the lottery. 如果她中了彩票，她就买一幢大房子 :35. Both of the boys are good at singing. 这两个男孩都擅长唱歌 34. The flat was in a bit of mess. 公寓里一片狼籍 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 44. Your neighbour says your flat was burgled this afternoon. .休的邻居说你的房子今天下午被盗了。 45. I haven't got a car, and nowhere to live. My family is putting me up at the mom 我没有车，也没有地方住。现在跟家人住一起。 44. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long. 虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 1.I can’t find the key.I must have left it in the car. 我找不到钥匙了，我肯定将它丢在车上了。 2.Polly is worried about her lack of experience. 波利担心自己缺乏经验。 3.she needs to return the book by next Friday 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 42. Polly(波莉) is worried about her lack of experience. 波莉担心自己缺乏经验。 43. She needs to return the hook by next Friday. 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 41. He got on well with his sister.
英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析
英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。（or） 2．事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。（It） 3．乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。（create）4．追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。（when） 【答案】 1．Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2． It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4． The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查翻译，用括号所给的词将中文翻译成英文。翻译要注意句子的时态和语法的运用。 1．考查祈使句。祈使句 + and/or，前面的祈使句表示条件，or或and引导的分句表示结果这里表示转折关系，故用or。故答案为Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2．考查名词性从句。翻译时句中用it作形式主语，真正的主语为从句thatkeeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases.，从句翻译时要注意动名词作主语。故答案为It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．考查动词。翻译时注意短语be busy doing忙于做……，时态用一般现在时。故答案为Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4．考查定语从句。先行词为times，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。故答案为The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．即使天气再热，也不要整天待在空调房间里。(stay) 2．一旦一个人学会了换位思考，就表明他正在走向成熟。(indicate) 3．直到他听了那个讲座才意识到自己对于该领域的知识是如此的匮乏。(It)
矿大英语翻译终结版解答
汉译英 一、P91 ~当今社会，选择的观念无孔不入，种种选择会导致人们越发感到焦虑不安和力不从心。总有人向我们灌输这样的理念：我们可以选择自己的生活方式，可以选择自己的身材，甚至可以选择子女的未来。我们因为这种无所不能的虚假承诺而洋洋得意，同时却忘记了自己做出的选择往往并不理智——要么受到社会认同的影响，要么受到自己内心无意识动机的影响。 The ideology of choice is all-pervasive in today's society, and has contributed to growing feelings of anxiety and inadequacy among consumers. We’re told that we can choose the type of life we live, the type of body we have, even the way our kids will turn out. But while we bask in the false promise of mastery, we forget that the choices we make are often irrational –either linked to socially acceptable, or our own unconscious motives. 二、(P102:4)鉴于甲方拥有合同产品的生产及销售所涉及的技术信息，包括设计、技术、工艺、配方、技能和其他资料的专有权：鉴于乙方以生产、使用和销售合同产品的目的，希望获得使用上述协助的许可证权利；鉴于乙方希望使用甲方所有的下属商标：双方兹就下列内容达成一致： Whereas Party A possesses proprietary technical information includi-ng designs, techniques, process,formulas, skills and other data useful in the contract products’ production and sales; and Whereas Party B desires to acquire the right and licence to use the above-mentioned technical assistance for the purpose of manufacturing, using and selling such products; and Whereas Party B desires to use the following trademarks owned by Party A. Now Therefore, the parties hereby agree as follows:
英语自考本科翻译重点词汇
fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河 Industrial Revolution 工业革命 dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的 cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业 Department of Agriculture 农业部门 the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失 Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候 surveyor general 测量总监 sovereign nation 主权国家 aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户 economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场 foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机
英语翻译练习题及答案
英语翻译练习题及答案 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．熬夜大大影响健康。(affect) _________________________ 2．等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) _________________________ 3．从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable) _________________________ 4．据信，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。(It) _________________________ 【答案】 1．Staying up late affects one’s health greatly. 2．By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 3．In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work. 4．It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。 1．考查非谓语动词。affect表示“影响”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，stay up表示“熬夜”，本句使用动名词作主语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，注意动名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，故翻译为：Staying up late affects one’s health greatly. 2．考查时态语态。by the time引导的时间状语从句，表示将来的时间时，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时，stadium与set up之间是被动关系，所以用将来完成时的被动语态，故翻译为：By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 3．考查固定句式。be capable of表示“能够”，根据句意可知本句使用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，陈述的是客观事实。用一般现在时，故翻译为：In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work. 4．考查形式主语和非谓语动词。ability后用不定式作后置定语，ability to do表示“做……的能力”，根据提示词可知本句使用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in