分析雅思阅读中的普通定位词和特殊定位词

分析雅思阅读中的普通定位词和特殊定位词
分析雅思阅读中的普通定位词和特殊定位词

分析雅思阅读中的普通定位词和特殊定位词

在做雅思阅读的过程中,很多学生会发现有一个很大的问题就是时间的把握。我们知道,雅思A类阅读文章一共有三篇,文章总长度有2400-3000单词的阅读量,题目一共是40道,而时间只有短短的60分钟。在这么短的时间内要高效准确地把答案找出来,如果不经过一定的训练是很难完成的。这其实是一种快速阅读,根据所需信息快速定位的一种能力。这和A类考试的考察宗旨是一致的。因为A类考试是针对那些想要出国留学的学生,所以出题方要考察这些学生的学习能力,而快速阅读快速定位是学习能力中不可或缺的一部分。在完成一篇学术论文之前必定要收集大量的资料,但是时间不是无限的,所以必须要在大量的资料中快速筛选出有用的,摒除无用的,这就是快速阅读快速定位的能力。

但是在雅思阅读考试中,这种能力其实是被细化到了40道题目当中,怎样在1个小时的有限时间内挑出对于答题有帮助的内容仔细阅读,说到底就是怎样确定题目中能够利用的去文章中找答案的定位词。尤其是针对雅思阅读的一些需要细节理解的题目,如T/F/NG,Choice, Matching, Sentence completion等是不需要全文读的,所以定位词就更显的重要了。

定位词一般可以分成两类,特殊定位词和普通定位词。

特殊定位词

在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。为什么说这些词特殊呢?因为它们的特点是在一长篇英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目,所以几乎在短短的几秒钟内就能够做精确定位。例如在人名和其理论配对的题目中,(如剑五P89强化玻璃,剑四P44语言的消失),就可以利用题目

中给出的这些特殊定位词,人名,并快速地将人名找到,那么阅读的内容也就锁定到了人名出现的这些词语附近,在最短的时间内把近1000字的阅读内容缩小到几句话的有效内容中,时间自然节省了不少。

但是在判断题的情况下,雅思中国网海外考试研究中心的专家提醒考生要注意,使用数字和年份作为定位是需要斟酌的。因为在判断题的情况下,数字和年份很有可能也是一个考察的点,也许是会错误的。因此要找出判断题的定位词,数字和时间年份通常还要再伴随另一个定位词。这个所谓的另一个定位词就会涉及到其他的特殊定位词,或者是我们接下来要探讨的普通定位词。

普通定位词

普通定位词与特殊定位词相比,出现的几率为更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下,要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到的词语。我们可以先联想一下,英语的词汇中分成几种词性的词,什么词性的词变化形式或者说同义词是比较少的,相比而言,名词就具有这样的特征。所以除了特殊定位词之外,首先可以运用当做定位词的首选就是名词,但也不是所有的名词都可以当做定位词,能做普通定位词的还要有以下一些特征:首先是挑出现频率不高的词。定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围,如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语,那就失去了定位的意义。一般拿到文章后先大致浏览标题和第一段,都会发现这篇文章的中心是什么,那么这个中心就肯定不是我们可以利用的定位词。例如剑四第一篇第一套题的第一题the plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media. 这里出现的名词有plight, rainforests和media, 如果浏览过文章第一段和文章配图,就

很明确的会发现这篇文章就是主要讲rainforest的,所以这个词就不能做定位,而其他两个词就比较适合做定位。

其次,这个定位词得具有代表性,也就是能够体现出这句话的主要意思。例如剑四P76页关于收集语言资料这篇文章的29题,题目为the fact that language is influenced by social situation. 这是一题细节信息配对段落题,题中的名词language是在文章中出现多次的,但是最主要能体现句子意思的是后面的influenced by social situation。如果要找定位词的话就应挑选具有代表性的social situation.

但是在实际做题过程中还要注意,不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的,例如list of heading题,是需要从文章的大意出发的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题,很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了,因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词的形式出现,如果词汇量不是很大的同学还是会在文章中迷失方向。所以雅思中国网海外考试研究中心建议考生一方面要掌握怎样去找定位词,另外一方面也同样要提高自己的阅读词汇量,尤其是同义词转换,这样考试才能一击必中,快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。

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阅读词汇 考频考查的单词正确的选项词性中文含义abundant plentiful a. 大量的accelerate increase v. 加速;加大 accessible available a. 可用的 2 accordingly for that reason ; ad. 因此consequently 2 account ( for )explain v. 解释;说明 accumulate collect v. 积累;积聚 a couple of years two years 两年 adequate sufficient a. 充足的 adhere stick v. 黏附;胶着adjunct addition n. 附加物administered managed v. 管理adorn decorate v. 装饰advent arrival n. 出现、到达adversely negatively ad. 不利地;有害地 advocate proponent n. 倡导者;辩护者aesthetically artistically ad. 审美地;美学地affront insult v 侮辱轻蔑 aid help v. 帮助 alert wary a. 机敏的 allay reduce v. 减少 alter change v. 改变;调整alternative option n. 替代;替代物altogether completely ad. 完全地ancillary secondary a. 附属的;辅助的annihilate conquer v. 消灭;征服antagonist enemy n. 对手;敌人 antecedent predecessor n. AH MM 先辈 anticipate look forward to v. 期待;盼望apace with as fast as 快速的appealing attractive a. 吸引人的apply used for v. 应用;适用appreciated recognized(-tion) v.(-n) 赏识

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ignore neglect overlook underestimate fertilizer chemical toxic unnatural recognize perceive acknowledge realize appreciate admit identify comprehend addition besides whereas nonetheless nevertheless notwithstanding although though instead stem derive owing due according account result therefore hence ————————————————————————————diversity variety difference detect find look for seek search isolate inaccessible avoid escape evitable budget fund financial adapt fit suit alternative substitute compensate make up offset component proportion

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Aid Allergic =Hypersensitive hypersensitized hypersensitised Sensitized sensitised supersensitized alter * alternative altitude analyse * ancient * application apply to * appreciate * approach * approve array =series of/ranging =clothes/thread/garment an array of troops/books/emotions/fruit and vegetables artificial * Assess 对人judgment对物calculate estimate =evaluate valuate value measure =tax * assign -assignment =任命职务,任务sb to a post=delegate designate depute *assign a task to children =give out/allot sth

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