托福常用同义词总结

Winding 蜿蜒曲折的 savor 尽情享受

Eloquent 有口才的 hurly burly 喧嚣（名词）Prestigious 享有盛誉的 exhilarated 兴奋的Overwhelmed 震撼的 component 组成部分

Come into contact with 接触 Provide an avenue for 提供途径Sportsmanship 运动精神 mandatory 必修的

Etiquette 礼节 perception 理解

习惯

(be/become/get) accustomed to习惯于

get used to习惯于

habituated to习惯

make a habit of sth./doing sth.使...形成一种习惯

be used to doing sth.习惯于

许多,大量,富于

a (great/wide) range of广泛的;许多的

a cloud of一大群;一大片

a crowd of许多;一大群

a good/great deal (of)许多,大量

a great many许多

a heap of一大堆

a host of一大群;许多

a large amount & large amounts of许多,大量

a multitude of一大批;大量

a myriad of大量的,无数的

a number of许多;一些

a pile of一堆;很多

a wealth of丰富的,大量的A

abound in充满,富于

all kinds of许多;大量(金钱)

an array of显眼的一系列;整齐的一大批;大量

be abundant in富于,丰富

by the dozens数目很多地;大量地

for the most part主要地;大多数情况下

have (sth.) to spare有多余的...

head and shoulders above大大超出,水平高很多

in abundance大量地

in quantity大量地,大批地

on a large scale大批量;大规模

plenty of丰富,大量

quite a bit/few/little/lot相当多,有相当多的数目

rich in sth.富于...

safety in numbers人多保险,势众

scores of许多

teem with有很多...,充满...

the majority of大多数

varied fare多样化的饮食

well attended参加的人多

各种

a (great/wide) variety of种种,各种

all sorts of各种各样的

of sorts不怎样的;各种各样的

缺乏,稀少

absent from缺席;不在

defect in ...的缺点;有...缺陷

empty of缺乏,无

in the absnece of缺少,缺乏

lacking in缺乏

leave out遗漏,缺漏;排除

low in贫乏的

much less更不用说;更少;不及

not nearly相差很远,远远少于

one in a million非常稀罕的东西;百里挑一的东西

out of stock没有库存,缺货

rare breed凤毛麟角,稀罕,难得

short of sth.不足;缺乏

without further ado言归正传,闲话少说

一点

a bite to eat (随便吃的)一点儿东西,一口

a grain of truth一点儿可信的东西;一丝真理

by inches一点一点地

far from一点儿也不;根本不是

I'll say.一点也没错.

in no way决不,一点也不

not at all一点儿也不;没关系,别客气

You can say that again! & You said it!一点没错,说得对极了!

至多

at best充其量,至多

at most & at the most最多,充其量(不超过)

至少

at least

1.最低限度;至少

2.起码

增

add sth. to sth.增加,添加

build up积累;增长

more and more越来越多

pile up堆积;增多,积累

scale up按比例增加,相应提高

speed up使加速,增加速度

step up使增加;使加快

减

cut back on削减,缩减

cut corners节省开支;节省气力

cut down

1.砍倒(树木),砍伐

2.减少...的量;缩减

deduct from从...中扣除;从...中减去

die away (风、声音)逐渐消失;减少或减弱

fade away逐渐凋谢; (声音)慢慢减弱,逐渐消失

let up减小,渐渐停止

lose weight体重减轻;减肥

reduce to变少;使处于,使成为(某种情况或状态)

slow down减速,慢下来;松弛

突然,突发

a fit of突发一阵,阵发

break away (from)突然离开,脱离;放弃(传统等)

break off折断;突然中断或停止

break out爆发;突然发生

burst out突然说出;突然(哭、笑、叫)起来

cross one's mind突然想起;突然从脑海中掠过,想起来

jump out at突然出现;一下子吸引住

on short notice在很短的时间内(突如其来,无充分的准备时间) pop up突然出现

spring up突然出现;迅速生长

突破

break out of突破,摆脱

break through sth.突围;取得突破性进展

by leaps and bounds迅速地,突飞猛进地

冲突

collide with与...相碰撞;与...冲突

conflict with倾轧,冲突

爱;喜欢

a standing ovation起立欢呼

acquire a taste for sth.对...有兴趣,开始喜欢attach to

1.依附在...上;系在...上

2.依恋;喜爱

3.认为...有重要性

be fond of喜欢;偏爱

care for

1.照顾,照看

2.喜欢,喜爱

catch on

1.理解,领会

2.逐渐流行,逐渐受欢迎

do one's thing做拿手的并且喜欢做的事

endear to(使)受到喜爱

enthusiasm for热衷;热爱

fall in love with爱上...;喜欢上...

keen on喜爱;热衷于

love affair恋爱;风流韵事

make sb. welcome表示欢迎

prefer to

1.宁愿...,更喜爱

2.喜爱A甚于B;选择A而不选择B take care of

1.负责,处理

2.照顾,照应;爱护

恨;厌恶

abhorrent to厌恶

allergic to对...极厌恶;对...过敏

averse to讨厌...

be/get tired of厌倦...

disapprove of不赞同,不喜欢

fed up with对...感到厌烦;腻了

go against the grain不合(某人)(性情、意愿等);令人讨厌或不高兴grudge against怨恨...

sick of ...对...厌烦,厌倦

think little of不喜欢,认为不好

以前,刚才

a while back不久以前,刚才

at birth刚出生

at one time

1.曾经,一度

2.每次,一次

emerge from从...出来,出现;曾经一度遭到...

just now刚才

the other day前几天,最近

现在,迄今

as yet迄今为止

at present现在,目前

by far到目前为止;最

even now即使在现在

ever since从那时起一直到现在

for the moment暂时;目前

for the time being暂时,眼下

not yet尚未(到目前为止某事没有发生)

on the spot在现场,当场;立即

so far迄今为止;到目前为止

to date到目前为止,迄今

马上,立刻

at once马上,立刻

in a hurry匆忙;立即,很快地

in a little while不久,立刻

in a moment立即,立刻

in no time马上,立即

jump at急忙接受;立即抓住

no sooner ... than一...就...;马上,立即

right away立即,马上

以后,将来

about to正要,即将

after hours办公(营业)时间以后

before long不久以后;很快

by and by不久以后,过一段时间;逐渐地

from now on今后;从现在起

in the near future在不远的将来

look beyond朝比...更远的地方看;考虑...以后(更大)的问题

在...时候

as long as

1.既然;在...的时候(指时间)

2.只要(指条件)

at a time在某个时刻;每次

at all times一直,在任何时候

at any time/moment在任何时候,随时

at the height of sth.在...的最鼎盛时

at the peak of在...高峰期; (在事业)登峰造极之时

by the time到...的时候

cram for死记硬背;临时抱佛脚

in due time & in time及时地,在适当的时候

in surgery正在做手术

in the act of doing sth.做...时

in the meantime在...期间;同时

in the middle of doing sth.正在做某事

It's high time是...的时候了

just as

1.正像,正如

2.正当...的时候

on one's own time自己的时间;非工作时间

on short notice在很短的时间内(突如其来,无充分的准备时间) order of the day某一时间内必须做或通常做的事

under warranty在保修期内

...时间或时期

at maturity (动物)成熟期

baby boom生育高峰时期

reproductive cycle繁殖周期

rush hour交通高峰时间

spare time业余时间

time off空闲时间

时代

from generation to generation世代相传

Ice Age冰川期,冰河时代

keep up with the times跟上时代

过时

behind the time/times落伍,过时

out of date过时

及时,准时

in due time & in time及时地,在适当的时候

in season当令,应季;及时

on schedule按照预定时间,准时

on the dot准时;正点

on time按时,准时

right ontime及时,准时

时常,偶尔

at intervals

1.到处

2.时常;每隔...时间

at times有时,不时

every once in a while偶尔

every now and then有时;时时

every so often偶尔,有时

from time to time时常,有时

more often than not通常;时常

now and then时而,不时

off and on & on and off断断续续地,不时地

on occasion间或,有时

once in a while & every once in a while偶尔

随时

be at one's service随时提供服务,随时效劳

同时

at the same time

1.同时

2.然而,不过

coincide with (在空间、时间方面)巧合;同时发生;与...一致in the meantime在...期间;同时

熬夜

be up & stay up熬夜,晚睡

burn the midnight oil熬夜用功;开夜车

make a night of it熬夜,工作或玩一整夜

stay up不睡觉,熬夜

首先,初始

above all首先;最重要的是

ahead of领先;在...前面

at first起先

at the outset最初,开始

begin with以...开始;首先

first and foremost首要地,首先

first of all首先,第一

for one thing首先;一则(用以引出某事的理由)

in the first place最初;首先

second to none首屈一指

lead off开始,开头;率先

最后,终究

after all

1.到底,终究

2.毕竟

as it turn(s) out最终证明为

at last终于,最后

at the end of the day最终,考虑所有情况之后

once and for all最后一次;干脆

自始至终

all along自始至终;从头到尾

consist in ...是始终如一的

from start to finish自始至终

开始

acquire a taste for sth.对...有兴趣,开始喜欢

come from开始于...;起源于...;出生于...

comesintoseffect开始生效,开始实行

come on (劝说等)来吧;开始

get busy开始工作

get cracking开始; (尤指)大干起来

get down to开始认真做...

get going开始,着手

get off on the wrong foot开始就不顺利;一开始就犯了个错误get off the ground (指活动、事业等)顺利开始

get set准备好开始

get the ball rolling开始某种活动,开始

get to work (on)开始工作;开始做...

go ahead先请;请开始吧;继续

go off爆炸; (闹钟、雷)开始响起来

start out开始时打算,本来想要;动身

take up

1.开始从事

2.提出

3.接纳,吸收

结束,完成

all over 1.全部结束;完蛋

be finished with完成

bring an end to ... & bring ... to an end使...终止

bring off救出;圆满完成

come out

1.出版,刊出

2.结束;结果是

come to an end告终,结束;完结

culminate in达到高潮,顶点;以...告终

dash off迅速写(或画);迅速完成

draw to a close结束,终结

drink up喝干净,喝完

end in结束于,以...告终

end up

1.结束,停止

2.到达某处或某种状态,结果,到头来

finish up彻底完成,结束

get (sth.) over with结束(不愉快的事)

get out of the way解决,完成;除去

get over

1.从(疾病、震惊等)中恢复过来

2.做完,结束(不愉快但必须做的事)

get through

1.读(写、做)完

2.打通电话

go/be through with结束;完成

go through

1.穿过

2.完成;用光,耗尽

各处,到处

put an end to停止,结束;摧毁

run out (of)用完,没有了;耗尽

run out of time用完全部时间,没有时间了

rush through快速地做,匆忙完成

turn in交,缴(完成的工作)

wind up

1.以...为结尾,落得...的结果

2.结束,完成

wrap up完成(任务), (圆满)结

形容词

合适的: suitable/ advisable/ sound/ temperate/ rational/ preferable/ reliable/ fitting/ modest/ moderate

精致的: elegant/ delicate/ elaborate

美好的: gorgeous/ glorious/ splendid/ admirable/ breathtaking/

impressive/ spectacular/ superb

杰出的: outstanding/ distinguished/ eminent/ excellent/ supreme/ extraordinary/ prominent/ matchless/ foremost

著名的: famous/ illustrious/ celebrated/ notable

聪明的: intelligent/ wise/ ingenious/ sensible/ smart/ clever/ knowledgeable/ capable

大的: immense/ huge/ spacious/ prodigious/ massive/ enormous/ vast/ tremendous/ expansive/ mightily

小的: slight/ tiny/ microscopic/ small/ diminutive/ minuscule

重要的: important/ significant/ pivotal/ superb/ momentous/ vital/ primary/ essential/ principal/ leading/ major/ dominant/ predominant/ fateful

最好的: optimum/ premium

基本的: underlying/ elementary/ fundamental/ essential/ cardinal

不足的: insufficient/ scanty/ meager/ needy/ poor/ scarce/ devoid/ empty/ lacking

充足的: fraught/ sufficient/ enough/ adequate/ abundant

过多的: excessive/ redundant/ overabundant/ inordinate

特殊的: unique/ matchless/ unrivaled/ extraordinary/ special

奇怪的: odd/ bizarre/ quaint/ weird/ queer

相似的: similar/ approximate/ proximate/ homogeneous/ identical/ equal/ equivalent/ coordinate

无效的: null/ invalid/ void

有效的: valid/ effective/

高兴的: delightful/ happy/ hilarious/ exultant/ gleeful/ joyous/ exalted/ blessed/ pleasing/ amusing

名词

成就, 成功: success/ triumph/ victory/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fruition/ consummation/ attainments

失败: failure/ be defeated/ a case of crabs

观点: point of view/ standpoint/ viewpoint/ frame of reference/ theory 财产: treasure/ profit/ fortune/ moneybag/ wealth/ belongings/ estate/ possessions/ property/ riches/ worth

好处: advantage/ positive side/ benefit/ gain/ good/ stead

优点: excellence/ merit/ strongpoint/ virtue

缺点: bug/ disfigurement/ limitation/ objection/ vice/ lacuna/ defect 发展: development/ evolution/ progress/ grow

普及: popularization/ prevalence

出现: emergence

情况: circumstance/ condition

原因: causation/ cause/ matter/ reason

影响: influence/ impact

动词

提供: provide/ supply/ furnish/ give/ render/ accommodate

思考: consider/ speculate/ ponder/ think

建议: propose/ suggest/ advance/ mention/ recommend/ advise/ offer

吸引: engross/ absorb/ draw/ attract/ intoxicate/ lure/ entice/ tempt 揭示: reveal/ exhibit/ expose/ disclose/ unveil/ show/ transpire/ indicate/ denote

解释: understand/ comprehend

说明: illuminate/ clarify/ illustrate/ exemplify/ explain/ elaborate 暗示: imply / allude/ insinuate

开始: start/emerge/ launch/ start/ begin/ commence/ initiate

带来, 引起: generate/ produce/ give rise to/ engender

停止: stop/ cease/ halt/ terminate/ end/ finish/ conclude

赞同: agree with/ applaud/ approve/ go along with

反对: oppose/ argue against/ combat

副词

非常: very/ extraordinarily/ highly/ in the extreme/ extremely/ largely/ quite/ awfully/ considerably/ greatly

明显的: clearly/ obviously/ distinctly/ evidently/ markedly/ visibly 表连接

后来: afterward/ consequentially/ then

最后: finally/ eventually/ lastly/ in the end/ ultimately/ at length 因此: therefore/ thus/ consequently/ in result/ hence/ as a result

然而: however/ nevertheless/ whereas

abundant—plentiful 丰富的－丰富的

accelerate—increase 加速－增加

accessible—reachable 可到达的－可到达的

accordingly—for that reason因此－因此

account for—explain说明

accumulate—collect积聚－收集

acute—intense急性的－剧烈的

adhere—stick粘附－粘附

adjunct—addition辅助－附加

adorn—decorate装饰－－装饰

adverse—negative相反的－负面的

advocate—proponent提倡者－支持者

aesthetical—artistic审美的－艺术的

astound—surprise令人极为惊讶的－令人惊讶

attachment (to)—preference (for)喜爱－喜爱

attain—achieve获得－获得

attendant—accompanying伴随的－伴随的

attire—clothing衣服－衣服

attribute—characteristic特征

aviation—navigation航空－航空

barren—infertile贫瘠的－贫瘠的

bias—prejudice偏见－偏见

bizarre—odd－奇异的－奇怪的

boost—raise促进－提高

bound—limit限制－限制

break (with)—departure (from)与…相分离－与…相分离

bring about—cause导致－导致

calculate—determine计划－决定

carry—support支撑－支撑

cast off—get rid of丢弃－抛弃

cease—stop终止－停止

celestial—astronomical天上的－天文的chance—unplanned偶然的－未计划的characterized—distinguished具有特色的－杰出的classify—categorize分类－分类

coarse—rough 粗糙－粗糙

cohesion—unity凝聚－结合，统一

coin—create创造，杜撰－创造

collectively—together共同的－一起

comparably—similarly类似－同样地

compile—put together收集－收集

compose—create创作－创作，创造

comprise—consist of 由…组成－由…组成

conceal—hide 隐藏－隐藏

concentrate—cluster集中－集中

conclusive—definitive最后的，结论性的－最后的，确定性的concomitant with—in conjunction with与…相一致－与…相一致condone—mercy宽恕－宽恕

confined—limited被限制的－限制的

conflict—opposition冲突－相反

conjectural—based on guessing 推测的－给予猜测的consciously—on purpose 有意识地－有目的地conserve—retain保存－保存

considerable—great（数量、程度）巨大的－巨大的considerable—much大量的－大量的，坚实的considerable—substantial 大量的－大量的，坚实的consort—associate合伙人，伴侣－合伙人，伙伴conspicuous—noticeable明显的－明显的constituent—component组成部分－成分

constitute—make up构成－构成

consult—counsel商量－商量

consumption—eating消费－吃

contemporary—existing 当代的－现存的

counteract—negate 抵消－取消，否定counterpart—version副本－版本

crucial—essential重要的，关键的－重要的，基本的cumbersome—burdensome麻烦的－麻烦的customary—usual习俗的－一般的dampen—moisten使潮湿－使潮湿

daring—bold大胆的－大胆的

deft—skilled灵巧的－熟练的

deliberate—careful深思熟虑的－小心的demand—order要求－命令

demonstrate—show 证明－显示

dense—thick 密集的－稠密的

depress—lower降低－降低

depressed—saddened沮丧的－悲伤的，沮丧的derive—obtain取得，获得－获得

detect—discover the presence of 发现－发现…的存在detectable—measurable可察觉的，可测出的－可测量的detectable—sizable可察觉的，可测出的－巨大的devastate—ruin损坏－毁灭

devote—dedicate投身－致力

dictate—determine规定－确定

diffuse—travel扩散－传播

dirt—soil土壤－土壤

disaster—catastrophe灾祸－大灾祸

discreet—careful谨慎的－小心的discrete—separate离散的－分离的dispute—argument争论－争论disseminate—spread/impart/inform传播－散布/传播/传播distinct—different截然不同的－不同的distinct—obvious明显的－明显的

distinct—separate分别的，截然不同的－分离的distinction—difference区别－差别distinguished—differentiated不同的－不同的，有区别的divergence—difference分歧－不同

dogma—belief/doctrine教条－信仰/教条domain—field范围，领域－土地，领域dominate—be prevalent in占优势－占优势dramatic—striking引人注目的－引人注目的drastic—radical猛烈的－根本的

drastic—severe激烈的－猛烈的

draw—attract吸引－吸引

durable—lasting耐久的－持久的durable—endurable耐久的－持久的

dwelling—house住宅－房子

eagerly anticipate—look forward to热切地期望－盼望elaborate—detailed详尽的，精巧的－详细的，精细的embed—encase植入－包裹

embrace—welcome（欣然）接受－欢迎embrace—recipient接受者－接受者，收件人emerge—appear出现－出现

emit—give off发射－发射

employ—hire雇用－雇用

enable—allow使能够－允许

enable—help使能够－帮助

enact—perform 制定法律，扮演角色－扮演角色

end—goal目的－目的

entire—whole全部的－全部的

entity—object实体－物体

entomb—trap埋葬－使陷于…之中

eradicate—eliminate根除－清除

essential—fundamental基本的－基本的

evidence—indicate表明－指出

exalted—superior高贵的－出众的

exceed—surpass超越－超过

execute—create（按计划和设计）做成，制成－创造exert—apply施加－施行

exorbitant—expensive 昂贵的，昂贵的expedient—makeshift权宜之计－权宜之计

exponential leaps—rapid increases几何级数般的跳跃－快速增加expose—uncover揭露－揭露

exposed to—subject to暴露于－使经受，使遭受extend—increase延长－增加，扩大

extend—stretch延伸－伸展

extol—praise赞美－赞扬

extract—remove提取，去掉－清除

faction—side帮派－一方

fade (from)—disappear (from)淡出－消失

fashion—create制作－创造

fatal—deadly致命的－致命的

feed—put填入－放入

fine—minute细小的－微小的

first rank—highest quality顶级的－最高档次的fixture—commonplace object固定设备－常规物体flatter—compliment奉承－赞美

forage—feed喂草料－喂食

forward-looking—progressive有远见的－进步的frame—pose给…设框－使摆好姿势

fundamental—basic基本的－基本的

fuse—combine融合－联合

gap—opening裂缝－裂缝

give way to—turn into被…所替代－转变为

glow—shine发光－发光

hard—firm坚硬的－坚硬的

hemisphere—side半球－一侧

herald—announce预示，宣布－预示，宣布homogeneous—uniform同源的－一致的

imitate—copy模仿－复制

immunity—protection免疫－保护

implement—tool工具－工具

implication— significance内涵－含义，意义impose—demand强加（要求）－要求

in place of—instead of 代替－代替

inadequate—deficient不充分的－缺乏的，不足够的incise—carve切割－雕刻

inclination—preference爱好，倾向－爱好

induce—cause导致－导致

inevitable—ineluctable不可避免的－不可避免的influx—arrival流入－到达

ingot—a block of metal金属锭－一块金属

inhibit—hinder阻止－妨碍

initially—at first最初－第一

initiate—begin创立－开始

instance—case案例－案例

instantaneous—immediate立杆见影的－立即的integral—essential整体的，构成整天所必需的－基本的，必需的intense—extreme强烈的－极端的interchangeable—equivalent可替换的－等值的intervention—influence干涉－影响

intricate—complex复杂的－复杂的

inviting—attractive吸引人的－吸引人的

jolt—shock使震惊－使震惊

lament—complain about令人对…感到遗憾－抱怨

lure—attract引诱－吸引

magnify—increase扩大－提高

magnify—intensify扩大－加强

magnitude—extent量值，大小－范围

maintain—preserve/keep维持－保持/保持

major—principal主要的－主要的

maneuver—trick策略，花招－诡计

margin—edge边缘－边缘

marked—pronounced明显的－明显的

meticulous—careful谨小慎微的，过分注意细节的－小心的

milestone—significant development里程碑－重大的发展minuscule—tiny微小的－微小的

minute—tiny微小的－微小的

modify—change改变－改变monopolize—dominate垄断－支配moreover—furthermore进一步说－进一步说mundane—ordinary世俗的－平常的

myriad of—many无数的－许多的nevertheless—however然而－然而novel—innovative新颖的－创新的noxious—harmful有害的－有害的

obtain—acquire得到－获得

obtain—get获得－得到

outbreak—beginning爆发－开始outline—summarization概要－概述outstanding—excellent出类拔萃的－很好的peak—maximum顶峰－最大值

peculiar—distinctive独特的－独特的

penetrate—go through穿过－穿过

persist—continue坚持－持续

pertinent—relevant相关的－相关的phenomenon—event现象－事件

pick up—follow沿着－沿着

picture—imagine/describe想象，描写－想象/描写pit—hole深坑－洞

ponder—meditate沉思－沉思

ponderous—heavy笨重的－沉重的

pore—hole孔－洞

position—location位置－位置

potential—possible潜在的－可能的

prefer—favor倾向，喜欢－喜欢preoccupation—involvement全神贯注

preside over—manage掌管－掌管

prevailing—most frequent主要的－最经常的prevent—avoid阻止－避免

primary—fundamental基础的－基本的，基础的principal—main主要的－主要的

prior to—preceding在…之前－前面的prominent—distinguished卓越的－杰出的prominent—prestigious卓越的－著名的property—characteristic特性－特点proponent—supporter支持者－支持者prospect—possibility前景－可能性protrude—project突出－突出

puncture—pierce刺破－刺破

rapid—swift快速的－迅速的

rare—infrequent希罕的－不经常的

rather—instead相反－相反

readily—easily容易地－容易地

realization—awareness认识到－认识到

reap—gain收获－获得

reckless—irresponsible不负责任的

refreshing—unusual给人新鲜感的－不同寻常的

relate—connect与…有关－与…有关

reliance—dependence依靠－依靠

remarkable—extraordinary非凡的－非凡的

restricted—limited受限制的－受限制的

revise—change修改－改变

rich—abundant丰富的－丰富的

robust—strong强壮的－强壮的

roll back—reduce把…压到标准水平－降低，减少rotate—alternate旋转－交替

rotate—turn旋转－旋转

roughly—approximately大约－大概

rudimentary—undeveloped初步的，尚未发展完备的－尚未发展完备的rupture—burst爆裂－爆裂

sanitation—health卫生－卫生

scale—climb攀登－攀登

scope—range范围－范围

secure—acquire弄到，获得－获得

secure—safe安全的－安全的

set—establish设置－建立

settle—locate定居－坐落

shield—protect保护－保护

shy away from—avoid躲避－躲避

simultaneous—synchronous同时的－同时的

since—because因为－因为

site—location地点－位置

skepticism—doubt怀疑－怀疑

skilled—expert熟练的－熟练的

skyrocket—increase rapidly快速上升－迅速增加smother—eliminate窒息－清楚

snap—break断裂－断裂

sole—only唯一的－唯一的

solemn—serious严肃的－严肃的

some—approximately大约－大概

sort out—separate区分－分离

spark—bring (about)/usher (in)引起，开始－引起/开始

spawn—create引起，大量生产－创造

speculate—hypothesize推测－假设

spot—identify发现－确定，鉴别

staggering—overwhelming令人惊愕的－压倒性的

staple—basic element主要部分－基本组成部分

stationary—fixed静止的－固定的

stimulate—encourage刺激－激励

story—tale故事－故事

strategy—scam/trick诡计－诡计/诡计

strength—basis力量的源泉－基础

stress—emphasize强调－强调

stringent—strict严格的－严格的

struggle—competition挣扎－竞争

subject to—susceptible to易受…的－易受…的

subsidize—finance资助－资助

substantiate—verify证实－证实

subtle—slight精巧微妙的－细微的

succinct—concise/terse简短的－简明的/简短的

sufficient—adequate充足的－充足的

sumptuous—luxurious奢侈的－奢侈的

supplement—extension补充－扩展，延伸

support—hold/uphold支持－支撑/支持

supposed—seeming假定的－表面上的

supremacy—dominance至高无上－优势

supreme—most outstanding至高无上的－最出类拔萃的

surge—accelerate汹涌进行－加速发展

suspend—hang悬挂－悬挂

symmetrical—proportionally balanced对称的－比例平衡的

tangle—twist/jumble纠缠－缠绕、使混乱

tempting—attractive吸引人的－吸引人的

thankful—grateful感谢－感激

trace—imprint痕迹－印记

trend—tendency倾向－趋向

unadorned—disorganized未修饰的－混乱的

undergo—experience经历－经历

uniform—integrate统一－整合

unique—particular独一无二的－独特的

unravel—discover弄清－发现

usher in—begin开始－开始

vary—differ改变－与…不同

vast—large宽广的，巨大的－巨大的

vibrate—convulse震动－震动

vigilant—alert警惕的－警惕的

virtually—actually/practically/almost实质上（几乎）－实际上（几乎）/实际上（几

乎）/几乎

witness—observe目击－观察

yield—provide产生－提供

从无到有

开始

Begin, start, begin with, spring, start up, set off on, break out, strike up, originate from,;

Initiate, launch, originate, sprout; unfold; unleash

outset, onset,

Rudimentary, elementary,

出现

Appear, appear to be, emerge, arise, loom, turn out, show up, com out, come into

sight/view, come forth

发生

Happen, occur, take place, come about,

Happening occurrence

产生,创造

create, produce, bring about, yield, give birth to, bear, bring into being, generate, beget，germinate;

Invent, innovate, renovate, plan, design, imagine, conceive, devise, formulate, imagine, envision,

建立

Found, set, built up, construct, institute, constitute, set up, establish

制造,组成

Make, make up, produce, construct, turn out, manufacture, form, shape, compose, compile, concoct, fabricate

生长壮大

复制,繁殖58

Copy, duplicate, reproduce, multiply.

发育，发展

Grow, develop, breed, bring up, nurture, cultivate, hone, raise, foster, (主动)

Develop, advance, progress, move forward, go forward, proceed（自我成长）

Burgeon, flourish, thrive, bloom, blossom, boom, prosper;

保持，延续

Continue, last, carry on, keep on, keep, remain maintain retain

Perpetuate,

Persevere, stick with, insist on, persist in,

Continuous, incessant, permanent, constant, steady, unbroken, perpetual, everlasting, eternal, lasting, unending, uninterrupted, undying, immortal, invariable,

存在,生存

Exist，found, stand, lay in, be rooted in，be embedded in,

Substance, matter, object, material, stuff, things, entity,

individual, creature, beings,

Topic, subject, issue, theme, gist, item, content, point,

Extant, existing, in existence, substantive, ubiquitous, omnipresent, universal, survive，outlive，outlast, remain alive，

Endure, undergo,

从有到无

结束，停止53

stop，finish, be over, cease, discontinue, wind up, bring to an end(close, halt), end，come to an end, end up, terminate，quench，quell，run out, expire, conclude

adjourn/dissolve/lull/subvert,abortaive,

Surcease, cessation,

impasse, deadlock, logjam, stalemate,