金融英语常用语翻译

金融英语常用语翻译
金融英语常用语翻译

金融英语常用语的地道翻译[一]

1. 素质教育:Quality Education

2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient

3. 保险业:the insurance industry

4. 保证重点指出:ensure funding for priority areas

5. 补发拖欠的养老金:clear up pension payments in arrears

6. 不良贷款:non-performing loan

7. 层层转包和违法分包:mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting

8. 城乡信用社:credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas

9. 城镇居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for city residents

10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers

11. 出口信贷:export credit

12. 贷款质量:loan quality

13. 贷款质量五级分类办法:the five-category assets classification for bank loans

14. 防范和化解金融风险:take precautions against and reduce financial risks

15. 防洪工程:flood-prevention project

16. 非法外汇交易:illegal foreign exchange transaction

17. 非贸易收汇:foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels

18. 非银行金融机构:non-bank financial institutions

19. 费改税:transform administrative fees into taxes

20. 跟踪审计:foolow-up auditing

21. 工程监理制度:the monitoring system for projects

22. 国有资产安全:the safety of state-owned assets

23. 过度开垦:excess reclamation

24. 合同管理制度:the contract system for governing projects

25. 积极的财政政策:pro-active fiscal policy

26. 基本生活费:basic allowance

27. 解除劳动关系:sever labor relation

28. 金融监管责任制:the responsibility system for financial supervision

29. 经济安全:economic security

30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设:to increase the deficit to spend more on development

31. 扩大国内需求:the expansion of domestic demand

32. 拉动经济增长:fuel economic growth

33. 粮食仓库:grain depot

34. 粮食收购企业:grain collection and storage enterprise

35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行:closed operation of grain purchase funds

36. 粮食销售市场:grain sales market

37. 劣质工程:shoddy engineering

38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款:arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines

39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇:obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

40. 融资渠道:financing channels

41. 商业信贷原则:the principles for commercial credit

42. 社会保险机构:social security institution

43. 失业保险金:unemployment insurance benefits

44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税:tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes

45. 外汇收支:foreign exchange revenue and spending

46. 安居工程:housing project for low-income urban residents

47. 信息化:information-based; informationization

48. 智力密集型:concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive

49. 外资企业:overseas-funded enterprises

50. 下岗职工:laid-off workers

51. 分流:reposition of redundant personnel

52. 素质教育:education for all-round development

53. 豆腐渣工程:jerry-built projects

54. 社会治安情况:law-and-order situation

55. 民族国家:nation state

56. “台独”:"independence of Taiwan"

57. 台湾当局:Taiwan authorities

58. 台湾同胞:Taiwan compatriots

59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分:Taiwan is an inalienable part of the

Chinese territory.

60. 西部大开发:Development of the West Regions

61. 可持续性发展:sustainable development

62. 风险投资:risk investment

63. 通货紧缩:deflation

64. 扩大内需:to expand domestic demand

65. 计算机辅助教学:computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )

66. 网络空间:cyberspace

67. 虚拟现实:virtual reality

68. 网民:netizen ( net citizen )

69. 电脑犯罪:computer crime

70. 电子商务:the e-business

71. 网上购物:shopping online

72. 应试教育:exam-oriented education

73. 学生减负:to reduce study load

74. “厄尔尼诺”:(EL Nino)

75. “拉尼娜”:(La Nina)

76. “智商”:(IQ)

77. “情商”:(EQ)

78. “第三产业”:(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of

enterprises)

79.“第四产业”:(quaternary/information industry)

80.“军嫂”:(military spouse)

81.“峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”:summit(conference)

82.“克隆”:clone

83.“冰毒”:ice

84.“摇头丸”:dancing outreach

85.“传销”:multi level marketing

86.“(计算机)2000年问题”:Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand) 87.“白皮书”:white paper(不是white cover book)

88.“傻瓜相机”:Instamatic(商标名,

焦距、镜头均固定,被称为foolproof相机);

89.“白条”:IOU note(IOU:债款、债务,由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而

来)

90.“巡回招聘”:milk round(一种招聘毕业生的方式,大公司走访各大学及学院,向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。

91.“减员增效”:increase efficiency by downsizing staff;92.“抓大放小”:manage large enterprises well while ease control over

small ones;

93.“市政府要办的X件实事”:x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government’s working agenda;94.“两个基本点”:two focal points,two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC,I.e.upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reform,opening to the outside world and

invigorating domestic economy。

95.“投资热点”:a region attractive to investors,a muchsought piece of

hand,popular investment spot

96.“移动电话”:本系cellular(有时简作cel)或mobile(tele)phone 97.“三角债”:chain debts或debt chains

98.“拳头产品”:knockout product

99.“投诉热线”:dial-a-cheat confidential hotline(打电话告诉一件欺诈事

件)

100.“三通”的现译文three links:link of trade,travel and post金融英语常

用语的地道翻译[一]

1. 素质教育:Quality Education

2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient

3. 保险业:the insurance industry

4. 保证重点指出:ensure funding for priority areas

5. 补发拖欠的养老金:clear up pension payments in arrears

6. 不良贷款:non-performing loan

7. 层层转包和违法分包:mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting

8. 城乡信用社:credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas

9. 城镇居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for city residents

10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers

11. 出口信贷:export credit

12. 贷款质量:loan quality

13. 贷款质量五级分类办法:the five-category assets classification for bank loans

14. 防范和化解金融风险:take precautions against and reduce financial risks

15. 防洪工程:flood-prevention project

16. 非法外汇交易:illegal foreign exchange transaction

17. 非贸易收汇:foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels

18. 非银行金融机构:non-bank financial institutions

19. 费改税:transform administrative fees into taxes

20. 跟踪审计:foolow-up auditing

21. 工程监理制度:the monitoring system for projects

22. 国有资产安全:the safety of state-owned assets

23. 过度开垦:excess reclamation

24. 合同管理制度:the contract system for governing projects

25. 积极的财政政策:pro-active fiscal policy

26. 基本生活费:basic allowance

27. 解除劳动关系:sever labor relation

28. 金融监管责任制:the responsibility system for financial supervision

29. 经济安全:economic security

30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设:to increase the deficit to spend more on development

31. 扩大国内需求:the expansion of domestic demand

32. 拉动经济增长:fuel economic growth

33. 粮食仓库:grain depot

34. 粮食收购企业:grain collection and storage enterprise

35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行:closed operation of grain purchase funds

36. 粮食销售市场:grain sales market

37. 劣质工程:shoddy engineering

38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款:arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines

39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇:obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

40. 融资渠道:financing channels

41. 商业信贷原则:the principles for commercial credit

42. 社会保险机构:social security institution

43. 失业保险金:unemployment insurance benefits

44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税:tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes

45. 外汇收支:foreign exchange revenue and spending

46. 安居工程:housing project for low-income urban residents

47. 信息化:information-based; informationization

48. 智力密集型:concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive

49. 外资企业:overseas-funded enterprises

50. 下岗职工:laid-off workers

51. 分流:reposition of redundant personnel

52. 素质教育:education for all-round development

53. 豆腐渣工程:jerry-built projects

54. 社会治安情况:law-and-order situation

55. 民族国家:nation state

56. “台独”:"independence of Taiwan"

57. 台湾当局:Taiwan authorities

58. 台湾同胞:Taiwan compatriots

59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分:Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.

60. 西部大开发:Development of the West Regions

61. 可持续性发展:sustainable development

62. 风险投资:risk investment

63. 通货紧缩:deflation

64. 扩大内需:to expand domestic demand

65. 计算机辅助教学:computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )

66. 网络空间:cyberspace

67. 虚拟现实:virtual reality

68. 网民:netizen ( net citizen )

69. 电脑犯罪:computer crime

70. 电子商务:the e-business

71. 网上购物:shopping online

72. 应试教育:exam-oriented education

73. 学生减负:to reduce study load

74. “厄尔尼诺”:(EL Nino)

75. “拉尼娜”:(La Nina)

76. “智商”:(IQ)

77. “情商”:(EQ)

78. “第三产业”:(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises)79.“第四产业”:(quaternary/information industry)

80.“军嫂”:(military spouse)

81.“峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”:summit(conference)

82.“克隆”:clone

83.“冰毒”:ice

84.“摇头丸”:dancing outreach

85.“传销”:multi level marketing

86.“(计算机)2000年问题”:Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)

87.“白皮书”:white paper(不是white cover book)

88.“傻瓜相机”:Instamatic(商标名,

焦距、镜头均固定,被称为foolproof相机);

89.“白条”:IOU note(IOU:债款、债务,由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来)90.“巡回招聘”:milk round(一种招聘毕业生的方式,大公司走访各大学及学院,向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。

91.“减员增效”:increase efficiency by downsizing staff;

92.“抓大放小”:manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones;93.“市政府要办的X件实事”:x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government’s working agenda;

94.“两个基本点”:two focal points,two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC,I.e.upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reform,opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。

95.“投资热点”:a region attractive to investors,a muchsought piece of hand,popular investment spot

96.“移动电话”:本系cellular(有时简作cel)或mobile(tele)phone

97.“三角债”:chain debts或debt chains

98.“拳头产品”:knockout product

99.“投诉热线”:dial-a-cheat confidential hotline(打电话告诉一件欺诈事件)100.“三通”的现译文three links:link of trade,travel and post

商务英语句子及翻译

1、The market leader is frequently able to lead other firms in the introduction of new products, in price changes, in the level or intensity of promotions, and so on. 市场领导者在引进新产品、调整价格、促销活动等方面能够领导其它企业。 2、Contrary to a common belief, wholly dominating a market, or having a monopoly, is seldom an advantage: competitors expand markets and find new uses and users for products, which enriches everyone in the field, but the market leader more than its competitors. 和普遍看法相反,完全控制市场,或者垄断,很难有优势:竞争者扩大市场,寻找产品的新用途和客户,从而使这个领域的人富有,但是市场领导者比竞争者得到更多。 3、In the car hire business, the challenger actually advertises this fact: for many years Avis used the slogan ‘We’re number two. We try harder.’ 在汽车市场,竞争者登广告的真相是:阿维斯多年来一直用这个标语“我们是第二,我们一直很努力。” 4、Although small companies are generally flexible, and can quickly respond to market conditions, their narrow range of customers causes problematic fluctuations in turnover and profit. 尽管一些小公司很灵活,能够迅速对市场情况做出反应,他们有限的范围内的客户们导致翻覆波动和利润的不确定。5、Although the market could understand data concerning companies’earnings, it was highly inefficient in valuing assets, including land, buildings and pension funds. 尽管市场能够获悉企业收入的资料,对价值资产的利用效率非常低,包括土地,建筑和养老基金。 6、The ideal targets for such buyouts were companies with huge cash reserves that enabled the buyer to pay the interest on the debt, or companies with successful subsidiaries that could be sold to repay the principal, or companies in fields that are not sensitive to a recession such as food and tobacco.

金融专业英语阅读(答案)

Lesson One Translate the following passage into Chinese 1.紧缩性货币政策和扩张性货币政策都涉及到改变一个国家的货币供应量水平。 扩张性货币政策增加货币供应量,而紧缩性货币政策会减少货币供应量。 2.当联邦储备体系在公开市场上购买有价证券,会引起证券价格上涨。债券价格 和利率成反比关系。联邦贴现率就是一种利率,因此降低联邦利率实际上就是 降低利率。如果联邦储备系统决定降低法定储备要求,那么银行能够进行投资 的资金会增加。这会引起投资比如债券价格的上涨,因此利率会降低。无论联 邦储备体系用何种方法来增加货币供应量,利率都会降低,债券价格会上涨。 Translate the following sentences into English 1. China would maintain a stable currency and prudent monetary policy, and expected to stay within its growth and inflation targets this year 2.China would also maintain a prudent monetary policy to support economic development while preventing inflationary pressure and financial risks 3. China’s economy continued to grow steadily and rapidly in the first quarter, with investment in fixed assets slowing and domestic consumption accelerating. 4.because of China’s large increase in its trade surplus and foreign exchange reserves in the first quarter, the effectiveness of its monetary policy — used to help control inflation — was facing “serious challenges.” 5. The central bank would seek to further streamline its foreign exchange system to facilitate the orderly outflow of funds. At the same time, it would tighten the management of foreign exchange inflows and settlement. —Three Translation: Translate the following passage into Chinese 1.外汇交易当然是指两种不用货币之间的交易了。每一组货币的交易或“买卖”都包含两个部分。一个是即期市场,在这个市场中支付(交付)需在交易时立即进行(在实际操作中一般是在第二个交易日进行),另一个就是远期市场。远期市场的汇率是在交易的时候就先确定了,但实际的交易,或交付则是在未来的某个特定时间进行的。 2.外汇交易期权是指一种货币和另一种货币在未来进行交付的一个合同,在此合同中,

金融英语常用语的地道翻译[一]金融,英语,翻译.doc

金融英语常用语的地道翻译[一]-金融,英语,翻译-商务指南- 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行:closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场:grain sales market 37. 劣质工程:shoddy engineering 38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款:arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇:obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 40. 融资渠道:financing channels 41. 商业信贷原则:the principles for commercial credit 42. 社会保险机构:social security institution 43. 失业保险金:unemployment insurance benefits 44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税:tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes

45. 外汇收支:foreign exchange revenue and spending 46. 安居工程:housing project for low-income urban residents 47. 信息化:information-based; informationization 48. 智力密集型:concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive 49. 外资企业:overseas-funded enterprises 50. 下岗职工:laid-off workers 51. 分流:reposition of redundant personnel 52. 素质教育:education for all-round development 53. 豆腐渣工程:jerry-built projects 54. 社会治安情况:law-and-order situation 55. 民族国家:nation state 56. “台独”:"independence of Taiwan" 57. 台湾当局:Taiwan authorities 58. 台湾同胞:Taiwan compatriots 59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分:Taiwan is an inalienable

常用金融英语词汇的翻译知识讲解

常用金融英语词汇的 翻译

常用金融英语词汇的翻译 acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐 chart of cash flow 现金流量表 clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股 diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资 global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化,全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt (经济的)急剧增长 have one's "two commas" 百万富翁 hedge against 套期保值 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股,所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股 initial public offerings 首次公募 innovative business 创新企业 intellectual capital 智力资本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 网上客户 investment payoff period 投资回收期 joint-stock 参股 mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人 means of production 生产要素 (the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购

商务英语句子翻译整理

1、我们愿与贵公司建立业务往来。 We are willing to establish trade relations with your company. 2、我们愿为发展双方贸易提供机会。 We wish to offer you an opportunity to develop bilateral trade. 3、我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务,希望与贵方建立商业关系。 This corporation specializes in importing and exporting electronic products and wishes to enter into business relations with you. 4、根据你公司1月20日来函要求,现附寄目录一份。 As requested in your letter of Jan.20, we enclose a copy of our catalogue. 5、对你努力为我公司开拓市场,深表感谢 We very much appreciate your efforts to explore the market for our products. 6、我们相信,我们双方的业务将随着时间的推移而得到发展。 We are sure that the business between us will be promoted in years to come. 7、我们保证对于贵方的询价给予充分的重视。 We assure you of our best attention to any inquiries from you. 8、殷切地盼望早日来函。We anticipate a prompt reply from you. 9、如果你方报价具有竞争性,交货期可接受的话,我们愿向你方订货。 We shall be very glad to place our order with you if your quotation is competitive and delivery date acceptable. 10、一旦收到你方具体询价,我们将电告报价。 As soon as we receive your specific inquiry, we will cable our quotation. 11、如果你方有兴趣,请电告我方,说明所需数量。 If you are interested, please cable us, indicating the quantity you require. 12、此发价为实盘,以你方在本月底前复到有效。 This offer is firm, subject to your reply which should reach us not later than the end of this month. 13、我们对贵方发盘颇感兴趣,几日内将给予明确答复。 We find your offer very interesting and shall give you a definite reply in a few days. 14、鉴于我们长期的贸易关系,特报此盘。 It is in view of our longstanding business relationship that we make you such an offer. 15、这是我方最新价格单,您会发现我们价格是具有竞争性的。 This is our latest price list. You will find our price is very competitive. 16、如果你方订货数量大,价格还可以进一步考虑。 We can reconsider our price if your order is big enough. 17、若你方愿降低价格,比方说百分之五,我们愿向你方试订此货。 Should you be prepared to reduce the price by, say 5%, we should place trial order with you. 18、鉴于我们已按此价与买主大量成交,我们不可能再降价了。 In view of the fact that we have done a lot of business with buyers at this price, we cannot reduce our price any further. 19、我们建议你方再次考虑发价,使之与国际市场价格一致起来。 We suggest that you reconsider your price, and bring it into line with the international market price. 20、我方决定再作百分之二的让步,希望这能有助于你方推销产品。 We have decided to make a further concession of 2% in the hope that this will help you push the sales of our

金融专业英语及翻译

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金融英语翻译范文

China raises interest rates to slow inflation The People's Bank of China, the central bank, raised key savings and lending interest rates from Sunday, March 18, the third time in 11 months in a bid to curb inflation and asset bubbles in the world's fastest-growing major economy. The one-year benchmark lending rate will be raised to 6.39 percent from 6.12 percent, and the one-year deposit rate will be increased to 2.79 percent from 2.52 percent, according to a statement on the bank's website (https://www.360docs.net/doc/2416096693.html,) . Central bank Governor Zhou Xiao chuan is concerned that cash from a record trade surplus is stoking excess investment, raising the risk of accelerating inflation and boom-and-bust cycles in asset prices. Zhou has resisted calls from Europe and the US to let the Yuan strengthen at a faster pace, making China's exports more expensive. The central bank said, said in a statement posted on its website, that this interest rates adjustment will be conducive to the rational growth of credit and investment; conducive to maintaining a stable price level; conducive to the steady operation of the financial system; conducive to the balanced economic growth and structural optimization, and conducive to promoting sound and fast growth of the national economy. "The data released in the past week suggests that the economy is not actually slowing and that the government is becoming quite

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3.drawee 付款人(或称受票人,指汇票) to drawn on (or :upon) 以(某人)为付款人 to value on 以(某人)为付款人 to issued on 以(某人)为付款人 4.drawer 出票人 5.advising bank 通知行 advising bank 通知行 the notifying bank 通知行 advised th rough…bank 通过……银行通知 advised by airmail/cable through…bank 通过……银行航空信/电通知 6.opening bank 开证行 opening bank 开证行 issuing bank 开证行 establishing bank 开证行 7.negotiation bank 议付行 negotiating bank 议付行 negotiation bank 议付行 8.paying bank 付款行 9.reimbursing bank 偿付行

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Unit 1 翻译: 1、这位网络销售主管调查研究后开始实行自己的计划。(put ... into practice) The network sales executive began to put his plans into practice after research and investigation. 2、由于母亲没有养老金,姐妹俩每人每月出资500 美元赡养她。(contribute ... to) Because their mother didn't have her pension, the two sisters each contributed $500 a month to support her. 3、杰姆大叔认为市价上涨,他就可以赚到一笔钱。(cash in) Uncle Jim thought that a rise in the market would enable him to cash in. 4、罗宾逊奋斗多年,先后当过会计、代理商和项目经理。(in turn) For years Robinson struggled hard, working in turn as an accountant, an agent, and a project manager. 5、昨天,博物馆中一幅价值50万美元的绘画被盗窃。(worth of) Yesterday, a $500,000 worth of painting was stolen from the museum. 6、参加华交会的客商从全国各地纷至沓来。(roll in) The businessmen who came to take part in the East China Fair rolled in from all parts of the country. 7、他们很自然地把这件事与促销计划联系在一起。(associate ... with) They naturally associated the matter with the promotional plan. 8、这本书着重具体分析该规划的可行性(feasibility)。(focus on) The book focuses on concrete analysis of the feasibility of the program. 9、引进先进的技术以后,我们现在每月可生产20台机器。(put out) After introducing advanced technology, we can put out 20 machines every month now. 10、获得奖学金的学生占我校学生总数将近五分之三。(account for) Scholarship students account for nearly three fifths of the whole enrollment in our college. Unit 2 1、近来他们生意很糟糕,不久就得歇业。(close down) They will have to close down soon because business has been bad recently. 2、我们打字纸快用完了,让秘书尽快去买一些。(run out of) We are running out of typing paper, so let the secretary buy some as soon as possible. 3、该文化发展委员会是由来自全国8所大学的10位著名专家组成的。(consist of) The committee for cultural development consists of 10 famous experts from 8 universities of the country. 4、如果邮包未经保险(insure),邮局对其受损不负责任。(be liable for) The Post Office is not liable for damage to a parcel by mail if it is not insured. 5、这家超市由于经营不善而陷入债务。(go into debt) The supermarket goes into debt due to bad management.

金融英语句子翻译

Chapter 1 1. However, research has shown that countries often reversed the steps mentioned above and sterilized gold flows, that is sold domestic assets when foreign reserves were rising and bought domestic assets as foreign reserves fell. Government interference with private gold exports also undermined the system. The picture of smooth and automatic balance of payments adjustment before World War I therefore did not always match reality. 然而,研究表明各国经常反道而行之,他们制止黄金的流动,也就是说,当外国储备升高时他们售出国内资产,而当外国储备下降时,他们购买国内资产。政府对私人黄金出口的干预也破坏了该体系。第一次世界大战前平衡自动的国际收支调整情形常常与现实不相吻合。2. The gold standard regime has conventionally been associated with three rules of the game. The first rule is that in each participating country the price of the domestic currency must be fixed in terms of gold. Since the gold content in one unit of each currency was fixed, exchange rates were also fixed. This was called the mint parity. The second rule is that there must be a free import and export of gold. The third rule is that the surplus country which is gaining gold, should allow its volume of money to increase while the deficit country, which is losing gold, should allow its volume of money to fall. 金本位制按惯例与三条规则有关联。第一条规则是每个参加国其国内货币价格以黄金来确定。由于每一货币单位的黄金含量是固定的,所以汇率也是不变的。这叫做铸币平价。第二条规则是黄金须自由进出口。第三条规则为顺差国,即得到黄金的国家应允许其货币量增加,而逆差国,即失去黄金的国家则允许其货币量减少。 3. Central banks experiencing persistent gold out flows were motivated to contract their domestic asset holdings for the fear of becoming unable to meet their obligation to redeem currency notes. Thus domestic interest rates were pushed up and capital would flow in from abroad. Central banks gaining gold had much weaker incentives to eliminate their own imports of the metal. The main incentive was the greater profitability of interest-bearing domestic assets compared with “barren” gold. 经历持续黄金输出的央行为了避免不能履行其兑换现钞的职责而趋于减少其国内资产的拥有量。这样国内的利率会提高,资金会从国外流入。而获得黄金的央行取消自己黄金进口的动机要弱得多。其主要动机在于与“贫瘠”的黄金相比,有利可图的国内资产具有巨大的获利性。 4. Given the prices of currencies fixed in terms of gold, the price levels within gold standard countries did not rise as much between 1870 and 1914 as over the period after World war II, but national price levels moved unpredictably over shorter horizons as periods of inflation and deflation followed each other. 因为是根据黄金储备而确定货币的价格,在金本位制国家内部的价格水平在1870年到1914年间并未像第二次世界大战后时期那样上涨。但是,全国的价格水平在短时期内出现了像通货膨胀和通货紧缩相互交替时期的不可预见的波动。 Chapter 2 1. They thought a devaluation was a sign of national weakness and a revaluation would reduce the competitiveness of a country. 他们(这些发达国家)认为,货币贬值表示一个国家经济不景气(疲软),而货币升值则会削弱一个国家的竞争能力。 2. The unwillingness of industrial nations to change their par values as a matter of policy when in

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