14年大连化物所考博真题

西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析

西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析 I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points) EXAMPLE: I was caught_the rain yesterday. A.in B.by C.with D.at ANSWER:(A) l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years. A.to B.between C.against D.with 2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___ A.in B.with C.among D.by 3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply. A.hundred of B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred 4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help. A.whether B.unless C.so that D.in case 5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__. A.more better B.still better C.nicely D.best 6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation. https://www.360docs.net/doc/261723784.html,ck of B.are lacking of https://www.360docs.net/doc/261723784.html,ck D.are in lack 7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work

医学考博英语翻译习题

医学考博英语翻译习题 An AIDS Mystery Solved (1) About 15 years ago， a well-meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney，Australia，not knowing he has been exposed to HIV-1，the virus that causes AIDS. Much later，public-health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions? containing his blood had become infected with the same virus; presumably they were almost sure to die. But as six years stretched to 10，then to 14，the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment. Although two of the recipients have died from other causes，not one of the seven people known to have received transfusions of the man’s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS. More telling still，the donor，a sexually active homosexual，is also healthy. In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all. What could explain such unexpected good fortune? (2) A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery. The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on，the team reported last week in the journal Science. contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it innocuous?. “Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years，”marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia’s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Re-search，“but the prediction is that they never will.”Deacon speculates that this “impotent”HIV may even be a natural inoculant? that protects its carriers against more virulent strains? of the virus，much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th-century milkmaids. (3) If this ______ proves right，it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late-20th century’s most terrible epidemic. For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick，the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far-reaching implications. “What these results suggest，”says Dr. Barney Graham of Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University，“is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it.” (4) The strain of HIV that popped up? in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication. In fact，the virus is missing so much of this particular gene —known as nef，for negative factor —that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function. And sure enough，while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells —white blood cells that are critical to the immune system’s ability to ward off infection —it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence. Some of the infected Australians，for example，were found to carry as few as one or two copies of the virus for every 100000 T cells. People with AIDS，by contrast，are burdened with viral loads thousands of times higher. (5) At the very least，the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers. If its activity can be blocked，suggests Deacon，researchers might be able to hold the progression of disease at bay，even in people who have developed full-blown AIDS. The need for better AIDS-fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel，which recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs，including the first of a new class of compounds called protease? inhibitors?. Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs，neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold.

西安交通大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

西安交通大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 The technological dimension of innovation process has been extensively commended on. Market innovation processes._____(1)has remained underexplored both theoretically and empirically. Our starting point was that the conception of market innovation depends strongly on our ____(2) Of markets. Two different approaches to markets were contrasted: one epistemologial orientation ____(3) generating the right knowledge about markets,and one ontological orientation emphasizing their active production. Drawing on the latter, we defined “market”innovation ____(4)changes in the way business is done. In this respect, the contribution to this special issue are ____(5) by the idea that market innovation is not something that envelops market from the outside (like technological innovation or regulatory change).____(6)something that comes from changing the very components that make up markets, ____(7),recent theorizing about markets from a practice prospective suggests markets are continuous outcomes of on-going efforts.____(8)change the rule and stability the exception. In line with this, the markets repeatedly illustrate efforts at directing and /or preventing change rather than promoting it. This leads us to suggest that market innovation. Face the balancing act of capturing opportunities____(9) change through stabilizing efforts that produce innovation rems. Such stabilizing efforts were noted in two special areas: establishing and maintaining a bounded network of buyers,sellers,goods, etc. And configuring this network in particular ways____(10)channel interaction between entities. These stabilizing efforts were parsued in four ways: Internationalizing norms and rules; building devlees and technical infrastructures,generating and Dissemination images, models,and representation and ____(11) practices, routines and habits. Despite stabilizing efforts,however, stability is hard to achieve,____(12)due to competing political project about how a market should work, herein wu argue,____(13)the key dynamic of market innovation processes. While market innovation seek stability,____(14)also strive for dynamic transformation. While stability id=s sought ,instability offers stack ____(15)allows markets to develop and pursue new opportunities. Actors trying to reconfigure markets ____(16) sufficient predictability to anticipate potential rents, yet thrive on the opportunities of of market in flux____(17),efforts to eliminate market slack,e.g,through extensive marked rationalization, is not only difficult but also undersirable. ____(18)brings us to our final removal. We ____(19) that market innovation processes designed above play a significant part in what has been said to characterize a well functioning market,namely the ability to handle its own overflows. To further develop action-oriented insights commingle such processes, one would do well to return the comprehensive and dynamic perspective offered by conceiving of markets as service Eco-system, social-material networks, or tech-lednical enhancements____(20) exemplifed in the subsequent articles. 1.A to be specific B however C therefore D on the other hand

哈工大考博英语真题及答案

General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein

2018年全国医学考博英语试题.doc教学文稿

2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c

2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。国家医学考试中心

PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.

全国医学考博英语试题.doc

北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析

北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that, apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate. 42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. 43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were covered

医学博士英语全国统考试卷2003

2003 part II 31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. A.frustrated失败的, 落空的 B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的 C.approved被认可的 D.distracted心烦意乱的 32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all. A.promised https://www.360docs.net/doc/261723784.html,mitted commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于 C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的 D.converted 33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan. A.in honor of B.in search of C.in place of D.in favor of 34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio. A.accomplishment a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘 Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件 C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人 D.patent 35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer. A.tailored B.administrated C.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人 D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯 36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____ A.in circulation流通者;传播者 B.under consideration在考虑之中 C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有 D.at stake危如累卵, 危险 37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品 B.diet C.tasteful D.edible edible fat食用油脂 38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately. A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面 B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁 C.put on D.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行 39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers. A.irregular B.illiterate C.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的 D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的 40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.

2015年湖南师范大学英语语言文学考研难度,考研参考书,考研真题

2015年育明教育英语专业考研详解湖南师范大学(A等) 1推荐理由英语语言文学博士点。外语学院始建于1938年，钱钟书等知名学者曾先后执教于此。下设英语语言文学系，俄语系、日语系、翻译系和商务英语系。有1个英语语言文学博士点、1个一级学科硕士点(外国语言文学)、7个硕士点。已形成以蒋洪新、肖明翰(英美文学方向)，黄振定、蒋坚松(翻译方向)，白解红、石毓智(语言学方向)为主要学科带头人，以中青年教师为基础的强大的师资队伍。学院与美国、英国等30余所大学建立了交流合作关系。在校硕士研究生148人，博士研究生28人，全日制本科生1162人。 22012年招生概况专业代码专业名称招生研究方向所属院系专业备注 040102课程与教学论 02英语课程与教学论 008外国语学院 / 050201 英语语言文学01英美文学研究各方向招生人数所占比例：方向01占本专业招生人数的30%，方向02占本专业招生人数的40%，方向03占本专业招生人数的30%。 02英语语言学研究 03翻译学研究 050211外国语言学及应用语学 01语言学研究 / 02翻译理论与实践研究 03英语与英语教学研究

3近三年复试分数线年份政治、二外专业课一专业课二总分2009517777340 2010507575345 2011558383355 4考试科目思想政治理论;二外(俄、日、法、德);教育学专业基础综合;英语综合;英美文学和中文作文/语语言学和中文作文/译理论和英汉互译 5参考书目(部分) 常耀信著，《英国文学简史》，南开大学出版社，2006年; 常耀信著，《美国文学简史》，南开大学出版社，2006年; 蒋洪新编著，《英美诗歌选读》，湖南师范大学出版社，2008年; 蒋洪新、郑燕虹编著，《英美文学阅读与鉴赏》，湖南师范大学出版社，2011年; Eugene A.Nida&Charles R.Taber,The Theory and Practice of Translation,上海外语教育出版社，2004; Mark Shuttleworth&Moira Cowie,Dictionary of Translation Studies,上海外语教育出版社，2004; 陈福康，《中国译学理论史稿》，上海外语教育出版社，2000。 6就业情况毕业生多分布在各省市外办、外企、外贸、大专院校、科研机构、新闻出版等单位。初试注意五大要点： 1，要有一个安静的环境。不论在学校还是自己的家里什么的，要尽量给自己一个安静的环境。就这么一次尝试，要珍惜这次机会。 2，心态要宁静。谈恋爱的，互相鼓励最好，生气闹别扭要不得。一气好几天都浪费过去了。和同学老师家长都要和和气气的。一来考研就是你自己的事情，对别人不是什么天大的事情，别要求大家都