高中英语阅读理解解题技巧 讲解(配有例题)
高中英语阅读理解解题策略与技巧高考题型和解题技巧
1、主旨大意题（几乎每年高考都有，1~3题）
这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea,
topic, theme等词。
1. 归纳标题题
特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖
全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程
度或色彩。常见命题形式有：
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ___.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意题
包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），
常见命题形式有：
What is the general/main idea of the passage？
Which of the following expresses the main idea？
What is the subject discussed in the text?
The writer of the story wants to tell us that_____.
The passage/ text is mainly about_____.
What’s the article mainly about ？
解题技巧：
阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：
提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况：
位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，
即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为
主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二，三句的关系；如果从第
二句
就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些
段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of;
first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other;
some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。
位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述
作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，
最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。
如果它具备主題句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。
一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句
便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。
如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；
in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类
信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，
以确定其是否是主题句。
位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性
的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的
深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要
有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释；
或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。
首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼
后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，
这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单
重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或
使之引申留给读者去思考。
无明确主题句：找关键词（出现频率较高）, 归纳总结。
注意: 新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易
犯以下三种错误：
（1）表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节；
（2）表述过于笼统，超出该段的内容；
（3）表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据．
二、细节理解题（比例较大）
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等；
议论文中例证细节；定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般
都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要
根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。
1. 事实细节题→寻读法
（先读题，带着题干信息快速浏览全文）
分为直接理解题和间接理解题，常见命题形式有：
What can we learn from the passage?
All the following are mentioned except .
Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…? 2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法
（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）
常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。
常见命题形式有：
Which of the following is the correct order of…?
Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
3. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→
对比、分析、计算）
可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。
三、推理判断题（失分较多、难度最大的题型）
主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求
考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点
的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。
题干关键词：infer(推断), indicate(象征，暗示), imply/suggest(暗示),
conclude(作出结论), assume(假定，设想).
1. 细节推理判断题
一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有：
It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.
The author implies/ suggests that_____.
We may infer that _________.
Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
2. 预测推理判断题
根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有：
What do you think will happen if/when…?
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write .
3. 推测文章来源或读者对象
常见命题形式有：
The passage is probably take out of .
The passage would most likely be found in .
Where does this text probably come from?
4. 写作意图、目的、态度推断题
作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。询问写作目的的题，
选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释), prove (证明),
persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬),
criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明),
argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。
询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：
neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的),
friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的),
subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), pessimistic(悲观的),
optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的),
hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。
常见命题形式有：
The purpose of the text is .
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
By mentioning…, the author aims to show that .
What is the author’s attitude towards…?
What is the author’s opinion on…?
The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
解答技巧:
推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、
归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，
切莫主观臆断。
①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来
的选项。
②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时
一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的
观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。
四、词义猜测题
考点：①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义；②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义；③判断某个代词的指代的对象。常见命题形式有：
The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.
The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.
The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______.
The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ?
解题技巧:
1.通过因果关系猜词
首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。
有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，
as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。
例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.
通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame
的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，
如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道
它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的
同义词
3.通过构词法猜词
根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。
如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意义，故为“不太可能”之意。)
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.
Then there is a dry period，or drought.
这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，
或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind
of fruit grow in warm areas.
假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的
位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts 和
bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，
准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。
例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.
It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can s wim in the icy water to catch the fish.
从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。
后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
7. 根据常识猜词
如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.
（lintel “过梁”。）
Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.
（tiptoed “踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”）
(新)高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解
高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 [ By: 平分秋色 ] 推荐 高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 1．细节事实题： ⑴标志： ①题干中明确提到的时间、地点、人物等细节信息 ②针对文章中的一句或几句发问 ③题干和选项之间是因果关系 ⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文 ①根据题干中的时间、地点、人物返回原文 ②根据出题顺序返回原文（60％的准度） ③根据题干中的重点词或其同义词返回原文（如名词、动词、形容词，70％的准度） ④找原文中的难句定位，一般来说，难句都是出题点。 ⑶迷惑人的手段： ①单词替换 ②颠倒因果 ③扩大范围 ④常识判断
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完整版高一英语阅读理解专项练习
记叙文类作者：巩穹 （I）★★ Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women. 1. Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon? A. She couldn't get admitted to medical school B. She decided to further her education in Paris C. A serious eye problem stopped her D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States 2. What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming for a doctor? A. She was a woman. B. She wrote too many letters. C. She couldn't graduate from medical school. D. She couldn't set up her hospital. 3. How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital? A. Eight years B. Ten years C. Nineteen years D. Thirty-six years 4. According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts”in the life of Elizabeth Blacekwell except that she ______. A. became the first woman physician B. was the first woman doctor C. and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children D. set up the first medical school for women 5. Eilzabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in _______. A. England B. Paris C. the United States D. New York City 1-5 CAABC （II）★★★ Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, having grown by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Denmark's agriculture minister is herself an organic farmer.
高中英语阅读理解专项练习二(含答案)
A “You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club. I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services
(英语)高一英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)含解析
（英语）高一英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)含解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 One day a very skilled artist met a beautiful woman who immediately became the object of his affections. As he observed her and spoke with her, he admired her more and more. He showered her with kindness and words of praise until she consented to be his wife. Not long after they were married, however, the beautiful woman found out that she was more the object of his artistic interest than of his affections. When he admired her classic beauty, it was as though he were standing in front of a work of art rather than in front of a human being to whom he had pledged his love and promised his life. And soon he expressed his great desire to put her rare beauty on canvas. “Please sit for me in the workroom,” he pleaded, “and I will make your beauty permanent. The work will be my masterpiece!” She was humble and patient as well as flattered by his words, so she said, “Yes, my love. I will be happy to sit for you.” So the beautiful, young wife of the art ist sat meekly for hours in his studio, not complaining. Day after day she sat patiently, smiling as she posed, because she loved him and because she hoped that he would see her love in her smile and obedience. She sometimes wanted to call out to him, “Ple ase love me and want me as a person rather than as an object!” But instead, she spoke nothing but words which pleased him. At length, as the labor drew to close, the painter became wilder in his passion for his work. He only rarely turned his eyes from the canvas to look at his wife. As he stood there gazing at his beautiful work of art, he cried with a loud voice, “This is indeed life itself!” Then he turned to his beloved and saw that she was dead! （1）In what way did the artist express his appreciation of his wife's rare beauty? A. He put her classic beauty on canvas. B. He promised to marry her. C. He centered his deep affection on her. D. He pledged his love and promised his life to her.（2）What can be inferred from the story? A. The artist loved his work more than his wife. B. The artist didn't really understand what is beauty. C. The wife was fooled to sacrifice for his art creation. D. The wife loved his painting more than herself. （3）What did the artist mean by saying “This is indeed life itself!”？ A. He appreciated his life of painting. B. He was grateful to his wife. C. His work was more true to life than life itself. D. His effort was really worth it. （4）What would be the best title for this passage? A. A Well-matched Couple B. A Devoted Artist C. A Rare Masterpiece D. A Stupid Wife 【答案】（1）A （2）A （3）C
【阅读】高中英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧
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高中英语阅读理解练习题(有答案) 百度文库
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